I85PREP
⌘ K
APPSC Group-I study materials
APPSC Group-I study resources

APPSC Group-I practice questions

One question at a time. Build your APPSC Group-I understanding.

First 50 of 199 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1General Studies and Mental Ability

The Fundamental Duties of citizens were incorporated into the Constitution of India on the recommendation of which committee?

  1. Swaran Singh Committee Correct answer.
  2. Sarkaria Commission
  3. Ashok Mehta Committee
  4. Balwant Rai Mehta Committee

Explanation

Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, acting on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee, which had suggested a set of duties for citizens. They were placed in Part IV-A as Article 51A.

Question 2General Studies and Mental Ability

Which Article of the Constitution provides for the establishment of an All India Judicial Service?

  1. Article 312 Correct answer.
  2. Article 280
  3. Article 315
  4. Article 324

Explanation

Article 312 empowers Parliament to create All India Services, and it explicitly includes an All India Judicial Service among the services that may be constituted. The other articles deal with public service commissions, elections, and finance commissions respectively.

Question 3General Studies and Mental Ability

In the Indian Constitution, the concept of 'procedure established by law' for the protection of life and personal liberty is found in which provision?

  1. Article 21 Correct answer.
  2. Article 22
  3. Article 20
  4. Article 19

Explanation

Article 21 states that no person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. The phrase was borrowed from the Japanese Constitution and later expanded through the due process interpretation in Maneka Gandhi.

Question 4General Studies and Mental Ability

The Governor of a State can promulgate an ordinance when the State Legislature is not in session under which Article?

  1. Article 356
  2. Article 123
  3. Article 200
  4. Article 213 Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 213 empowers the Governor to promulgate ordinances during recess of the State Legislature, mirroring the President's power under Article 123 at the Union level. The ordinance must be laid before the legislature and ceases to operate after six weeks from reassembly unless approved.

Question 5General Studies and Mental Ability

A sum of money doubles itself in 8 years at simple interest. In how many years will it become four times of itself at the same rate?

  1. 16 years
  2. 24 years Correct answer.
  3. 20 years
  4. 32 years

Explanation

Doubling in 8 years means the simple interest equals the principal in 8 years, so the rate is 12.5% per annum. To become four times, the interest must equal three times the principal, which takes 3 × 8 = 24 years.

Question 6General Studies and Mental Ability

If the ratio of the ages of A and B is 3:4 and the sum of their ages is 42 years, what is B's age?

  1. 28 years
  2. 21 years
  3. 24 years Correct answer.
  4. 18 years

Explanation

Let the ages be 3x and 4x, so 7x = 42, giving x = 6. B's age is 4 × 6 = 24 years.

Question 7General Studies and Mental Ability

A train 150 m long crosses a pole in 15 seconds. What is the speed of the train?

  1. 54 km/h
  2. 40 km/h
  3. 36 km/h Correct answer.
  4. 45 km/h

Explanation

Crossing a pole means the train covers its own length, so speed = 150/15 = 10 m/s. Converting to km/h by multiplying by 18/5 gives 36 km/h.

Question 8General Studies and Mental Ability

The average of five numbers is 27. If one number is removed, the average of the remaining four becomes 25. What is the removed number?

  1. 30
  2. 35 Correct answer.
  3. 25
  4. 40

Explanation

The sum of five numbers is 5 × 27 = 135, and the sum of the remaining four is 4 × 25 = 100. The removed number is therefore 135 − 100 = 35.

Question 9General Studies and Mental Ability

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation?

  1. Mesosphere
  2. Troposphere
  3. Thermosphere
  4. Stratosphere Correct answer.

Explanation

The ozone layer lies mainly in the stratosphere, where ozone molecules absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation. This absorption also causes temperature to rise with height in that layer.

Question 10General Studies and Mental Ability

The Tropic of Cancer passes through how many Indian States?

  1. Nine
  2. Seven
  3. Eight Correct answer.
  4. Six

Explanation

The Tropic of Cancer crosses eight Indian States: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. It passes through the middle of India and is roughly 23.5 degrees north of the equator.

Question 11General Studies and Mental Ability

Which river is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' because of its frequent course changes and floods?

  1. Gandak
  2. Kosi Correct answer.
  3. Damodar
  4. Son

Explanation

The Kosi river, rising in the Himalayas and flowing through Nepal into Bihar, shifts its course frequently and causes severe floods, earning it the name 'Sorrow of Bihar'. The Damodar, by contrast, is called the 'Sorrow of Bengal'.

Question 12General Studies and Mental Ability

The 'Green Revolution' in India was most closely associated with which crop and which scientist?

  1. Rice and M. S. Swaminathan
  2. Wheat and Norman Borlaug Correct answer.
  3. Pulses and B. P. Pal
  4. Maize and Verghese Kurien

Explanation

The Green Revolution in India, beginning in the late 1960s, centred on high-yielding wheat varieties developed by Norman Borlaug and adapted for Indian conditions. This dramatically increased wheat output, particularly in Punjab and Haryana.

Question 13General Studies and Mental Ability

Which Five-Year Plan is often called the 'Gadgil Yojana' and focused on rapid industrialisation?

  1. First Five-Year Plan
  2. Second Five-Year Plan Correct answer.
  3. Fourth Five-Year Plan
  4. Third Five-Year Plan

Explanation

The Second Five-Year Plan (1956-61), based on the Mahalanobis model, emphasised heavy industry and was associated with the Gadgil formula discussions on resource allocation. It is remembered for rapid industrialisation.

Question 14General Studies and Mental Ability

Which of the following is a direct tax in India?

  1. Excise Duty
  2. Goods and Services Tax
  3. Customs Duty
  4. Income Tax Correct answer.

Explanation

A direct tax is levied on the income or wealth of a person and cannot be shifted to another party, as with income tax. Indirect taxes such as GST, customs and excise are levied on goods and services and are passed on to the consumer.

Question 15General Studies and Mental Ability

The Reserve Bank of India was nationalised in which year?

  1. 1949 Correct answer.
  2. 1935
  3. 1969
  4. 1955

Explanation

The RBI was established in 1935 and nationalised on 1 January 1949, shortly after independence. Nationalisation brought the central bank under public ownership and strengthened state control over monetary policy.

Question 16General Studies and Mental Ability

Which Mughal emperor is credited with building the Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri?

  1. Akbar Correct answer.
  2. Babur
  3. Humayun
  4. Shah Jahan

Explanation

The Buland Darwaza was built by Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat and stands at Fatehpur Sikri. It is one of the tallest gateways in the world and reflects Akbar's architectural patronage.

Question 17General Studies and Mental Ability

Who founded the Servants of India Society in 1905?

  1. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  2. Gopal Krishna Gokhale Correct answer.
  3. Annie Besant
  4. Lala Lajpat Rai

Explanation

Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in 1905 to train Indians for dedicated social and political service. It reflected his moderate, reformist approach within the nationalist movement.

Question 18General Studies and Mental Ability

The Poona Pact of 1932 was an agreement between which two leaders?

  1. Gandhi and Ambedkar Correct answer.
  2. Nehru and Jinnah
  3. Gandhi and Jinnah
  4. Gandhi and Irwin

Explanation

The Poona Pact of 1932 was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr B. R. Ambedkar, revising the separate electorates for depressed classes granted by the Communal Award. It provided for reserved seats within the general electorate instead.

Question 19General Studies and Mental Ability

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Directive Principles of State Policy?

  1. They are enforceable in courts like Fundamental Rights.
  2. They were added by the 42nd Amendment.
  3. They were inspired by the Irish Constitution. Correct answer.
  4. They are contained in Part IV and Article 32.

Explanation

The Directive Principles in Part IV (Articles 36-51) were inspired by the Irish Constitution and aim to guide state policy toward social and economic justice. They are not judicially enforceable, though they inform legislation.

Question 20General Studies and Mental Ability

In a certain code, 'TIGER' is written as 'UJHFS'. How is 'LION' written in that code?

  1. MKPO
  2. MJNO
  3. MJPN
  4. MJPO Correct answer.

Explanation

Each letter is replaced by the next letter in the alphabet: T→U, I→J, G→H, E→F, R→S. Applying the same rule to LION gives M, J, P, O, i.e. MJPO.

Question 21General Studies and Mental Ability

Five friends P, Q, R, S and T sit in a row facing north. Q is to the immediate right of P. T is at one end. S is between R and T. Who is at the other end?

  1. R
  2. Q
  3. P Correct answer.
  4. S

Explanation

With T at one end and S between R and T, the block T-S-R must occupy one end. Q immediately right of P means the pair P-Q sits together. Arranging these gives P-Q-R-S-T, placing P at the other end.

Question 22General Studies and Mental Ability

A man walks 5 km north, turns right and walks 3 km, then turns right and walks 5 km. How far is he from his starting point?

  1. 3 km Correct answer.
  2. 5 km
  3. 8 km
  4. 13 km

Explanation

Walking 5 km north, then 3 km east, then 5 km south returns him to the same latitude as the start. The net displacement is therefore 3 km due east of the starting point.

Question 23General Studies and Mental Ability

Which of the following is an example of a 'public good' in economics?

  1. A restaurant meal
  2. A national defence system Correct answer.
  3. A private car
  4. A cinema ticket

Explanation

A public good is non-rival and non-excludable, meaning one person's use does not reduce availability to others and no one can be prevented from using it. National defence is the classic example, as it protects all citizens simultaneously.

Question 24General Studies and Mental Ability

The 'Doctrine of Basic Structure' was established by the Supreme Court in which case?

  1. Minerva Mills v. Union of India
  2. Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain
  3. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala Correct answer.
  4. Golaknath v. State of Punjab

Explanation

In Kesavananda Bharati (1973), the Supreme Court held that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in a way that destroys its basic structure. This doctrine limits the amending power under Article 368.

Question 25General Studies and Mental Ability

The Indian National Congress adopted the resolution on 'Purna Swaraj' at which session?

  1. Karachi Session, 1931
  2. Nagpur Session, 1920
  3. Lucknow Session, 1916
  4. Lahore Session, 1929 Correct answer.

Explanation

At the Lahore session of 1929, presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress adopted the Purna Swaraj resolution demanding complete independence. This was followed by the declaration of 26 January 1930 as the first Independence Day.

Question 26General Studies and Mental Ability

Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of an All India Services?

  1. Article 315
  2. Article 320
  3. Article 312 Correct answer.
  4. Article 324

Explanation

Article 312 empowers Parliament to create new All India Services common to the Union and the States if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution supported by a majority of its total membership and two-thirds of members present and voting. Articles 315 and 320 deal with Public Service Commissions, and Article 324 deals with the Election Commission.

Question 27General Studies and Mental Ability

The Ryotwari system of land revenue, introduced in parts of British India, was primarily associated with which regions?

  1. Madras and Bombay Presidencies Correct answer.
  2. Punjab and the North-West Frontier
  3. Assam and Orissa
  4. Bengal and Bihar

Explanation

The Ryotwari system was introduced by Thomas Munro and Alexander Read in the Madras Presidency and extended to the Bombay Presidency. Under this system, revenue was settled directly with the individual cultivator (ryot) rather than through zamindars. The Permanent Settlement covered Bengal and Bihar, while the Mahalwari system covered parts of the North-West Provinces.

Question 28General Studies and Mental Ability

Consider the following statements about the Indian monsoon: 1. The onset of the southwest monsoon over Kerala normally occurs around 1 June. 2. The Tamil Nadu coast receives most of its rainfall from the southwest monsoon. 3. The withdrawal of the monsoon begins from the northwest part of India. Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 2 and 3 only
  2. 1 and 3 only Correct answer.
  3. 1 and 2 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The southwest monsoon normally sets in over Kerala around 1 June, and its withdrawal begins from northwest India in September. The Tamil Nadu coast is a rain-shadow area during the southwest monsoon and receives most of its rainfall from the retreating northeast monsoon (October–December). Hence statement 2 is incorrect.

Question 29General Studies and Mental Ability

In a class of 40 students, 25 play cricket, 20 play football, and 10 play both. How many students play neither cricket nor football?

  1. 10
  2. 5 Correct answer.
  3. 15
  4. 20

Explanation

By the principle of inclusion–exclusion, the number playing at least one game is 25 + 20 − 10 = 35. Therefore, the number playing neither is 40 − 35 = 5.

Question 30General Studies and Mental Ability

The 'Sarvodaya' plan, emphasizing non-violent and decentralized development, is associated with which of the following?

  1. Ram Manohar Lohia
  2. Jayaprakash Narayan Correct answer.
  3. Jawaharlal Nehru
  4. M. N. Roy

Explanation

The Sarvodaya plan was drafted by Jayaprakash Narayan in 1950, drawing inspiration from Gandhian principles of non-violence, decentralization, and self-sufficient village communities. It was a critique of the centralized planning model later adopted by the Planning Commission. M. N. Roy proposed the People's Plan, and Ram Manohar Lohia advocated a different socialist model.

Question 31General Studies and Mental Ability

Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the following events? 1. Champaran Satyagraha 2. Jallianwala Bagh massacre 3. Non-Cooperation Movement 4. Dandi March

  1. 1, 3, 2, 4
  2. 1, 2, 3, 4 Correct answer.
  3. 2, 1, 3, 4
  4. 1, 2, 4, 3

Explanation

The Champaran Satyagraha took place in 1917, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, the Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920, and the Dandi March occurred in 1930. Thus the correct order is 1, 2, 3, 4.

Question 32General Studies and Mental Ability

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the layers of the atmosphere from the Earth's surface upwards?

  1. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere Correct answer.
  2. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere
  3. Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
  4. Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere

Explanation

The atmosphere is divided into layers based on temperature variations: the troposphere (0–12 km), stratosphere (12–50 km), mesosphere (50–80 km), and thermosphere (80 km and above). The ozone layer lies within the stratosphere, and the mesosphere is where most meteors burn up.

Question 33General Studies and Mental Ability

Which of the following is the primary objective of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India?

  1. To manage the foreign exchange reserves of India
  2. To supervise and regulate the banking sector
  3. To maintain price stability while keeping in mind the objective of growth Correct answer.
  4. To regulate the issuance of currency notes

Explanation

The MPC was constituted under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (amended in 2016) with the primary objective of maintaining price stability while keeping in mind the objective of growth. It is responsible for fixing the benchmark policy interest rate to achieve the inflation target. Currency issuance and foreign exchange management are separate functions of the RBI.

Question 34General Studies and Mental Ability

The 'Doctrine of Lapse' was used by which Governor-General to annex Indian princely states?

  1. Lord Hastings
  2. Lord Cornwallis
  3. Lord Wellesley
  4. Lord Dalhousie Correct answer.

Explanation

The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy applied by Lord Dalhousie (Governor-General from 1848 to 1856). Under this doctrine, any princely state without a natural heir would be annexed by the British East India Company. States like Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur were annexed under this policy.

Question 35General Studies and Mental Ability

Which of the following is an example of a 'demand-pull' factor in inflation?

  1. A poor harvest leading to food shortages
  2. An increase in the cost of raw materials due to a strike
  3. A sharp rise in the price of imported crude oil
  4. A rapid increase in government spending during a war Correct answer.

Explanation

Demand-pull inflation occurs when aggregate demand outpaces aggregate supply, often due to increased government spending, investment, or consumption. A rise in imported oil prices, poor harvests, and higher raw material costs are supply-side (cost-push) factors. Therefore, increased government spending is the demand-pull example.

Question 36General Studies and Mental Ability

If the compound interest on a sum of money for 2 years at 10% per annum is ₹210, what is the simple interest on the same sum at the same rate and for the same period?

  1. ₹200 Correct answer.
  2. ₹220
  3. ₹210
  4. ₹190

Explanation

For 2 years, the difference between compound interest and simple interest is the interest on the first year's interest. Let the principal be P. Compound interest = P[(1+10/100)^2 - 1] = P(1.21 - 1) = 0.21P. Given 0.21P = 210, P = 1000. Simple interest = P × 10 × 2 / 100 = 1000 × 20 / 100 = ₹200.

Question 37General Studies and Mental Ability

Which of the following pairs of Indian dance forms and their states of origin is correctly matched?

  1. Odissi – West Bengal
  2. Sattriya – Assam Correct answer.
  3. Mohiniyattam – Karnataka
  4. Kuchipudi – Tamil Nadu

Explanation

Sattriya is a classical dance form that originated in the Vaishnava monasteries (sattras) of Assam. Mohiniyattam belongs to Kerala, Kuchipudi to Andhra Pradesh, and Odissi to Odisha. Hence only the first pair is correctly matched.

Question 38General Studies and Mental Ability

The 'Green House Effect' refers to which of the following processes?

  1. Trapping of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases, warming the Earth's surface Correct answer.
  2. Reflection of solar radiation by the ozone layer
  3. Absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratosphere
  4. Cooling of the Earth's surface due to increased cloud cover

Explanation

The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour, absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, thereby warming the Earth's surface. This natural process is essential for maintaining the planet's temperature. Reflection by the ozone layer and absorption of UV radiation are different phenomena.

Question 39General Studies and Mental Ability

Consider the following statements about the Election Commission of India (ECI): 1. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed only in the same manner as a judge of the Supreme Court. 2. The ECI is a constitutional body established under Article 324. 3. The ECI conducts elections to the Panchayats and Municipalities. Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only Correct answer.
  2. 1, 2 and 3
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 2 and 3 only

Explanation

The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed only by impeachment, similar to a Supreme Court judge, and the ECI is established under Article 324. However, elections to Panchayats and Municipalities are conducted by the State Election Commission, not the ECI. Hence statements 1 and 2 are correct, but 3 is not.

Question 40General Studies and Mental Ability

A sum of money invested at compound interest amounts to ₹1,210 in 2 years and to ₹1,331 in 3 years. What is the rate of interest per annum?

  1. 11%
  2. 12%
  3. 9%
  4. 10% Correct answer.

Explanation

The amount grows from ₹1,210 to ₹1,331 in one year, so the interest for the third year is ₹121. The rate is (121/1210) × 100 = 10% per annum. Compound interest means the interest is calculated on the amount at the beginning of each year.

Question 41History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

Which Satavahana ruler is credited with the title 'Dakshinapathapati' and is celebrated in the Nasik inscription of his mother Gautami Balashri?

  1. Hala
  2. Gautamiputra Satakarni Correct answer.
  3. Yajna Sri Satakarni
  4. Simuka

Explanation

The Nasik prasasti records the achievements of Gautamiputra Satakarni, describing him as the lord of the southern region who defeated the Sakas and restored Satavahana power. His mother Gautami Balashri commissioned the record.

Question 42History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

The Buddhist stupa at Amaravati, a landmark of Andhra art, is associated with which school of sculpture known for its limestone reliefs?

  1. Pala school
  2. Gandhara school
  3. Amaravati school Correct answer.
  4. Mathura school

Explanation

The Amaravati school developed under Satavahana patronage and is distinguished by its white limestone narrative reliefs and dynamic figures. It is treated as one of the major early Indian sculptural traditions alongside Gandhara and Mathura.

Question 43History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

Which Kakatiya queen is famous for endowing the Thousand Pillar Temple at Hanamkonda?

  1. Mailamba
  2. Rani Mangammal
  3. Rudrama Devi
  4. Rudramadevi Mahadevi Correct answer.

Explanation

Rudramadevi Mahadevi, wife of Kakatiya Ganapati Deva, is credited with the construction of the Thousand Pillar Temple at Hanamkonda. The temple is a key example of Kakatiya architecture with its star-shaped plan.

Question 44History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

The Golconda fort and the Qutb Shahi tombs are chiefly associated with which dynasty's rule in the Deccan?

  1. Adil Shahi
  2. Mughal
  3. Bahmani
  4. Qutb Shahi Correct answer.

Explanation

The Qutb Shahi dynasty ruled from Golconda and later Hyderabad, and its rulers built both the fortifications of Golconda and the royal necropolis of tombs nearby. These monuments define the Qutb Shahi architectural legacy in Andhra Pradesh.

Question 45History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

Which Chinese traveller visited the Andhra region and left an account of its Buddhist monasteries in the seventh century CE?

  1. I-Tsing
  2. Fa-Hien
  3. Hiuen Tsang Correct answer.
  4. Megasthenes

Explanation

Hiuen Tsang travelled through India in the seventh century and described monasteries and Buddhist centres in the Andhra country. His record is a major source for the religious geography of the Deccan in that period.

Question 46History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

The Srikakulam and Draksharamam temples, noted for their tall monolithic pillars and Chalukya-Chola style, belong to which group of Andhra temples?

  1. Badami cave temples
  2. Hoysala temples
  3. Pancharama temples Correct answer.
  4. Kakatiya temples

Explanation

The Pancharama temples are five Shaiva shrines in the Andhra delta region, including Draksharamam and Srikakulam, each enshrining a fragment of the Siva linga according to tradition. They are important examples of eastern Chalukya and Chola-period architecture.

Question 47History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

Which of the following was a major port of the Satavahana period on the Andhra coast, mentioned in Greco-Roman trade accounts?

  1. Tamralipti
  2. Bharukaccha
  3. Masulipatnam Correct answer.
  4. Arikamedu

Explanation

Masulipatnam, known in early accounts as Maisolia, was a significant port on the Andhra coast linked to Satavahana trade networks. Greco-Roman sources refer to this coastal region in connection with maritime commerce.

Question 48History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

The Gathasaptasati, a collection of Prakrit verses, is traditionally attributed to which Satavahana king?

  1. Pulumavi
  2. Sri Yajna Satakarni
  3. Hala Correct answer.
  4. Gautamiputra Satakarni

Explanation

Hala is traditionally credited with compiling the Gathasaptasati, an anthology of Maharashtri Prakrit verses on love and everyday life. The attribution is conventional rather than fully established historically.

Question 49History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

Which Chola ruler's campaigns brought the Andhra coastal region under Chola control in the eleventh century?

  1. Kulottunga Chola I
  2. Parantaka Chola I
  3. Rajendra Chola I Correct answer.
  4. Rajaraja Chola I

Explanation

Rajendra Chola I extended Chola power northwards and over the Andhra coast, and Chola inscriptions appear in the region as evidence of this expansion. His campaigns mark the high point of Chola influence in the eastern Deccan.

Question 50History and Cultural Heritage of India, with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

The Reddi kingdoms of Kondaveedu and Rajahmundry rose to prominence after the decline of which empire in the Andhra region?

  1. Vijayanagara
  2. Maurya
  3. Mughal
  4. Kakatiya Correct answer.

Explanation

After the fall of the Kakatiya kingdom to the Delhi Sultanate in the fourteenth century, several local powers emerged, including the Reddi kingdoms of Kondaveedu and Rajahmundry. They filled the political vacuum in coastal Andhra.