Software and Applications
What you must know
Software splits into system software (operating systems, utilities, device drivers) and application software (word processors, spreadsheets, browsers, graphics packages). Know what an operating system does: memory management, process scheduling, file management, input/output control, user interface and security. Distinguish off-the-shelf from bespoke software, and proprietary from open-source licensing. Understand interfaces (GUI vs command line), utility programs (antivirus, backup, disk defragmenter) and the idea of software compatibility and updates.
Traps candidates fall into
- Calling an operating system an application - it manages hardware for applications.
- Confusing open-source (source code available, often free) with freeware (free of charge but closed source).
- Assuming bespoke software is always better: it fits exactly but costs more and needs ongoing support.
- Forgetting that device drivers let the OS communicate with hardware.
- Ignoring that GUI is easier for beginners while a CLI gives precise control and can be scripted.
Rule of thumb
Ask "does it run the computer or does it do a user task?" System software runs the machine; application software does the user's work.
Worked example
A small shop needs accounting software. Off-the-shelf is cheaper, quicker to deploy and well tested, but may include unused features. Bespoke fits exact needs but costs more and takes longer. Recommend off-the-shelf with justification about cost, time and support.