Cargo Securement, Weight Distribution, and Load Limits
Securement Basics
Cargo must be secured so it cannot shift, fall, or spill. Use tiedowns, straps, chains, and blocking. The number and strength of tiedowns depend on the weight and length of the cargo. For heavy articles, use a working load limit that meets or exceeds the requirement, and inspect tiedowns for wear before each trip. Traps: questions about the minimum number of tiedowns, and whether a tarp alone counts as securement (it does not).
Weight Distribution
Weight must be distributed so no axle is overloaded and the vehicle stays stable. Too much weight on the rear axle can lift the front wheels and reduce steering control. Too much on the front can overload the steer axle. Load heavy items low and centered, and check axle weights at a scale. Know the difference between gross vehicle weight, gross combination weight, and axle weight limits.
Load Limits
Federal and state limits apply to gross weight and axle weight. Oversize or overweight loads require permits. Traps: confusing gross vehicle weight rating with actual weight, and assuming a permit allows any weight.
Worked Example
If a load shifts rearward during a trip, the steer axle may become light and steering may feel vague. Stop and redistribute the load before continuing.