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Question 1Data Preparation and Blending

In Alteryx Designer, which tool is used to combine two or more input streams that share the same schema by stacking their rows into a single output stream?

  1. Union tool Correct answer.
  2. Append Fields tool
  3. Fuzzy Match tool
  4. Join tool

Explanation

The Union tool stacks rows from multiple inputs with compatible fields, aligning columns by name or position depending on configuration. It does not match records on key values, so it simply appends rows. Other tools match or attach fields rather than stack rows.

Question 2Data Preparation and Blending

A workflow needs to bring in a CSV file whose column order may change between runs, and the fields must be referenced by name rather than position. Which configuration supports this most reliably?

  1. Configure the Input Data tool to read fields by position and rely on column order.
  2. Use a Text Input tool and paste the CSV contents manually each run.
  3. Use a Dynamic Input tool with a fixed template that ignores headers.
  4. Configure the Input Data tool to parse the first row as field names and map columns by name. Correct answer.

Explanation

When the first row contains headers and fields are referenced by name, the Input Data tool maps columns by header name so reordering columns does not break downstream tools. Reading by position ties field identity to column order and is fragile. Manual pasting and header-ignoring templates do not provide stable name-based mapping.

Question 3Data Preparation and Blending

Which Alteryx tool is specifically designed to split a single field containing delimited values into multiple separate fields?

  1. Sample tool
  2. Select tool
  3. Formula tool
  4. Text to Columns tool Correct answer.

Explanation

The Text to Columns tool parses one field into several fields using a specified delimiter or split method. The Formula tool creates or modifies fields but does not split delimited text into multiple columns. The Select and Sample tools manage field metadata and row selection, respectively.

Question 4Data Preparation and Blending

A dataset contains a date field stored as text in the format '2024-03-15'. Which approach correctly converts it to a proper Date data type in Alteryx?

  1. Use a DateTimeParse function in a Formula tool with the format '%Y-%m-%d'. Correct answer.
  2. Use the Sort tool to order the values chronologically.
  3. Use a ToNumber function in a Formula tool to cast the text to a number.
  4. Change the field type to Date in the Select tool without any format specification.

Explanation

DateTimeParse converts a text string to a date/time value using a format string that matches the input, such as '%Y-%m-%d'. Simply changing the type in Select can fail or misread ambiguous formats. ToNumber and Sort do not produce a Date data type.

Question 5Data Preparation and Blending

What is the primary purpose of the Data Cleansing tool?

  1. To replace nulls, trim whitespace, and standardize values such as casing and punctuation. Correct answer.
  2. To split records into training and validation sets.
  3. To join records across two inputs on a key field.
  4. To generate a summary of numeric fields by grouping.

Explanation

The Data Cleansing tool performs common cleanup operations such as removing leading/trailing whitespace, replacing nulls, and standardizing casing and punctuation. Grouping summaries, joining, and sampling are handled by other tools. It focuses on standardizing and cleaning field values.

Question 6Data Preparation and Blending

A user wants to keep only the top 10 records sorted by a numeric sales field. Which tool configuration achieves this in one step?

  1. Sample tool set to the first 10 records.
  2. Unique tool on the sales field.
  3. Filter tool with a condition on the sales field.
  4. Sort tool with a record limit of 10. Correct answer.

Explanation

The Sort tool can sort by a field and apply a record limit, returning the top N rows by that sort order. The Sample tool returns rows by position or mode but does not sort by a field value first. Filter and Unique serve different purposes.

Question 7Data Preparation and Blending

In a Join tool, what does the 'J' output anchor contain?

  1. All records from both inputs regardless of match.
  2. Records from the right input that had no match.
  3. Records from the left input that had no match.
  4. Records that matched on the join key in both inputs. Correct answer.

Explanation

The Join tool's J anchor outputs records that matched on the join key across both inputs. The L and R anchors output unmatched records from the left and right inputs, respectively. A full outer combination of all records is not what the J anchor provides.

Question 8Data Preparation and Blending

Two inputs each contain a field named 'Region' but with different capitalization (e.g., 'North' vs 'north'). A Join on Region produces unexpected unmatched records. What is the most appropriate first step?

  1. Standardize the Region values with a Data Cleansing or Formula tool before joining. Correct answer.
  2. Increase the record limit on the Join tool.
  3. Change the join key to a numeric field.
  4. Use the Unique tool to remove all Region values.

Explanation

Joins in Alteryx are typically case-sensitive on text keys, so inconsistent casing produces unmatched records. Standardizing casing before the join aligns the key values. Changing key type or removing values does not address the mismatch, and the Join tool has no record-limit setting to fix it.

Question 9Data Preparation and Blending

Which tool would you use to add a new calculated field that concatenates a first name and last name with a space between them?

  1. Formula tool Correct answer.
  2. Cross Tab tool
  3. Summarize tool
  4. Transpose tool

Explanation

The Formula tool creates or updates a field using an expression, such as combining two text fields with a space. Summarize aggregates, Transpose reshapes rows to columns, and Cross Tab pivots columns to rows. Only the Formula tool computes a new concatenated field.

Question 10Data Preparation and Blending

A wide dataset has monthly columns (Jan, Feb, Mar, ...) that need to become rows with a Month field and a Value field. Which tool accomplishes this reshaping?

  1. Cross Tab tool
  2. Union tool
  3. Join tool
  4. Transpose tool Correct answer.

Explanation

The Transpose tool converts columns into rows, producing key/value pairs, which is the standard way to unpivot wide data. The Cross Tab tool performs the opposite pivot from rows to columns. Join and Union combine datasets rather than reshape columns into rows.

Question 11Data Preparation and Blending

Which tool aggregates records by grouping on one or more fields and computing sums, counts, or averages?

  1. Summarize tool Correct answer.
  2. Filter tool
  3. Select tool
  4. Record ID tool

Explanation

The Summarize tool groups records by selected fields and produces aggregate outputs such as sum, count, and average. The Filter tool splits rows by condition, the Select tool manages fields, and the Record ID tool assigns sequential IDs. Only Summarize performs grouped aggregation.

Question 12Data Preparation and Blending

A workflow must remove duplicate records based on a customer ID, keeping one record per ID. Which tool is designed for this?

  1. Sample tool
  2. Sort tool
  3. Unique tool Correct answer.
  4. Append Fields tool

Explanation

The Unique tool identifies duplicates on specified key fields and outputs unique records plus a duplicate stream, keeping one record per key. Sample selects rows, Sort orders rows, and Append Fields combines fields. Only Unique deduplicates by key.

Question 13Data Preparation and Blending

When using the Append Fields tool, what happens if the source input contains many rows and the target input also contains many rows?

  1. Each target row is combined with every source row, producing a Cartesian product. Correct answer.
  2. Records are stacked vertically into a single column.
  3. The tool errors and produces no output.
  4. Only matching rows on a shared key are combined.

Explanation

The Append Fields tool attaches every source field to every target row, creating a Cartesian product. There is no key matching, so row counts multiply. It does not stack rows or require a shared key.

Question 14Data Preparation and Blending

A field contains values like ' New York ' with leading and trailing spaces that break grouping. Which tool most directly removes the extra whitespace across the field?

  1. Join tool
  2. Cross Tab tool
  3. Sort tool
  4. Data Cleansing tool Correct answer.

Explanation

The Data Cleansing tool can remove leading and trailing whitespace and standardize text values. Sort, Cross Tab, and Join do not perform whitespace cleanup. Using Data Cleansing normalizes the values so grouping works correctly.

Question 15Data Preparation and Blending

A user needs to convert a text field containing 'TRUE' and 'FALSE' strings into a Boolean data type for a Filter condition. Which approach is most appropriate?

  1. Use the Unique tool to remove duplicates.
  2. Use the Transpose tool to pivot the values.
  3. Use a Formula tool with an expression such as IF [Field]='TRUE' THEN 1 ELSE 0 ENDIF to produce a numeric flag. Correct answer.
  4. Use the Select tool to change the type to Boolean directly, relying on automatic conversion.

Explanation

Converting text to Boolean reliably is best done by explicitly mapping the string values to true/false values, for example with a conditional expression producing a numeric or boolean flag. Relying on automatic type conversion can yield unexpected results. Transpose and Unique do not convert data types.

Question 16Data Preparation and Blending

Which Alteryx tool allows reading multiple files from a directory where the filenames change over time, by using a field that holds file paths?

  1. Select tool
  2. Dynamic Input tool Correct answer.
  3. Text Input tool
  4. Summarize tool

Explanation

The Dynamic Input tool reads a set of files by taking file paths from an incoming field and applying a template, which supports changing filenames. Text Input creates static data, Select manages fields, and Summarize aggregates. Only Dynamic Input handles path-driven file reading.

Question 17Data Preparation and Blending

A dataset has a field 'FullName' formatted as 'Last, First'. Which tool and operation would split it into separate 'Last' and 'First' fields?

  1. Use the Sample tool to select the first row.
  2. Use the Join tool to combine FullName with itself.
  3. Use the Cross Tab tool to pivot FullName.
  4. Use the Text to Columns tool with a comma delimiter, then trim whitespace. Correct answer.

Explanation

Text to Columns splits a single field on a delimiter such as a comma into multiple fields, and trimming removes the leading space from the first-name portion. Join, Sample, and Cross Tab do not split a delimited field into components.

Question 18Data Preparation and Blending

What is the effect of using the Select tool to deselect a field and then connecting its output to a downstream tool?

  1. The field is removed from the data stream and is unavailable downstream. Correct answer.
  2. The field is retained but hidden from view only.
  3. The field is converted to a numeric type automatically.
  4. The field is duplicated into a new column.

Explanation

The Select tool controls which fields pass downstream; deselecting a field removes it from the stream so downstream tools cannot reference it. It does not merely hide the field, convert types, or duplicate it. This makes Select useful for pruning fields before joins or outputs.

Question 19Data Preparation and Blending

A user wants to replace null values in a numeric field with zero. Which tool provides a straightforward option to replace nulls across selected fields?

  1. Record ID tool
  2. Data Cleansing tool Correct answer.
  3. Sort tool
  4. Union tool

Explanation

The Data Cleansing tool includes an option to replace null values with a specified value such as zero for selected fields. Sort, Union, and Record ID do not provide null replacement. This centralizes null handling in one step.

Question 20Data Preparation and Blending

A workflow joins a large transaction table to a small lookup table on a product code. Some transactions have product codes not present in the lookup. Which output anchor should be used to capture those unmatched transactions for review?

  1. The D anchor of the Join tool.
  2. The L anchor of the Join tool. Correct answer.
  3. The J anchor of the Join tool.
  4. The R anchor of the Join tool.

Explanation

Unmatched records from the left (primary) input appear on the L anchor. If the transaction table is the left input, its unmatched records are on L. The J anchor holds matches, the R anchor holds unmatched right records, and there is no D anchor on the Join tool.

Question 21Data Preparation and Blending

Which tool would you use to assign a unique sequential number to each record in a stream?

  1. Formula tool
  2. Record ID tool Correct answer.
  3. Unique tool
  4. Filter tool

Explanation

The Record ID tool adds a field containing sequential identifiers for each record. The Unique tool removes duplicates, the Formula tool computes values from expressions, and the Filter tool splits rows. Only Record ID generates sequential record numbers.

Question 22Data Preparation and Blending

A user needs to combine two inputs where one has fields A, B and the other has fields B, C. They want a single output containing A, B, and C with rows aligned by field name. Which tool and setting is appropriate?

  1. Join tool with B as the key, producing A, B, and C.
  2. Cross Tab tool, producing A, B, and C as pivoted columns.
  3. Append Fields tool, producing all combinations of A, B, and C.
  4. Union tool configured to match fields by name, producing A, B, and C. Correct answer.

Explanation

The Union tool stacks rows from both inputs and aligns columns by field name, producing a combined schema of A, B, and C. Join matches records on a key rather than stacking, Append Fields creates combinations, and Cross Tab pivots. Union by name is the correct choice for stacking with schema alignment.

Question 23Data Preparation and Blending

Which tool is used to pivot data from rows into columns, for example turning a 'Month' field's values into separate columns?

  1. Transpose tool
  2. Unique tool
  3. Summarize tool
  4. Cross Tab tool Correct answer.

Explanation

The Cross Tab tool pivots rows into columns, using a field's values as new column headers and an aggregation for the cell values. The Transpose tool does the reverse, Summarize aggregates without pivoting, and Unique deduplicates. Cross Tab is the pivot-to-columns tool.

Question 24Data Preparation and Blending

A user wants to filter records where the sales amount is greater than 1000 and the region is 'West'. Which tool configuration correctly applies both conditions together?

  1. Two separate Union tools combined.
  2. A Sort tool with a record limit of 1000.
  3. A Filter tool with the expression [Sales] > 1000 AND [Region] = 'West'. Correct answer.
  4. A Unique tool on the Region field.

Explanation

The Filter tool evaluates a boolean expression and routes records to True and False outputs; combining conditions with AND applies both at once. Union, Sort, and Unique do not evaluate compound record conditions. A single Filter expression with AND correctly isolates the desired records.

Question 25Data Preparation and Blending

A user notices that a numeric field is being read as text because some rows contain a currency symbol. What is the most robust way to obtain a clean numeric field?

  1. Ignore the issue and aggregate the text field directly.
  2. Use a Formula tool to strip the currency symbol and convert the remaining text to a number. Correct answer.
  3. Use the Transpose tool to pivot the field.
  4. Use the Unique tool to remove the symbol-bearing rows.

Explanation

Removing non-numeric characters and then converting the cleaned text to a numeric type produces a reliable numeric field. Aggregating text or pivoting does not fix the type problem, and removing rows discards valid data. Cleaning then converting preserves the values.

Question 26Data Preparation and Blending

Which tool is specifically designed to output the records that appear in both inputs of a join while discarding records that match only one side?

  1. Join Correct answer.
  2. Fuzzy Match
  3. Find Replace
  4. Union

Explanation

The Join tool produces matched records on its join output and separates unmatched records into left and right outputs. Only records satisfying the join condition on both inputs flow to the matched output.

Question 27Data Preparation and Blending

A user needs to change the data type of a numeric field to a string so it can be concatenated with text. Which tool is the most direct choice?

  1. Select Correct answer.
  2. Sample
  3. Formula
  4. Sort

Explanation

The Select tool lets you change the data type of a field in place without altering the values. It is the standard tool for type conversions before downstream operations.

Question 28Data Preparation and Blending

A workflow must add a running total of a numeric field across records in their current sort order. Which tool and configuration accomplishes this?

  1. Multi-Row Formula with a cumulative expression referencing the prior row
  2. Summarize with a Sum aggregation on the field
  3. Record ID with a sequential numbering option
  4. Running Total tool with the numeric field selected Correct answer.

Explanation

The Running Total tool computes a cumulative sum of a selected numeric field as records pass through it in order. The input should be sorted beforehand to control the accumulation order.

Question 29Data Preparation and Blending

A user wants to create a new field whose value is the sum of three existing numeric fields on the same record. Which tool configuration is appropriate?

  1. Join on the three fields as join keys
  2. Transpose with the three fields as key columns
  3. Summarize with Sum on each of the three fields
  4. Formula with an expression adding the three field references Correct answer.

Explanation

The Formula tool evaluates an expression per record, so adding three field references yields a new field containing each record's sum. It operates row by row without collapsing records.

Question 30Data Preparation and Blending

A user needs to standardize inconsistent values in a text field, such as mapping 'NY', 'N.Y.', and 'New York' all to 'New York'. Which tool is best suited for this?

  1. Find Replace Correct answer.
  2. Multi-Field Formula
  3. Data Cleansing
  4. Text to Columns

Explanation

The Find Replace tool can map many source values to a single replacement value, making it suitable for standardizing inconsistent text. It performs the substitution across the specified field.

Question 31Data Preparation and Blending

A user has two inputs and wants a single output containing every record from both inputs, matched where keys align and retained where they do not. Which approach achieves this?

  1. Union of the Join's matched and unmatched outputs Correct answer.
  2. Append Fields of the two inputs
  3. Find Replace using the smaller input as lookup
  4. Join, keeping only the matched output

Explanation

A Join's matched output plus its left and right unmatched outputs together contain all records from both inputs. Unioning those outputs yields a full outer-style result.

Question 32Data Preparation and Blending

A workflow must be robust to a source file whose schema changes slightly between runs, sometimes adding new columns. Which configuration best supports this?

  1. A Text Input tool with hard-coded field names
  2. A standard Input Data tool with a fixed file path
  3. A Dynamic Input tool with a field mapping that updates the incoming schema Correct answer.
  4. A Directory tool alone connected to downstream tools

Explanation

Dynamic Input can read a file and modify its schema at runtime, accommodating added or changed columns. A fixed Input Data tool would fail or drop unexpected fields when the schema shifts.

Question 33Workflow Design and Optimization

In a workflow, which element represents a decision point where the path taken depends on a condition being evaluated?

  1. A gateway Correct answer.
  2. An end event
  3. A start event
  4. A task

Explanation

A gateway is the modeling construct that evaluates conditions and routes a token down one or more outgoing paths. Tasks represent units of work, while events mark the beginning or end of a process. Conditional branching is therefore the defining role of a gateway.

Question 34Workflow Design and Optimization

A process requires that all parallel branches finish before any downstream step can begin. Which gateway type enforces this?

  1. Exclusive gateway
  2. Event-based gateway
  3. Inclusive gateway
  4. Parallel gateway Correct answer.

Explanation

A parallel gateway splits into multiple concurrent paths and later joins by waiting for every incoming branch to complete. Exclusive gateways choose exactly one path and never synchronize. This makes the parallel gateway the correct choice for join-all semantics.

Question 35Workflow Design and Optimization

Which workflow pattern describes a step that must be performed repeatedly until a condition is satisfied?

  1. Parallel split
  2. Deferred choice
  3. Loop Correct answer.
  4. Sequence

Explanation

A loop pattern repeats a task or subprocess while or until a condition holds. Sequence patterns execute steps once in order, and parallel split creates concurrent branches. Repetition until a condition is met is the definition of a loop.

Question 36Workflow Design and Optimization

What is the primary purpose of defining a service level agreement (SLA) target on a workflow step?

  1. To encrypt data stored by the step
  2. To set an expected completion time that can trigger escalation Correct answer.
  3. To assign the step to a specific user group
  4. To version the workflow definition

Explanation

An SLA target establishes a time threshold for completing a step and typically drives alerts or escalation when breached. Assignment, encryption, and versioning are handled by other configuration mechanisms. The SLA is specifically about timeliness.

Question 37Workflow Design and Optimization

Which metric best measures how often a workflow completes without any manual rework or exception handling?

  1. Cycle time
  2. Throughput
  3. Utilization
  4. First-pass yield Correct answer.

Explanation

First-pass yield measures the proportion of instances completed correctly the first time without rework. Cycle time measures elapsed duration, throughput counts completions per period, and utilization measures resource busyness. Only first-pass yield captures rework-free completion.

Question 38Workflow Design and Optimization

A workflow designer wants a human to review a document only when its value exceeds a threshold. What is the most appropriate construct?

  1. An unconditional task
  2. A conditional routing rule Correct answer.
  3. A message event
  4. A timer event

Explanation

Conditional routing evaluates data at runtime and directs the instance to the review task only when the threshold is met. Unconditional tasks always execute, and events respond to time or messages rather than data values. A routing rule is the direct way to encode the condition.

Question 39Workflow Design and Optimization

Why is it important to model exception paths explicitly in a workflow design?

  1. To reduce the number of tasks in the happy path
  2. To guarantee the process always completes on time
  3. To ensure failures are handled predictably rather than stalling the process Correct answer.
  4. To eliminate the need for testing

Explanation

Explicit exception paths define what happens when a step fails, preventing instances from stalling indefinitely or failing silently. They do not reduce happy-path tasks, replace testing, or guarantee timing. Their value is predictable, observable failure handling.

Question 40Workflow Design and Optimization

Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-designed workflow task?

  1. It has a single clear owner and defined completion criteria Correct answer.
  2. It requires no input data
  3. It can only be performed by an administrator
  4. It bundles several unrelated decisions into one step

Explanation

Good task design gives each step a clear owner and unambiguous completion criteria so progress can be tracked. Bundling unrelated decisions obscures accountability, and requiring no input or admin-only access are arbitrary constraints. Clarity of ownership and outcome is the guiding principle.

Question 41Workflow Design and Optimization

A workflow has three sequential approval steps, each taking an average of two days, with no overlap. What is the expected total cycle time?

  1. Six days Correct answer.
  2. Two days
  3. Four days
  4. Eight days

Explanation

Sequential steps add their durations because each begins only after the prior step completes. Three steps at two days each sum to six days. Overlapping or parallel execution would be required to reduce this total.

Question 42Workflow Design and Optimization

An exclusive gateway has three outgoing paths with conditions that are not mutually exclusive. What risk does this create?

  1. The gateway will convert into a parallel gateway
  2. The process will skip all downstream tasks
  3. The process will always deadlock
  4. Multiple paths may be activated unintentionally Correct answer.

Explanation

Exclusive gateways are meant to select exactly one path, so overlapping conditions can cause unpredictable or multiple activations depending on evaluation order. They do not automatically deadlock or transform into other gateway types. Ensuring conditions are mutually exclusive prevents this ambiguity.

Question 43Workflow Design and Optimization

A process uses an inclusive gateway to split into four branches but only two conditions evaluate true. How should the matching inclusive join behave?

  1. Wait for all four branches
  2. Proceed immediately without waiting
  3. Fail because the branch count is inconsistent
  4. Wait only for the two activated branches Correct answer.

Explanation

An inclusive gateway join synchronizes only the branches that were actually activated, not every possible outgoing path. Waiting for all four would deadlock when only two are live. This selective synchronization is the defining behavior of inclusive joins.

Question 44Workflow Design and Optimization

What distinguishes an event-based gateway from a data-based exclusive gateway?

  1. It evaluates process variables to choose a path
  2. It waits for the first occurring event among several to determine the path Correct answer.
  3. It always creates parallel branches
  4. It cannot be followed by a task

Explanation

An event-based gateway defers the choice until one of several events occurs, and the first event determines the path. A data-based exclusive gateway instead evaluates process data immediately. This race-among-events behavior is the key distinction.

Question 45Workflow Design and Optimization

A workflow step is frequently delayed because the assigned reviewer is on leave. Which design change most directly addresses this?

  1. Increase the SLA threshold
  2. Convert the task to a subprocess
  3. Add a delegation or reassignment rule with a backup group Correct answer.
  4. Add a parallel branch

Explanation

Adding delegation or reassignment to a backup group ensures work can proceed when the primary assignee is unavailable. Raising the SLA only hides the delay, and parallel branches or subprocesses do not solve unavailability. The root cause is assignment resilience.

Question 46Workflow Design and Optimization

Which approach best reduces the risk of a bottleneck caused by a single approval step with high arrival volume?

  1. Route all items to one senior approver
  2. Remove the approval step entirely
  3. Add more conditional branches before the step
  4. Distribute work across a pool of qualified approvers Correct answer.

Explanation

Distributing work across a qualified pool increases capacity and reduces queueing at the approval step. Concentrating on one approver worsens the bottleneck, and adding branches does not increase approval capacity. Removing the control may be unacceptable for compliance.

Question 47Workflow Design and Optimization

A process definition includes a timer boundary event on a task. What happens when the timer fires before the task completes?

  1. The process restarts from the beginning
  2. The timer is ignored
  3. The task completes automatically
  4. The boundary event path is triggered, interrupting the task Correct answer.

Explanation

A boundary event attached to a task activates when its trigger fires, and an interrupting timer cancels the task and follows the exception path. It does not auto-complete the task or restart the process. This enables timeouts and escalation.

Question 48Workflow Design and Optimization

Which pattern should be used when two steps can run concurrently but their results must be merged into a single record afterward?

  1. Loop
  2. Exclusive choice
  3. Parallel split with a synchronizing join Correct answer.
  4. Deferred choice

Explanation

A parallel split launches both steps concurrently, and a synchronizing join waits for both to finish before merging results. Exclusive and deferred choices activate only one path, and loops repeat a single path. Concurrency plus merge requires split-and-join.

Question 49Workflow Design and Optimization

What is the effect of adding a compensating activity to a workflow?

  1. It duplicates the original activity for redundancy
  2. It provides a way to undo the effects of a completed activity when later steps fail Correct answer.
  3. It prevents the original activity from ever failing
  4. It shortens the cycle time of the original activity

Explanation

Compensation defines a handler that reverses or offsets the effects of an already-completed activity when a subsequent failure requires rollback. It does not prevent failures, duplicate work, or speed up the original step. This supports transactional consistency in long-running processes.

Question 50Workflow Design and Optimization

A workflow routes high-value requests to a specialist queue and low-value requests to a general queue. Which design principle does this illustrate?

  1. Workload-based routing Correct answer.
  2. Idempotency
  3. Sequential processing
  4. Event sourcing

Explanation

Routing based on a characteristic of the work, such as value, to different queues is workload-based or content-based routing. Sequential processing and event sourcing describe execution and persistence models, and idempotency concerns repeated execution. The routing decision here is driven by the work item's attributes.