Shampooing, Conditioning and Scalp Treatments
Why this domain matters
Shampooing is often a client's most tactile experience of your skill. Questions test technique, product selection, water temperature, massage safety and aftercare advice.
Core concepts to know
Understand the purpose of shampoo (cleansing sebum, product and debris) and conditioner (restoring moisture, smoothing the cuticle, improving manageability). Know the difference between clarifying, moisturising and balancing products, and how to choose based on hair type and scalp condition. Learn correct basin setup: clean towels, correct water temperature (lukewarm, not hot), comfortable neck support, and protecting the client's face and clothing. Master massage movements - effleurage and petrissage - and know which areas to avoid or treat gently, particularly the temples and any tender or inflamed scalp. Understand contraindications such as open wounds, recent chemical burns or contagious scalp conditions. Know how to apply and remove conditioning and scalp treatments, and how to give aftercare advice.
Traps in exam questions
Watch for hot water presented as beneficial (it strips oils and irritates the scalp), and for vigorous massage on an inflamed scalp. Questions may ask about the correct order - cleanse, condition, treat, rinse - or about product removal. Another trap is recommending a heavy conditioner for fine hair or a clarifying shampoo for a dry, sensitive scalp.
Rule of thumb
Match the product to the scalp first, then the hair - a healthy scalp supports healthy hair.
Worked example
A client with an oily scalp and dry ends needs a balancing shampoo on the scalp and a light conditioner on the mid-lengths and ends only, applied after rinsing the shampoo thoroughly.