Patient Identification, Preparation, and Communication
Core concepts
Identify the patient actively, not passively. Ask the patient to state full name and date of birth, then compare both with the requisition and the identification band. Use two independent identifiers; a room number, bed number, diagnosis, or physician name is never an identifier. For outpatients, follow policy for verbal confirmation and missing bands. For unconscious or confused patients, use the band and a caregiver, never guess. Preparation includes explaining the procedure, obtaining consent, verifying fasting or timed requirements, and positioning the patient safely. Communication must be age-appropriate, private, and culturally sensitive; use an interpreter when needed. Address anxiety by answering questions and never promise a painless draw.
Question traps
A frequent trap is matching the requisition to the chart but not to the patient's own statement. Another is labeling tubes before entering the room. Do not identify by saying a name and asking yes/no; patients may agree when confused. Do not draw from an arm with a dialysis fistula, mastectomy, lymphedema, or IV without authorization. Fasting means no caloric intake for the required period; water is usually allowed.
Worked rule
If the name or birth date differs from the band or requisition, stop. Do not collect, do not relabel, and do not ask the patient to confirm a guessed identity. Resolve the discrepancy with the charge nurse or registration before proceeding. This single rule prevents the most serious identification errors.