Global Governance, Security and Peacekeeping
Governance architecture
Global governance is the sum of institutions, regimes, norms and networks managing transboundary problems without central authority. Know the difference between governance and government, the role of regimes (Krasner), transnational advocacy networks, public-private partnerships, and the fragmentation/forum-shopping problem. Key arenas: UNSC and peace operations, G7/G20, WTO, IMF, World Bank, FATF, and climate and health regimes.
Security concepts
Distinguish traditional (state-centric, military) from non-traditional security: human security, energy, food, water, cyber, health pandemics, and maritime security. Understand collective security (UN Charter), collective defence (NATO Art. 5), and cooperative security. Know peace operation generations: first-generation (truce monitoring), multidimensional (post-Cold War), robust (Chapter VII), and stabilization/hybrid missions. Discuss the Brahimi Report, protection of civilians, and sexual exploitation and abuse safeguards.
Bangladesh's niche
Bangladesh is among the largest troop- and police-contributing countries, with a doctrine emphasising peacebuilding and community engagement. This links to its broader narrative of responsible multilateralism and climate-security advocacy.
Traps
Questions blur collective security with collective defence, or claim peacekeeping is enforcement. Peacekeeping requires host consent; enforcement does not. Do not equate human security with human rights - the former is a security framing, the latter a legal regime.
Rule of thumb
For any security crisis, classify the threat (state or non-state, traditional or non-traditional), identify the mandated institution, then test whether the response is consent-based or coercive.