Clothing and Textiles: Fibres, Fabrics and Garment Care
Core concepts
Candidates must classify fibres as natural (cotton, linen, wool, silk) or man-made (regenerated such as viscose; synthetic such as polyester and nylon). For each, know origin, properties, absorbency, strength, elasticity, heat sensitivity and appropriate use. Understand yarn and fabric construction: weaving (warp and weft, plain, twill and satin weaves), knitting (more stretch) and non-woven fabrics. Learn the meaning of fabric finishes such as mercerising, shrinkage control and water repellency. Know care labelling symbols and laundering rules: sorting by colour and fabric, correct water temperature, detergent choice, rinsing, drying methods and ironing temperatures. Understand stain removal principles (blot, do not rub; treat promptly; use the correct solvent) and simple repairs such as darning, patching and replacing fastenings.
Traps in questions
Do not describe viscose as fully synthetic; it is regenerated from plant cellulose. Do not say wool is strong when wet; it felts and shrinks with heat and agitation. Remember that polyester dries quickly because it absorbs little moisture, but this makes it uncomfortable in heat. When asked to choose a fabric, always link the property to the purpose, not just the name.
Worked example
A question asks which fabric suits school shirts for a hot climate and why. Rule of thumb: match absorbency and comfort to climate, then consider durability and care. Cotton is absorbent, cool, washable and takes starch and heat well, so it suits shirts; polyester is durable and quick-drying but less absorbent, so a cotton-polyester blend balances comfort with easy care.