Emergencies, Collisions and Defensive Driving
Defensive driving means anticipating hazards rather than reacting to them. Scan far ahead, check mirrors regularly, keep space around the car and have an escape route in mind. Watch for clues such as brake lights several cars ahead, pedestrians near the kerb, or a ball rolling into the road. In poor visibility, slow down and use lights appropriately. Never drive so fast that you cannot stop within the distance you can see to be clear.
If a collision occurs, stop, switch off the engine, turn on hazard lights and make the scene safe. Do not move injured people unless there is immediate danger such as fire. Call emergency services, give first aid within your ability, and exchange names, addresses, insurance and vehicle details with the other party. You must report the collision to police if there are injuries, if anyone fails to give details, or as required by law. Do not admit fault at the scene; report facts to your insurer.
Common emergencies include brake failure, a burst tyre, skidding and aquaplaning. If a tyre bursts, hold the wheel firmly, ease off the accelerator and let the car slow gradually; do not brake hard. In a skid, ease off the accelerator and steer gently in the direction you want to go, avoiding harsh braking. If brakes fail, pump the pedal, change down through the gears and use the handbrake gently.
Traps include thinking you should always move an injured person, or that you may leave the scene of a minor collision. Another trap is braking hard during a blowout.
Rule of thumb: stop, secure, call, exchange, report. Stay calm and never leave the scene.