Mainstream and Access Technology for Computers and Mobile Devices
Built-in Accessibility
Modern operating systems (Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, ChromeOS) include robust accessibility features. Candidates should recognize categories and match them to needs:
- Vision: screen magnification, high contrast, large text, screen readers (VoiceOver, TalkBack, Narrator), braille display support.
- Motor: sticky keys, filter keys, switch access, voice control, head/eye tracking.
- Hearing: captions, visual alerts, mono audio.
- Cognitive/learning: text-to-speech, word prediction, simplified interfaces, reading focus tools.
Access Methods
Know alternative access: switch scanning (row-column, automatic vs. step), eye gaze, head pointers, and speech recognition. Understand that access method selection depends on motor reliability, endurance, and accuracy-not preference alone.
Traps
- Assuming a screen reader and text-to-speech are interchangeable: they serve different purposes (navigation/access vs. reading support).
- Forgetting mobile built-in features; questions may describe a phone setting, not a desktop one.
- Overlooking that mainstream features are often free and sufficient before specialized software is needed.
Rule of Thumb
Exhaust built-in mainstream accessibility features and match the access method to the user's most reliable motor movement before recommending dedicated hardware.