Professional Ethics and Communication
Principles in practice
Ethics questions are rarely about knowing definitions; they test application under pressure. Understand autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and veracity, and how they conflict. Know how to handle disagreements with colleagues or patients, conflicts of interest, gifts, and boundary issues. Communication questions test clarity, confirmation of understanding, and appropriate escalation.
Concepts to master
- Informed consent as a process, not a signature
- Truthful disclosure and managing uncertainty
- Confidentiality boundaries in teams and public settings
- Speaking up about unsafe practice
- Cultural humility and supported decision-making
Traps in questions
Expect the plausible-but-self-protective answer - for example, staying silent to avoid conflict, or deferring disclosure to someone else. Another trap is confusing politeness with ethics: the courteous option is not always the right one. Watch for questions where the patient's stated wish conflicts with what staff think is best; competent refusal must be respected.
Rule of thumb
Ask: whose decision is this, and what does the patient need to know to make it? Then communicate plainly, check understanding, and document.
Worked example: A competent patient declines a recommended intervention after a clear explanation. Correct response: confirm understanding, explore concerns, respect the decision, continue appropriate care, and document the discussion - not pressure or covert persuasion.