Labor and Social Security Law
Labor law
Know the employment contract: conclusion, form, probation, modification, and termination. Distinguish termination by the employee, by the employer (with exhaustive statutory grounds), and by agreement. Understand working time and rest, annual leave, wages and their protection, disciplinary measures, and material liability of the parties. Know the role of the trade union and collective agreements, and the rules on labor disputes.
Social security
Understand pensions (age, disability, survivor), compulsory state social insurance, benefits, and the contributory principle. Know the categories of insured persons and the calculation of contributions by employer and employee.
Traps
Common traps: assuming an employer may dismiss on any ground (grounds are exhaustive and must be documented); confusing disciplinary sanctions with material liability; and forgetting that termination procedures require notice, reasons, and sometimes union involvement. In social security, watch questions on the qualifying period and on the difference between social insurance benefits and social assistance.
Rule of thumb
For any dismissal scenario, check: is there a statutory ground, is it documented, was the procedure followed, and was notice given? If any element fails, the dismissal is unlawful and reinstatement may follow.