Transporting Cargo Safely
Why cargo matters
Improperly secured cargo causes crashes, and inspectors check it. The test focuses on weight limits, securement, and load distribution.
Concepts to master
- Axle and gross weight limits must not be exceeded; know the difference between gross vehicle weight and gross combination weight.
- Securement: Cargo must be tied down so it cannot shift. Use at least one tiedown per 10 feet of cargo length, with a minimum of two. The working load limit of the tiedowns must total at least half the cargo weight.
- Headache rack and front-end structure protect the cab from shifting loads.
- Load distribution: Keep the center of gravity low and centered. Too much weight on the rear axle lightens the steering axle, causing poor steering.
- Covering: Loads that could blow off, such as sand or gravel, must be covered.
Traps
Questions ask whether a single tiedown is enough for short cargo (it may be, if under 5 feet and 1,100 pounds), or whether you can exceed axle ratings (never). Another trap: shifting cargo is the driver's responsibility to check within the first 50 miles and every 150 miles or 3 hours thereafter.
Worked example
A 20-foot load of lumber weighs 8,000 pounds. Minimum tiedowns = 20 ÷ 10 = 2, but the aggregate working load limit must be at least 4,000 pounds (half the cargo weight). If each strap is rated 1,500 pounds, two straps give only 3,000 pounds - you need three straps (4,500 pounds).
Rule of thumb
Heavy on the bottom, light on top, and check your load before you roll.