Defensive Driving and Hazard Awareness
Thinking ahead
Defensive driving means assuming other road users may make mistakes and planning for them. Scan 12-15 seconds ahead, check mirrors every few seconds, and keep an escape route in mind. Watch for hidden hazards: a parked car may pull out, a ball may roll into the road followed by a child, and a stopped bus may release passengers.
Hazard perception
Identify hazards early, decide on a response, and act smoothly. In rain, reduce speed and increase following distance; in fog, use low beams and slow down. At night, dip headlights for oncoming traffic. If a vehicle tailgates, do not brake sharply; ease off and let it pass when safe.
Traps
- Questions may describe a 'safe' driver who still fails to check a blind spot; blind spots are a common exam theme.
- A hazard is not only what you see; it includes what you cannot see, such as a driveway hidden by a wall.
- Do not assume a green light means the way is clear; check for red-light runners.
Worked example
Approaching a row of parked cars, you notice a brake light flicker. Treat it as a hazard: slow slightly, cover the brake, and prepare to stop if the car pulls out.