Constitutional Law of Azerbaijan
Foundations
A candidate must know the structure of the 1995 Constitution: the preamble and general provisions, fundamental human and civil rights, the division of powers, the status of the President, the Milli Majlis (parliament), the Cabinet of Ministers, the judiciary, the Commissioner for Human Rights (Ombudsman), and the Constitutional Court. Understand the hierarchy of norms: the Constitution, then constitutional laws, then ordinary laws, then presidential decrees and Cabinet resolutions, then municipal acts. Treaties ratified by Azerbaijan prevail over conflicting domestic legislation but cannot contradict the Constitution.
Institutions and traps
Know the term of the Milli Majlis, the number of deputies, how the President is elected, and the impeachment procedure. Traps: confusing constitutional laws with ordinary laws (a constitutional law requires a qualified majority), confusing the Constitutional Court's abstract review with concrete review of individual complaints, and assuming the Ombudsman can annul acts (it cannot; it recommends). Also watch questions on the status of Nakhchivan as an autonomous republic.
Rights and limitations
Rights may be restricted only by law, for specified aims (public order, national security, health, rights of others), and proportionally. Certain rights (life, dignity, freedom from torture) are non-derogable even in a state of emergency or martial law.
Rule of thumb
When a question asks whether an act is valid, climb the hierarchy: if a lower norm contradicts a higher one, the higher norm prevails and the lower act is void to that extent.