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ATC practice questions

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Question 1Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

What is the primary purpose of the preparticipation physical examination (PPE)?

  1. To screen for conditions that raise injury risk Correct answer.
  2. To measure maximal aerobic capacity for training
  3. To satisfy state coaching certification requirements
  4. To determine varsity starting status for the season

Explanation

The PPE is a screening tool whose main goal is detecting medical and musculoskeletal conditions that could increase the risk of injury or sudden death. It also establishes a health baseline and creates an opportunity for counseling on prevention topics.

Question 2Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Best practice recommends that an athlete's PPE be completed at what point relative to the first practice?

  1. Within 24 hours of the first practice
  2. At any point during the first week of practice
  3. The morning of the first practice
  4. About 6 weeks before the first practice Correct answer.

Explanation

Completing the examination roughly six weeks before the season allows time for follow-up visits, referrals, and treatment of any findings before activity begins. This interval also avoids the crowding and rushed evaluations typical of last-minute screenings.

Question 3Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

In young competitive athletes, which condition is the most commonly identified cause of sudden cardiac death?

  1. Pericarditis
  2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Correct answer.
  3. Coronary artery disease
  4. Aortic valve stenosis

Explanation

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the leading identified structural cause of sudden cardiac death in adolescents and young adults who compete in sports. Other causes include congenital coronary anomalies, ion channel disorders, and myocarditis.

Question 4Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Under the 30-30 lightning rule, activity is suspended when thunder follows a flash within 30 seconds and may resume how long after the last thunder is heard?

  1. 10 minutes
  2. 20 minutes
  3. 5 minutes
  4. 30 minutes Correct answer.

Explanation

A flash-to-bang interval of 30 seconds or less places lightning within about 6 miles, so play should stop and shelter be sought. Activity should not restart until 30 minutes have passed since the last thunder, because the final strike of a storm can occur well after rain ends.

Question 5Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

For sports carrying the highest risk of dental trauma, which mouthguard type is recommended?

  1. Boil-and-bite guard formed at home
  2. Stock ready-to-wear guard from a retail store
  3. Custom-fabricated from a dental impression Correct answer.
  4. Any guard with a helmet attachment strap

Explanation

Custom guards made from a dental impression fit best, are more comfortable, and interfere less with breathing and speech, which improves consistent wear. Stock and boil-and-bite guards are acceptable alternatives but provide inferior fit and retention.

Question 6Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which practice most effectively reduces transmission of infectious skin disease among athletes?

  1. Hand hygiene with soap and water or alcohol sanitizer Correct answer.
  2. Wiping shared equipment with a dry towel between users
  3. Wearing the same practice jersey for several sessions
  4. Using the same water bottle for the entire practice

Explanation

Hand hygiene interrupts the contact route by which bacteria and fungi move from skin, equipment, and surfaces to new hosts. It should be paired with prompt showering and routine disinfection of shared items.

Question 7Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Federal physical activity guidelines recommend that adults obtain at least how much moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week?

  1. 60 minutes
  2. 150 minutes Correct answer.
  3. 90 minutes
  4. 300 minutes

Explanation

Adults should accumulate at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (or 75 minutes of vigorous activity) weekly plus muscle-strengthening work on two or more days. Doubling to 300 minutes yields additional health benefit but is not the minimum threshold.

Question 8Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends how much nightly sleep for adolescents aged 13 to 18 years?

  1. Fewer than 7 hours
  2. 8 to 10 hours Correct answer.
  3. 9 to 12 hours
  4. 7 to 8 hours

Explanation

Adolescents need 8 to 10 hours per night for growth, learning, mood regulation, and recovery. Short sleep in this age group is associated with higher injury rates and poorer sport performance.

Question 9Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

A football player with sickle cell trait faces hot, humid preseason conditioning. Which strategy best reduces the risk of exertional sickling?

  1. Modify conditioning with rest breaks and hydration Correct answer.
  2. Require maximal-effort sprints to build tolerance fast
  3. Restrict the athlete from all team conditioning
  4. Give supplemental oxygen before each practice

Explanation

Sickling is triggered by sustained intense exertion, dehydration, heat, and altitude, so paced work with frequent rest and aggressive hydration is protective. Athletes with sickle cell trait can participate fully once these modifications are in place.

Question 10Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which measure is preferred for quantifying environmental heat stress during an outdoor practice?

  1. Ambient air temperature alone
  2. Wind chill index
  3. Wet-bulb globe temperature Correct answer.
  4. Relative humidity alone

Explanation

Wet-bulb globe temperature integrates dry-bulb temperature, humidity, and radiant heat from the sun, yielding a better estimate of heat strain than any single reading. Guidelines for practice modification and equipment use are commonly keyed to WBGT.

Question 11Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which fluid replacement practice best supports performance during a 90-minute practice in the heat?

  1. Relying on thirst alone to determine intake
  2. Avoiding fluids to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort
  3. Drinking to limit body mass loss to about 2% or less Correct answer.
  4. Consuming only fluids containing added sodium during activity

Explanation

Keeping the body mass deficit below roughly 2% of pre-exercise weight preserves thermoregulation and performance. Individual sweat rates vary widely, so weighing before and after sessions is more reliable than thirst.

Question 12Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

How long does progressive heat exposure typically require for meaningful acclimatization before preseason competition?

  1. 3 to 5 days
  2. 21 to 28 days
  3. 10 to 14 days Correct answer.
  4. 1 to 2 days

Explanation

Most adaptations, including plasma volume expansion and earlier, less salty sweating, develop over 10 to 14 days of gradual heat exposure. Preseason guidelines therefore phase in equipment and practice duration across the first two weeks.

Question 13Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

A female cross-country runner reports amenorrhea, chronically low energy intake, and a history of stress fractures. Which condition best fits this presentation?

  1. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome
  2. Relative energy deficiency in sport Correct answer.
  3. Iron deficiency anemia
  4. Exercise-induced bronchospasm

Explanation

Relative energy deficiency in sport, which encompasses the former female athlete triad, results from low energy availability and produces menstrual dysfunction, impaired bone health, and multisystem effects. Management centers on increasing energy intake and reducing exercise load.

Question 14Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which marking on a football helmet indicates the model has met voluntary performance standards for head protection?

  1. ANSI Z87.1
  2. NOCSAE seal Correct answer.
  3. OSHA approval
  4. ISO 9001

Explanation

The NOCSAE seal certifies that a helmet model has passed standardized drop testing for concussion protection. Helmets must also be reconditioned only within manufacturer limits and replaced after significant impacts.

Question 15Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which measure is most effective for limiting MRSA spread among wrestlers?

  1. Covering lesions with a bandage during competition
  2. Practicing on mats that are cleaned weekly
  3. Sharing towels only between teammates
  4. Daily mat disinfection and prompt showering Correct answer.

Explanation

MRSA spreads through skin-to-skin contact and contaminated surfaces, so routine disinfection of mats and immediate showering with soap after practice interrupt transmission. Covering lesions is also required but does not prevent contamination of shared equipment and partners.

Question 16Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which practice reflects standard precautions when blood is present during a contest?

  1. Waiting for blood to dry before cleaning surfaces
  2. Wearing gloves only when the athlete is known to be infected
  3. Rinsing blood from gloves and reusing them
  4. Treating all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious Correct answer.

Explanation

Standard precautions assume every blood or body fluid exposure carries risk regardless of known diagnosis, so barriers such as gloves are used for all exposures and hands are washed after glove removal. Contaminated gloves are single-use and discarded.

Question 17Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

What should an athlete with exercise-induced bronchospasm do before practice?

  1. Skip the warm-up to reduce airway irritation
  2. Avoid all aerobic conditioning permanently
  3. Breathe through the mouth to increase airflow
  4. Use a prescribed short-acting bronchodilator before exercise Correct answer.

Explanation

Pre-exercise use of a prescribed short-acting bronchodilator, combined with a prolonged gradual warm-up, reduces bronchoconstriction in most athletes with exercise-induced bronchospasm. Asthma should be controlled so activity can continue rather than restricted.

Question 18Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

An athlete develops hives, wheezing, and falling blood pressure minutes after a bee sting. What is the first-line treatment?

  1. Oral activated charcoal
  2. Oral diphenhydramine
  3. Intramuscular epinephrine Correct answer.
  4. Inhaled albuterol

Explanation

Intramuscular epinephrine injected into the vastus lateralis is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and must be given immediately while emergency medical services are activated. Antihistamines and bronchodilators are adjuncts that do not reverse airway edema or hypotension.

Question 19Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which action best prevents frostbite during a cold-weather competition?

  1. Consuming alcohol to promote warmth
  2. Vigorous massage of the affected skin
  3. Applying wet heat to numb extremities
  4. Keeping skin dry and covering exposed areas in layers Correct answer.

Explanation

Prevention relies on insulation, moisture management, wind protection, and limiting time outdoors in extreme cold. Wet clothing and wind accelerate heat loss and are major contributors to tissue freezing.

Question 20Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which observation most suggests an eating disorder in a high school athlete?

  1. Eating a large meal after a competition
  2. Gaining 1 kg during the off-season
  3. Skipping team meals with rapid weight loss Correct answer.
  4. Preferring to train alone occasionally

Explanation

Warning signs include preoccupation with weight and body image, secretive eating or meal skipping, rapid unexplained weight loss, and compulsive exercise beyond the training plan. Early referral to a physician and mental health professional improves outcomes.

Question 21Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

A marathon runner finishes confused and nauseated with a body mass 2 kg above pre-race weight. Which condition is most likely?

  1. Exertional heat stroke with hypernatremia
  2. Hypoglycemia from glycogen depletion
  3. Hyponatremia from excessive hypotonic fluid intake Correct answer.
  4. Dehydration from inadequate fluid replacement

Explanation

Weight gain across a race indicates fluid intake exceeded losses, diluting serum sodium and producing exercise-associated hyponatremia with nausea, headache, and confusion. Treatment is fluid restriction and, in severe cases, hypertonic saline.

Question 22Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which cluster of signs should raise suspicion for exertional sickling during a conditioning drill?

  1. Sudden unilateral leg pain with swelling
  2. Gradual onset of runny nose and sneezing
  3. Cramping, weakness, and inability to continue Correct answer.
  4. Wheezing that responds promptly to an inhaled bronchodilator

Explanation

Exertional sickling causes muscle ischemia with weakness, cramping, and collapse that is out of proportion to the effort and does not resolve with routine rest and fluids. It is a medical emergency requiring cessation of activity, oxygen, and cooling.

Question 23Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which effect is most consistently associated with long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid use?

  1. Reduced risk of tendon rupture
  2. Cardiomyopathy and adverse lipid changes Correct answer.
  3. Decreased resting blood pressure
  4. Improved aerobic endurance

Explanation

Long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid use is linked to left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy, dyslipidemia with depressed HDL, hypertension, and psychiatric disturbance. Strength gains come at substantial cardiovascular and other health cost, and these agents are prohibited in sport.

Question 24Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

A wrestler plans to lose 4 kg in three days by restricting fluids to make weight. What is the most appropriate response?

  1. Endorse the plan if weigh-in is followed by rehydration
  2. Recommend gradual weight loss under medical supervision Correct answer.
  3. Allow it if the athlete feels well during practice
  4. Suggest sauna use to accelerate the weight loss

Explanation

Rapid dehydration impairs thermoregulation, cardiovascular function, and performance and raises the risk of heat illness and kidney injury. Safe weight management uses gradual loss, body composition assessment, and hydration monitoring with medical oversight.

Question 25Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

An athlete with type 1 diabetes has a pre-practice blood glucose of 60 mg/dL. What should be done first?

  1. Begin practice and monitor symptoms during warm-up
  2. Administer an extra dose of insulin before exercise
  3. Consume fast-acting carbohydrate, then recheck glucose Correct answer.
  4. Have the athlete drink water and rest for 10 minutes

Explanation

A glucose value below 70 mg/dL is hypoglycemia and should be treated with roughly 15 to 20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, followed by a recheck in about 15 minutes before activity begins. Glucagon is indicated if the athlete becomes unresponsive or cannot swallow.

Question 26Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which component of the preparticipation physical examination most often identifies conditions that limit safe athletic participation?

  1. Measurement of height, weight, and blood pressure
  2. Inspection of the skin for rashes
  3. Vision screening with a Snellen chart
  4. Personal and family medical history Correct answer.

Explanation

The personal and family history is the component that most often uncovers cardiovascular, neurologic, and other conditions affecting safe participation. Height, weight, vision, and skin findings are useful adjuncts but detect far fewer limiting conditions.

Question 27Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Under the 30-30 rule, when may outdoor practice resume after thunder has been heard?

  1. Immediately once the rain stops
  2. When the sky clears to the east
  3. Thirty minutes after the last thunder is heard Correct answer.
  4. Ten minutes after lightning is last seen

Explanation

The 30-30 rule holds that lightning risk persists for 30 minutes after the last thunder, so activity should not resume before that interval has elapsed. Rain stopping or a clearing sky does not establish safety.

Question 28Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

During a suspected sudden cardiac arrest in the gym, when should the AED be applied?

  1. Only after EMS arrives and assumes care of the athlete
  2. After the athlete has been moved onto a stretcher
  3. After five full cycles of chest compressions are completed
  4. As soon as it arrives, pausing CPR for analysis Correct answer.

Explanation

Early defibrillation is the strongest determinant of survival, so the AED is retrieved and applied as soon as possible while CPR is paused only briefly for rhythm analysis and shock delivery. Delaying application for compression cycles or transport reduces survival.

Question 29Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which sunscreen practice best protects an athlete during a summer tournament?

  1. Applying a single thick layer before the first match
  2. Relying on shade breaks instead of sunscreen
  3. Using tanning oil with a low SPF to allow sweating
  4. Using SPF 30 or higher, reapplied every two hours Correct answer.

Explanation

Broad-spectrum sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher, reapplied about every two hours and after heavy sweating, is the recommended protection. A single application, tanning oils, and shade alone do not provide adequate ultraviolet protection.

Question 30Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

What is the primary purpose of a dynamic warm-up before practice?

  1. To replace the need for a cool-down afterward
  2. To fatigue the muscles so they adapt to training load
  3. To test maximal strength before the session begins
  4. To raise muscle temperature and prepare the joints Correct answer.

Explanation

A dynamic warm-up raises muscle and core temperature and prepares joints and connective tissue for the demands of the session. It is not a fatiguing workout, a strength test, or a substitute for a cool-down.

Question 31Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which action is the most effective way to limit influenza transmission through a team?

  1. Screening temperatures once at the start of the season
  2. Annual influenza vaccination of athletes and staff Correct answer.
  3. Disinfecting the locker room after each practice
  4. Sharing water bottles only between close friends

Explanation

Annual influenza vaccination of athletes and staff is the single most effective measure for limiting influenza transmission in team settings. One-time screening, bottle sharing, and surface disinfection do little to interrupt respiratory spread.

Question 32Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

An athlete competes at 3 p.m. Which pre-event meal is most appropriate?

  1. A protein-only shake 15 minutes before the start
  2. A high-carbohydrate meal at about 11 a.m. to noon Correct answer.
  3. A large fried meal at 2:30 p.m. for sustained energy
  4. No food after breakfast to limit gastrointestinal distress

Explanation

A carbohydrate-rich meal roughly three to four hours before competition supports glycogen availability while still allowing gastric emptying. Very late large meals, fasting, or a protein-only shake just before the start either cause distress or leave energy needs unmet.

Question 33Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

A female distance runner reports fatigue and slower times; ferritin is low-normal and hemoglobin is normal. What is the most appropriate action?

  1. Refer for evaluation of iron status and dietary intake Correct answer.
  2. Restrict training until hemoglobin falls below normal
  3. Advise high-dose iron supplements without further testing
  4. Reassure her that normal hemoglobin rules out iron deficiency

Explanation

Low ferritin with normal hemoglobin represents iron deficiency without anemia, which can impair endurance performance and warrants evaluation of iron status and diet. Reassurance, unmonitored high-dose supplementation, and waiting for anemia are all inappropriate.

Question 34Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which pattern in a training log most suggests nonfunctional overreaching?

  1. Heart rate dropping as fitness improves over weeks
  2. Motivation increasing as competition approaches
  3. Soreness that resolves within a day of easy training
  4. Resting heart rate rising while performance falls Correct answer.

Explanation

Nonfunctional overreaching is suggested by a rising resting heart rate together with declining performance despite continued training. Fitness gains lower resting heart rate, ordinary soreness resolves quickly, and rising motivation is not a warning sign.

Question 35Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

A 13-year-old plays one sport year-round and reports gradual knee pain. Which change best reduces overuse injury risk?

  1. Take two to three months off the sport each year Correct answer.
  2. Train through the pain until the season ends
  3. Increase weekly training volume to build resilience
  4. Add a second sport played in the same season

Explanation

Year-round single-sport participation during growth increases overuse injury risk, and two to three months away from the sport each year is recommended. Adding volume, stacking another same-season sport, or training through pain all increase risk.

Question 36Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

The air quality index is 165, in the unhealthy range, on a practice day. What is the most appropriate adjustment for healthy athletes?

  1. Cancel all activity for the entire week
  2. Keep practice outdoors but shorten it by ten minutes
  3. Hold the scheduled outdoor practice with no modifications
  4. Move training indoors or lower intensity and duration Correct answer.

Explanation

When the air quality index reaches the unhealthy range, healthy athletes should move training indoors or reduce intensity and duration. Proceeding unchanged or making token changes increases exposure, while week-long cancellation is excessive.

Question 37Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

An athlete mentions loss of interest in sport and persistent low mood for three weeks. What is the most appropriate initial action?

  1. Wait until the end of the season to see if it resolves
  2. Screen with a validated tool and refer as needed Correct answer.
  3. Tell the athlete to train harder to improve mood
  4. Assume the symptoms are from overtraining only

Explanation

Persistent low mood and loss of interest warrant screening with a validated instrument and referral when indicated. Advising harder training, watchful waiting, or attributing symptoms solely to overtraining can delay needed care.

Question 38Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which combination best supports bone health in an adolescent athlete?

  1. Adequate calcium intake and sufficient vitamin D Correct answer.
  2. Calcium supplements without weight-bearing exercise
  3. High protein intake alone with no dairy foods
  4. Restricted calories to keep body mass low

Explanation

Adequate calcium intake together with sufficient vitamin D supports bone mineral accrual during adolescence, especially when paired with weight-bearing activity. Protein without dairy, supplements in isolation, and calorie restriction do not build bone.

Question 39Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

What is the most effective way to keep a venue-specific emergency action plan ready for use?

  1. Store it in a binder in the athletic training room
  2. Rehearse it annually with all responders at the venue Correct answer.
  3. Review it individually at the start of each school year
  4. Post it on the school website for reference

Explanation

An emergency action plan is reliable only when rehearsed at the actual venue with everyone who might respond. Storing, posting, or individually reviewing the document does not build the coordination required during an emergency.

Question 40Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Two hours after a hard session, an athlete has another practice in six hours. Which intake best supports recovery?

  1. A caffeine supplement and a small snack
  2. Water only until the next meal
  3. A high-fat meal with no carbohydrate
  4. Carbohydrate with protein within the first hour Correct answer.

Explanation

Carbohydrate combined with protein within roughly the first hour after exercise promotes glycogen resynthesis and tissue repair when the next session is only hours away. Fat-only meals, water alone, or a stimulant do not meet recovery needs.

Question 41Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

An athlete with mononucleosis has no fever and feels more energetic but still has splenomegaly on examination. What is the correct return-to-play approach?

  1. Clear for noncontact conditioning but allow contact immediately
  2. Return to play once the athlete feels fully energetic
  3. Avoid contact until splenomegaly resolves, usually four weeks or more Correct answer.
  4. Clear for full contact once fever has been gone 24 hours

Explanation

Contact sports should be avoided until splenomegaly resolves, typically at least four weeks from symptom onset, because of the risk of splenic rupture. Resolution of fever or subjective energy alone does not permit contact.

Question 42Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

A lineman reports severe thigh pain and swelling with cola-colored urine after repeated sprints in heat. Which condition is most likely?

  1. A simple quadriceps strain
  2. Heat cramps from sodium loss
  3. Exertional rhabdomyolysis Correct answer.
  4. Delayed-onset muscle soreness

Explanation

Severe muscle pain and swelling with tea- or cola-colored urine after intense exertion in heat indicate exertional rhabdomyolysis and require urgent evaluation. Soreness, cramps, and a strain do not produce dark urine with marked swelling.

Question 43Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

Which condition is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young competitive athletes in the United States?

  1. Coronary artery disease
  2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Correct answer.
  3. Aortic dissection
  4. Myocarditis

Explanation

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most commonly identified cause of sudden cardiac death in young competitive athletes in the United States. Coronary artery disease predominates in older exercising populations.

Question 44Injury and Illness Prevention and Wellness Promotion

A team travels from sea level to 2,500 m for a tournament. Which strategy best reduces the risk of acute mountain sickness?

  1. Take a diuretic prophylactically before travel
  2. Begin intense training on arrival day to acclimatize quickly
  3. Ascend gradually and keep the first 1-2 days light Correct answer.
  4. Consume extra alcohol to improve sleep at altitude

Explanation

Gradual ascent with one to two days of light activity at the new altitude best limits acute mountain sickness. Intense training on arrival, prophylactic diuretics, and alcohol all worsen symptoms.

Question 45Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis

Using the HOPS format for an initial injury evaluation, which component comes immediately after History?

  1. Palpation
  2. Special tests
  3. Observation Correct answer.
  4. Intervention

Explanation

HOPS stands for History, Observation, Palpation, and Special tests, in that order. Observation follows the history and precedes palpation.

Question 46Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis

Which dermatome corresponds to the thumb and index finger?

  1. C8
  2. C5
  3. C7
  4. C6 Correct answer.

Explanation

The C6 dermatome covers the lateral forearm, thumb, and index finger. C5 covers the lateral arm, C7 the middle finger, and C8 the little finger.

Question 47Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis

Which myotome is tested by great toe extension?

  1. L5 Correct answer.
  2. L4
  3. S2
  4. S1

Explanation

Great toe extension is produced by the extensor hallucis longus, which is primarily innervated by the L5 nerve root. L4 tests ankle dorsiflexion and S1 tests ankle plantarflexion.

Question 48Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis

Which range best represents a normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult?

  1. 60 to 100 beats/min Correct answer.
  2. 20 to 40 beats/min
  3. 40 to 60 beats/min
  4. 100 to 120 beats/min

Explanation

A normal adult resting heart rate is generally accepted as 60 to 100 beats per minute. Values below 60 indicate bradycardia and above 100 indicate tachycardia.

Question 49Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis

Which special test is most appropriate for assessing the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament?

  1. McMurray test
  2. Lachman test Correct answer.
  3. Valgus stress test
  4. Thompson test

Explanation

The Lachman test evaluates anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur and is highly sensitive for ACL injury. The McMurray test assesses meniscal pathology and the valgus stress test assesses the MCL.

Question 50Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis

A positive Phalen test is most suggestive of which condition?

  1. Dupuytren contracture
  2. Carpal tunnel syndrome Correct answer.
  3. Cubital tunnel syndrome
  4. de Quervain tenosynovitis

Explanation

The Phalen test reproduces median nerve compression symptoms by flexing the wrists, supporting a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. de Quervain tenosynovitis is assessed with the Finkelstein test.