Transport Operations and Logistics
Core concepts
This domain covers the planning and execution of transport operations. Understand route planning, load optimisation, and the choice of transport mode. Know the documents used in transport: the consignment note (CMR), the delivery note, the packing list, and the invoice. Understand the role of the freight forwarder, the carrier, the consignor and the consignee, and the flow of information between them.
Logistics and operations
Know the concepts of just-in-time, supply chain management, warehousing, and the total cost of logistics. Understand the rules on loading and unloading responsibilities, the delivery terms (Incoterms), and the handling of claims and returns. Know the importance of traceability and the use of telematics.
Traps
Questions often confuse the roles of the parties, or the Incoterms that determine who bears the risk and cost at each stage. Another trap is the CMR consignment note: it is not a document of title, unlike a bill of lading. Watch for questions on delivery terms where the risk passes at a point different from the cost.
Worked rule of thumb
When a question asks who bears the risk during carriage, check the Incoterm: under CIF the seller bears the cost and freight but risk passes on shipment; under DAP the seller bears risk until delivery at destination. Always identify the point of transfer.