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Austrian Citizenship Test practice questions

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Question 1Austrian History

Which event is traditionally used to mark the beginning of the First Austrian Republic in 1918?

  1. The annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938
  2. The proclamation of the Republic on 12 November 1918 Correct answer.
  3. The founding of the Second Republic in 1945
  4. The signing of the State Treaty in 1955

Explanation

After the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy at the end of the First World War, the provisional national assembly proclaimed the Republic of German-Austria on 12 November 1918. This date is conventionally treated as the birth of the First Republic, which lasted until the authoritarian transformation of the 1930s and the Anschluss.

Question 2Austrian History

Who was the first federal chancellor of the Second Republic in 1945?

  1. Julius Raab
  2. Engelbert Dollfuß
  3. Karl Renner Correct answer.
  4. Leopold Figl

Explanation

Karl Renner, a Social Democrat and former state chancellor of the First Republic, formed a provisional government in April 1945 and served as the first chancellor of the Second Republic. Later that year he was elected federal president. Leopold Figl succeeded him as chancellor in December 1945.

Question 3Austrian History

In which year was the Austrian State Treaty signed, restoring Austria's full sovereignty?

  1. 1949
  2. 1961
  3. 1955 Correct answer.
  4. 1945

Explanation

The Austrian State Treaty was signed on 15 May 1955 in Vienna by the Allied occupying powers and Austria, and it entered into force later that year. It ended the four-power occupation and restored Austria as a fully sovereign state. The treaty also formed the basis for Austria's permanent neutrality.

Question 4Austrian History

What status did Austria adopt in 1955 shortly after the State Treaty came into force?

  1. A customs union with Germany
  2. Membership in NATO
  3. Permanent neutrality Correct answer.
  4. Integration into the Soviet bloc

Explanation

On 26 October 1955 the Austrian parliament passed the Constitutional Law on Neutrality, committing Austria to permanent neutrality. This status was a political condition surrounding the State Treaty and shaped Austria's foreign policy during the Cold War. The date is celebrated as Austria's national day.

Question 5Austrian History

Which dynasty ruled the Habsburg lands and later the Austrian Empire until 1918?

  1. The Wittelsbachs
  2. The Habsburgs Correct answer.
  3. The Hohenzollerns
  4. The Bourbons

Explanation

The House of Habsburg, later Habsburg-Lorraine after the marriage of Maria Theresa, ruled the Austrian hereditary lands for centuries. In 1804 the dynasty established the Austrian Empire, which lasted until the end of the First World War. The last emperor, Charles I, renounced participation in state affairs in November 1918.

Question 6Austrian History

The Austrian Empire was proclaimed in 1804 largely as a response to which development?

  1. The revolutions of 1848
  2. The outbreak of the First World War
  3. The unification of Germany in 1871
  4. The rise of Napoleon and the end of the Holy Roman Empire Correct answer.

Explanation

Francis II of Habsburg feared that Napoleon's restructuring of Germany would end the Holy Roman Empire, in which he held the imperial title. In 1804 he therefore proclaimed the hereditary Austrian Empire, and in 1806 he relinquished the Holy Roman imperial crown. This preserved his imperial rank under a new framework.

Question 7Austrian History

What was the main outcome of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867?

  1. The independence of Hungary from the Habsburgs
  2. The creation of a single centralized Austrian state
  3. The abolition of the monarchy
  4. The transformation of the empire into a dual monarchy Correct answer.

Explanation

The Compromise of 1867 converted the Austrian Empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. Hungary received its own parliament and government, while the monarch, foreign policy, and defence remained shared. This arrangement lasted until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918.

Question 8Austrian History

Which treaty concluded the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and pushed Austria out of German affairs?

  1. The Treaty of Prague of 1866 Correct answer.
  2. The Treaty of Versailles of 1919
  3. The Treaty of Vienna of 1815
  4. The Treaty of Saint-Germain of 1919

Explanation

After Austria's defeat at Königgrätz in 1866, the Peace of Prague ended the war with Prussia. Austria accepted the dissolution of the German Confederation and withdrew from German politics, clearing the way for Prussian-led unification. The treaty also had consequences for the Habsburg position in Hungary.

Question 9Austrian History

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914 is best described as which of the following?

  1. The cause of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise
  2. The start of the Austrian State Treaty negotiations
  3. The reason for the founding of the Second Republic
  4. The immediate trigger of the First World War Correct answer.

Explanation

The assassination of the heir to the Habsburg throne in June 1914 set off the July Crisis, culminating in Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia and the wider outbreak of the First World War. Historians distinguish this immediate trigger from deeper structural causes such as alliance systems and nationalism.

Question 10Austrian History

According to the Treaty of Saint-Germain of 1919, Austria was required to do which of the following?

  1. Cede its entire territory to Italy
  2. Accept the name German-Austria and unite with Germany
  3. Recognize the independence of successor states and accept territorial losses Correct answer.
  4. Join the League of Nations immediately

Explanation

The Treaty of Saint-Germain set the post-war settlement for the First Republic. Austria had to recognize the independence of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, and it lost territories such as South Tyrol and the Sudetenland. It also had to renounce union with Germany.

Question 11Austrian History

What did the Austrian corporatist regime of the 1930s, established under Engelbert Dollfuß, replace?

  1. The parliamentary democracy of the First Republic Correct answer.
  2. The Nazi administration of Austria
  3. The Allied occupation government
  4. The monarchy of the Habsburgs

Explanation

In 1933–34 Dollfuß suspended parliament and governed by decree, then established an authoritarian corporatist state often called the Ständestaat. This replaced the parliamentary democracy of the First Republic. The regime lasted until the Anschluss in 1938.

Question 12Austrian History

Which event in March 1938 ended Austria's independence and incorporated it into Nazi Germany?

  1. The Anschluss Correct answer.
  2. The July Putsch
  3. The proclamation of the Republic
  4. The signing of the State Treaty

Explanation

In March 1938 German troops entered Austria and the country was annexed to the German Reich in the event known as the Anschluss. A staged plebiscite was held under Nazi control. Austrian independence was not restored until 1945.

Question 13Austrian History

What was the purpose of the Moscow Declaration of 1943 regarding Austria?

  1. To divide Austria into occupation zones permanently
  2. To grant Austria immediate independence
  3. To establish Austria as a neutral state
  4. To declare the Anschluss null and void and treat Austria as the first victim of Nazi aggression Correct answer.

Explanation

The Moscow Declaration, signed by the Allies in 1943, stated that the annexation of Austria was null and void and described Austria as the first free country to fall victim to Nazi aggression. At the same time it noted Austrian responsibility for participation in the Nazi regime. This declaration shaped post-war Allied policy toward Austria.

Question 14Austrian History

The Austrian State Treaty of 1955 was signed by representatives of Austria and which group of powers?

  1. Only the United States and the Soviet Union
  2. The four Allied powers: the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, and France Correct answer.
  3. The United Nations Security Council
  4. The European Economic Community

Explanation

The State Treaty was concluded between the Austrian government and the four Allied occupying powers: the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France. These same powers had occupied Austria in zones after 1945. Their agreement ended the occupation and restored sovereignty.

Question 15Austrian History

What did Austria's declaration of permanent neutrality in 1955 legally commit the country to?

  1. Not joining military alliances and not permitting foreign military bases on its territory Correct answer.
  2. Adopting the currency of a neighbouring state
  3. Allowing foreign troops to be stationed permanently
  4. Joining a Western military alliance

Explanation

The Constitutional Law on Neutrality commits Austria to refrain from joining military alliances and from permitting the establishment of foreign military bases on its territory. It also obliges Austria to defend its neutrality if necessary. This status was a condition of the State Treaty settlement.

Question 16Austrian History

Which political system characterized the Second Republic in its early decades, based on cooperation between the two main parties?

  1. One-party rule
  2. Direct democracy without parties
  3. A return to monarchy
  4. The Proporz system of power-sharing Correct answer.

Explanation

In the Second Republic the two dominant parties, the Social Democrats and the People's Party, shared influence through a system often called Proporz. Key positions and institutions were divided according to party affiliation. This consociational arrangement helped stabilize the country after the conflicts of the First Republic.

Question 17Austrian History

Austria joined the European Union in which year?

  1. 1989
  2. 2007
  3. 2002
  4. 1995 Correct answer.

Explanation

Austria became a member of the European Union on 1 January 1995, following a referendum in 1994 in which a majority voted in favour. EU membership was compatible with Austria's neutrality because the EU was not a military alliance at the time. Austria later adopted the euro in 1999 as a book currency and in 2002 as cash.

Question 18Austrian History

What was the significance of the Austrian referendum of 1994?

  1. It approved joining the European Union Correct answer.
  2. It approved the State Treaty
  3. It rejected neutrality
  4. It restored the monarchy

Explanation

In June 1994 Austrian voters approved accession to the European Union in a national referendum. This vote paved the way for Austria to join the EU on 1 January 1995. It was one of the key popular decisions of the Second Republic.

Question 19Austrian History

Which emperor granted the Patent of Toleration in 1781, expanding religious freedoms in the Habsburg lands?

  1. Maria Theresa
  2. Joseph II Correct answer.
  3. Charles I
  4. Francis Joseph I

Explanation

Joseph II issued the Patent of Toleration in 1781, allowing Lutherans, Calvinists, and Orthodox Christians to practise their faith and hold certain offices. It was part of the broader reform programme of enlightened absolutism. Maria Theresa had been his predecessor and mother.

Question 20Austrian History

What was the main purpose of the Congress of Vienna in 1814–1815?

  1. To divide Austria into occupation zones
  2. To reorganize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars and restore a balance of power Correct answer.
  3. To establish the Austrian Republic
  4. To create the European Union

Explanation

The Congress of Vienna brought together European powers to reshape the continent after Napoleon's defeat. It aimed to restore monarchies, redraw borders, and create a balance of power that would prevent renewed French domination. Austria, under Metternich, played a leading role in the settlement.

Question 21Austrian History

Which statesman dominated Austrian foreign policy at the Congress of Vienna and in the following decades?

  1. Bruno Kreisky
  2. Engelbert Dollfuß
  3. Leopold Figl
  4. Klemens von Metternich Correct answer.

Explanation

Klemens von Metternich served as Austrian foreign minister and later state chancellor, shaping the conservative order established at the Congress of Vienna. His system of congresses and alliances sought to suppress revolutionary movements across Europe. He was forced from office during the revolutions of 1848.

Question 22Austrian History

The Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia in July 1914 was significant because it

  1. ended the system of alliances in Europe
  2. created the Dual Monarchy
  3. directly led to the outbreak of the First World War Correct answer.
  4. established the League of Nations

Explanation

The ultimatum issued to Serbia after the Sarajevo assassination contained demands that were difficult to accept in full. Serbia's partial rejection and Austria-Hungary's subsequent declaration of war triggered the alliance system and the wider conflict. This chain of events made the ultimatum a decisive step toward the First World War.

Question 23Austrian History

Why is the year 1945 considered a turning point in Austrian history?

  1. It marked the end of the Second World War and the re-establishment of the Austrian Republic Correct answer.
  2. It marked the granting of the Patent of Toleration
  3. It marked the founding of the Austrian Empire
  4. It marked Austria's accession to the European Union

Explanation

In April 1945 the provisional government under Karl Renner declared the re-establishment of the Republic of Austria, and the end of the war in May 1945 ended Nazi rule. Austria then faced a decade of Allied occupation. The year thus marks both liberation and the beginning of the Second Republic.

Question 24Austrian History

Which statement best explains why Austria's neutrality was compatible with its later EU membership?

  1. Austria formally abandoned neutrality before joining
  2. The EU was not a military alliance, so membership did not violate the neutrality law Correct answer.
  3. The neutrality law was repealed in 1994
  4. The EU required members to leave all other organizations

Explanation

Austria's neutrality law prohibits joining military alliances and hosting foreign military bases, but the European Union was primarily an economic and political community rather than a military alliance. Austria therefore joined in 1995 without formally renouncing neutrality. Later participation in EU security structures has been debated but is generally distinguished from alliance membership.

Question 25Austrian History

What was the historical significance of the Austrian National Day, celebrated on 26 October?

  1. It commemorates the end of the Habsburg monarchy
  2. It commemorates the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain
  3. It commemorates the adoption of the Constitutional Law on Neutrality Correct answer.
  4. It commemorates the Anschluss

Explanation

Austria's national day falls on 26 October, the date on which the Constitutional Law on Neutrality was adopted in 1955. The day is linked to the restoration of sovereignty and the country's neutral status. It is not a commemoration of the monarchy or of the Anschluss.

Question 26Austrian History

Which dynasty ruled the Habsburg Monarchy and later the Austrian Empire for centuries until 1918?

  1. The Bourbon dynasty
  2. The Wittelsbach dynasty
  3. The Habsburg dynasty Correct answer.
  4. The Hohenzollern dynasty

Explanation

The House of Habsburg, later Habsburg-Lorraine after the marriage of Maria Theresa, provided the rulers of the Austrian lands from the late Middle Ages until the end of the monarchy in 1918. The other families ruled elsewhere in Europe and never held the Austrian crown lands as their principal base.

Question 27Austrian History

In which year did the First World War begin, the conflict that ultimately led to the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy?

  1. 1908
  2. 1918
  3. 1912
  4. 1914 Correct answer.

Explanation

The First World War broke out in the summer of 1914 after the assassination in Sarajevo and the ensuing July Crisis. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in late July 1914, drawing the great powers into the conflict.

Question 28Austrian History

Which document issued by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1861 established a constitutional framework for the Austrian Empire?

  1. The February Patent Correct answer.
  2. The October Diploma
  3. The December Constitution
  4. The Pillersdorf Constitution

Explanation

The February Patent of 1861 was a constitution granted by Franz Joseph that created a central parliament, the Reichsrat, while retaining considerable imperial authority. It replaced the earlier October Diploma and shaped Austrian politics until the Compromise with Hungary.

Question 29Austrian History

Which reform introduced by Emperor Joseph II in 1781 improved the legal position of peasants in the Habsburg lands?

  1. The serfdom patent Correct answer.
  2. The Patent of Toleration
  3. The general civil code
  4. The abolition of the guild system

Explanation

Joseph II's serfdom patent of 1781 reduced the personal dependence of peasants and limited the obligations they owed to landlords. It was part of his broader programme of enlightened absolutist reform aimed at strengthening the state and improving rural conditions.

Question 30Austrian History

The Revolution of 1848 in Vienna led most directly to which outcome?

  1. The abdication of Ferdinand I and accession of Franz Joseph Correct answer.
  2. The permanent establishment of a republic
  3. The accession of Ferdinand I
  4. The abdication of Franz Joseph

Explanation

The upheavals of 1848 forced Emperor Ferdinand I to abdicate in December of that year, and his young nephew Franz Joseph succeeded him. The revolution was ultimately suppressed, but the change of monarch was one lasting result of the crisis.

Question 31Austrian History

Which Austrian chancellor is associated with the policy of 'splendid isolation' and the alliance with Germany concluded in 1879?

  1. Eduard Taaffe
  2. Gyula Andrássy Correct answer.
  3. Klemens von Metternich
  4. Karl Renner

Explanation

Gyula Andrássy, foreign minister of Austria-Hungary, negotiated the Dual Alliance with the German Empire in 1879. This treaty bound the two empires to mutual support in the event of an attack by Russia and became a cornerstone of Austrian foreign policy.

Question 32Austrian History

What was the principal consequence of the Ausgleich with Hungary for the internal structure of the monarchy?

  1. It granted full independence to Croatia
  2. It abolished the monarchy and established a federation of republics
  3. It divided the monarchy into two states with separate parliaments Correct answer.
  4. It created a single centralized parliament for all crown lands

Explanation

The Compromise of 1867 transformed the empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, with separate parliaments and governments in Vienna and Budapest. The two halves were linked by a shared monarch and joint ministries for foreign affairs, defence and finance.

Question 33Austrian History

Which cultural and scientific institution was founded in Vienna in 1811 as part of the Habsburg educational reforms?

  1. The Austrian Academy of Sciences
  2. The University of Vienna
  3. The Vienna Technical College Correct answer.
  4. The Joanneum in Graz

Explanation

The Vienna Polytechnic Institute, founded in 1811, was one of the earliest technical colleges in Central Europe and reflected the Habsburg state's interest in applied science and engineering. It later developed into the present Technical University of Vienna.

Question 34Austrian History

Which political movement gained mass support in Vienna around 1900 under the leadership of Karl Lueger?

  1. German National Movement
  2. Christian Social Party Correct answer.
  3. Pan-Slavic Movement
  4. Social Democratic Workers' Party

Explanation

Karl Lueger led the Christian Social Party to electoral dominance in Vienna at the turn of the century and served as mayor from 1897. The party combined Catholic social teaching with populist appeals and shaped urban politics in the late Habsburg era.

Question 35Austrian History

The Austrian Republic proclaimed in November 1918 was initially led by which political figure as state chancellor?

  1. Engelbert Dollfuß
  2. Ignaz Seipel
  3. Arthur Seyss-Inquart
  4. Karl Renner Correct answer.

Explanation

Karl Renner, a Social Democrat, became the first state chancellor of the German-Austrian Republic in 1918 and headed the provisional government. He later played a comparable role again in 1945, making him a central figure in both republics.

Question 36Austrian History

What did the Austrian Civil War of February 1934 primarily involve?

  1. A conflict between Austria and Italy over South Tyrol
  2. A war between Austria and Hungary over Burgenland
  3. A peasant uprising against the nobility
  4. Armed clashes between government forces and the Social Democratic Schutzbund Correct answer.

Explanation

In February 1934 government forces, backed by the Heimwehr, suppressed the Republican Schutzbund, the paramilitary arm of the Social Democrats. The fighting marked the end of parliamentary democracy and consolidated the authoritarian corporatist regime.

Question 37Austrian History

Which organization was Austria forced to join economically after the Anschluss of 1938?

  1. The League of Nations
  2. The German Reich and its war economy Correct answer.
  3. The European Coal and Steel Community
  4. The Austro-Hungarian customs union

Explanation

After the Anschluss, Austria was incorporated into the German Reich and its economy was subordinated to German planning and rearmament. Austrian industry and labour were mobilized for the Nazi war effort, and the country lost its separate economic identity.

Question 38Austrian History

Which Allied power occupied Vienna and the surrounding zone after 1945, alongside the United States, Britain and France?

  1. Yugoslavia
  2. The Soviet Union Correct answer.
  3. Italy
  4. Poland

Explanation

Austria was divided into four occupation zones after the Second World War, controlled by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France. Vienna itself was similarly divided into four sectors, and the Soviet presence was the most prolonged obstacle to a treaty.

Question 39Austrian History

Why did the Soviet Union agree to sign the Austrian State Treaty in 1955?

  1. It sought to gain a base on the Adriatic
  2. It wanted to keep troops in Vienna permanently
  3. It hoped to secure Austrian neutrality and prevent NATO membership Correct answer.
  4. It was forced to do so by a United Nations resolution

Explanation

Moscow linked the withdrawal of its troops to a commitment that Austria would remain permanently neutral, thereby keeping Austria out of the Western alliance system. The treaty and the neutrality declaration were therefore part of a broader Cold War bargain rather than a simple act of goodwill.

Question 40Austrian History

Which development in the 1960s reflected Austria's efforts to engage with the process of European integration despite its neutrality?

  1. Joining the Warsaw Pact
  2. Membership in the European Free Trade Association Correct answer.
  3. Founding the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
  4. Accession to the European Communities

Explanation

Austria joined the European Free Trade Association in 1960, using a trade arrangement compatible with its neutrality rather than full membership in the European Communities. This step allowed economic cooperation with Western Europe without the political commitments of the EEC.

Question 41Austrian Politics and Constitution

Wie viele Bundesländer hat die Republik Österreich?

  1. Sieben
  2. Neun Correct answer.
  3. Zehn
  4. Acht

Explanation

Österreich ist ein Bundesstaat und besteht aus neun Bundesländern: Burgenland, Kärnten, Niederösterreich, Oberösterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg und Wien. Diese Gliederung ist in Artikel 2 des Bundes-Verfassungsgesetzes festgelegt. Jedes Bundesland besitzt einen eigenen Landtag und eine Landesregierung.

Question 42Austrian Politics and Constitution

Welches Organ beschließt auf Bundesebene die Gesetze?

  1. Der Nationalrat gemeinsam mit dem Bundesrat Correct answer.
  2. Der Verfassungsgerichtshof
  3. Die Landeshauptleutekonferenz
  4. Der Bundespräsident allein

Explanation

Die Bundesgesetzgebung liegt beim Nationalrat und, bei bestimmten Materien mit Zustimmung oder Einspruchsmöglichkeit, beim Bundesrat. Beide Kammern bilden zusammen den Bundesgesetzgebungsprozess. Der Bundespräsident fertigt Gesetze lediglich aus, beschließt sie aber nicht selbst.

Question 43Austrian Politics and Constitution

Wer wird in Österreich direkt vom Volk zum Staatsoberhaupt gewählt?

  1. Der Vizekanzler
  2. Der Bundeskanzler
  3. Der Bundespräsident Correct answer.
  4. Der Präsident des Nationalrates

Explanation

Der Bundespräsident wird nach Artikel 60 des Bundes-Verfassungsgesetzes unmittelbar vom Bundesvolk gewählt. Die Amtszeit beträgt sechs Jahre, eine einmalige Wiederwahl ist möglich. Der Bundeskanzler und die Minister werden hingegen vom Bundespräsidenten bestellt.

Question 44Austrian Politics and Constitution

Was bezeichnet man in Österreich als Bundesrat?

  1. Den Rat der Bundesminister unter Vorsitz des Kanzlers
  2. Die Versammlung aller Landeshauptleute
  3. Ein beratendes Gremium des Bundespräsidenten
  4. Die zweite Kammer des Parlaments mit Vertretern der Bundesländer Correct answer.

Explanation

Der Bundesrat ist die Länderkammer des österreichischen Parlaments. Seine Mitglieder werden von den Landtagen entsandt und vertreten die Interessen der Bundesländer bei der Bundesgesetzgebung. Er ist nicht mit der Bundesregierung oder einem Beratungsgremium des Staatsoberhaupts zu verwechseln.

Question 45Austrian Politics and Constitution

In welcher Stadt hat der Nationalrat seinen Sitz?

  1. Graz
  2. Linz
  3. Salzburg
  4. Wien Correct answer.

Explanation

Der Nationalrat tagt im Parlamentsgebäude in Wien, dem Sitz der Bundesgesetzgebung. Wien ist zugleich Bundeshauptstadt und selbst ein Bundesland. Die anderen genannten Städte sind Landeshauptstädte ohne Sitz des Nationalrates.

Question 46Austrian Politics and Constitution

Welche Staatsform beschreibt die österreichische Bundesverfassung?

  1. EinenStändestaat
  2. Eine bundesstaatliche Republik Correct answer.
  3. Eine konstitutionelle Monarchie
  4. Eine präsidiale Republik

Explanation

Artikel 1 des Bundes-Verfassungsgesetzes bestimmt Österreich als demokratische Republik und als Bundesstaat. Das Staatsoberhaupt wird gewählt, nicht durch Erbfolge bestimmt. Die Kompetenzen sind zwischen Bund und Ländern aufgeteilt.

Question 47Austrian Politics and Constitution

Wie heißt die Verfassung der Republik Österreich?

  1. Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz Correct answer.
  2. Staatsgrundgesetz von 1867
  3. Verfassungsurkunde von Kremsier
  4. Bundesstatut

Explanation

Das Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG) von 1920 in der geltenden Fassung bildet den Kern der österreichischen Bundesverfassung. Es regelt die Organe des Bundes, die Kompetenzverteilung und die Grundrechte. Das Staatsgrundgesetz von 1867 gilt nur mehr in Teilen weiter.

Question 48Austrian Politics and Constitution

Welche Aufgabe hat der Rechnungshof?

  1. Er ernennt die Mitglieder der Bundesregierung
  2. Er kontrolliert die Gebarung von Bund, Ländern und Gemeinden Correct answer.
  3. Er vertritt Österreich bei der Europäischen Union
  4. Er beschließt den jährlichen Bundesvoranschlag

Explanation

Der Rechnungshof prüft die finanzielle Gebarung der öffentlichen Körperschaften und berichtet darüber dem Nationalrat. Er ist ein unabhängiges Kontrollorgan und nicht Teil der Regierung. Der Bundesvoranschlag wird hingegen vom Nationalrat beschlossen.

Question 49Austrian Politics and Constitution

Welche Mehrheit ist im Nationalrat für eine einfache Gesetzesänderung grundsätzlich erforderlich?

  1. Eine Dreiviertelmehrheit
  2. Eine einfache Mehrheit der abgegebenen Stimmen Correct answer.
  3. Eine Zweidrittelmehrheit
  4. Einstimmigkeit

Explanation

Für einfache Bundesgesetze genügt die Mehrheit der abgegebenen Stimmen bei Anwesenheit von mindestens einem Drittel der Abgeordneten. Verfassungsgesetze und bestimmte Materien benötigen hingegen eine Zweidrittelmehrheit. Die Geschäftsordnung regelt die Details des Abstimmungsverfahrens.

Question 50Austrian Politics and Constitution

Ein Bundesland möchte eine Angelegenheit regeln, die in der Verfassung ausdrücklich dem Bund zugewiesen ist. Wie ist die Rechtslage?

  1. Das Land ist zuständig, wenn der Bund nicht widerspricht
  2. Das Land ist nicht zuständig, weil die Kompetenz beim Bund liegt Correct answer.
  3. Das Land darf die Regelung erlassen, weil Länderrechte vorgehen
  4. Das Land darf regeln, wenn der Landtag einstimmig zustimmt

Explanation

Die Kompetenzverteilung zwischen Bund und Ländern ergibt sich aus den Artikeln 10 bis 15 des Bundes-Verfassungsgesetzes. Eine ausdrückliche Bundeskompetenz schließt eine landesgesetzliche Regelung derselben Materie aus. Ein Landtag kann eine solche Zuständigkeit auch nicht durch Beschluss an sich ziehen.