Knots, Hitches, and Sling Configurations
Hitch Types
Vertical, choker, and basket hitches are the core configurations. A vertical hitch uses full capacity; a choker typically derates to about 80% of vertical; a basket hitch can double capacity only when the legs are truly vertical and the load is not pinched. Two-leg and multi-leg bridles further reduce capacity by angle. A candidate must know that a choker hitch tightens around the load, a basket cradles it, and a vertical hitch hangs straight down.
Knots and Their Uses
Rigging knots are chosen for security and ease of untying: the bowline forms a fixed loop that will not slip under load; the clove hitch secures a line to a post but can slip under variable load; the timber hitch grips a log and tightens as load increases; the sheet bend joins two ropes of unequal diameter. Knots reduce rope strength - a bowline retains roughly 60-75% of rope strength, so knotted rope must be derated.
Sling Protection and Configuration
Edge protection, softeners, and spreader bars prevent damage. Never choke a sling on a sharp corner without protection. Avoid slings crossing or bearing on each other. Keep the load balanced so the center of gravity lies under the hook.
Traps
Distractors include using a basket hitch on a load that could roll, or assuming a choker hitch preserves full capacity. Also watch for questions that show a knot in a sling - knots in slings are prohibited.
Rule of Thumb
Use the bowline for a loop that must not slip, the timber hitch for logs, and the sheet bend to join unequal ropes. Derate knotted rope by at least 25%.