Outdoor Skills and Safe Practices
Core concepts
Activity-specific technical skill rests on three layers: the movement or craft skill itself (paddling strokes, belay technique, navigation by map and compass), the equipment knowledge that supports it, and the judgement that decides when to use it. Planning and preparation means a written trip plan: route, timings, escape options, group capabilities, weather forecast, emergency contacts and a communication plan. Risk management distinguishes hazard (the source of harm), risk (the likelihood and consequence of harm) and risk acceptability. Use the hierarchy of control: eliminate the hazard, substitute, engineer (barriers, marked tracks), administrate (rules, briefings, permits) and finally personal protective equipment such as helmets and lifejackets, which is the least reliable control because it depends on human compliance.
First aid and emergency response
Know the DRSABCD sequence, the difference between a first aid kit for a day walk and an expedition kit, and how to improvise splints and shelters. Understand evacuation decision-making: stabilise, shelter, signal, then move only if staying is more dangerous. Hypothermia and heat illness are covered in Domain 6 but belong in every emergency plan.
Traps in questions
Questions often ask for the first action rather than the best long-term action, or reward the highest level of control rather than the most convenient one. Another common trap is confusing a hazard with a risk, or treating a lifejacket as a primary control for drowning. Watch for scenarios where the correct answer is to stop, reassess and turn back.
Rule of thumb
Ask three questions before any activity: what can hurt us, what would we do if it did, and who has the skill and authority to make that call? If any answer is missing, the plan is not finished.