Map, Graph and Source Interpretation Skills
Essential Skills
You need to interpret maps (scale, symbols, direction, grid references), graphs (bar, line, pie, population pyramids), and sources (primary and secondary, bias, reliability). Key concepts include latitude and longitude, map keys, trends, correlation, and drawing conclusions. Always read titles, labels, and units carefully.
Common Traps
- Ignoring the scale: A large-scale map shows small areas in detail; a small-scale map shows large areas with less detail.
- Misreading pie charts: Percentages must add to 100; compare slices carefully.
- Assuming correlation means causation: Two variables may rise together without one causing the other.
- Not checking the source: Consider who made it, when, and why.
Worked Example
Question: A line graph shows Botswana's diamond production rising from 1980 to 2000 and then leveling off. What can you conclude? Answer: Diamond production increased significantly in the 1980s and 1990s but stabilized after 2000. This suggests maturity in the mining sector. However, the graph alone does not explain why; you would need additional information about global demand, mining capacity, or government policy.
Rule of Thumb
Use T-A-L-K: Title, Axes, Labels, Key. Always check these before answering.