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Question 1Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During the pre-trip inspection of a tanker, you should confirm that each dome (manhole) cover is:
- closed with a gasket that seals tightly Correct answer.
- locked only when the tank is empty
- left open so vapors can escape
- painted with the name of the last cargo
Explanation
Dome covers seal the top of each compartment so liquid cannot splash out and vapors cannot escape while you drive. A cover that is open or has a cracked, missing, or misaligned gasket will leak product and allow flammable vapors to escape. Check that the cover sits flat, that the gasket is in good condition, and that the locking device holds it firmly shut.
Question 2Tanker Vehicle Inspection
A tanker with a smooth, unbaffled tank is loaded to about half its capacity. How will the liquid most likely behave while you drive?
- It will stay still because the tank is only half full.
- It will move side to side but never forward or backward.
- It will surge with changes in speed. Correct answer.
- It will flow only when the tank is completely full.
Explanation
A smooth, unbaffled tank gives the liquid nothing to push against, so it slides forward when you brake and back when you accelerate. This surge can push the truck into an intersection when you stop and can make steering feel unstable. With a partial load the surge is stronger than with a full tank, so slow down and leave extra stopping distance.
Question 3Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Tankers have a higher center of gravity than most other vehicles, so a driver should:
- slow down before curves and turns Correct answer.
- keep the tank as full as possible at all times
- add extra air to the tires before each trip
- take curves at or above the posted speed to keep momentum
Explanation
A loaded tank puts much of its weight high above the road, so the vehicle tips over at lower cornering speeds than a van or flatbed. Slowing down before you enter a curve or turn keeps the load from shifting outward and rolling the truck. Do not wait until you are in the curve to brake, since braking and turning together increases rollover risk.
Question 4Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Before driving a loaded tanker, you should check the emergency shutoff valve to make sure it:
- is closed and operates smoothly Correct answer.
- shows the date of the last cargo delivery
- is wired open so it cannot close accidentally
- is removed and stored in the cab
Explanation
The emergency shutoff valve seals the tank outlet so cargo cannot escape if a line, hose, or fitting is torn away. It must be closed while you drive and must close fully when the remote handle or control is used. Test that the control moves freely and that the valve seats tightly, and have any sticking or leaking valve repaired before you move the vehicle.
Question 5Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Before loading a flammable liquid into a tanker, you should:
- stand on top of the tank to watch the liquid level
- leave the dome cover open so fumes can vent
- fill as fast as possible to reduce the time vapors can escape
- ground the tank and keep the nozzle in contact with the fill opening Correct answer.
Explanation
Flowing liquid generates static electricity, and a spark near flammable vapors can cause a fire or explosion. Grounding the tank and keeping the fill nozzle in contact with the opening lets the charge drain away safely. Keep the dome cover closed as much as possible and do not stand on the tank where you could slip or fall.
Question 6Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When filling a tanker, leaving an outage (empty space) in each compartment:
- makes the truck easier to steer at highway speed
- removes the need for baffles in the tank
- allows the liquid room to expand as it warms Correct answer.
- increases the amount of cargo you can legally haul
Explanation
Liquid expands as its temperature rises, and a tank filled to the top has nowhere to put the extra volume. Leaving an outage gives the cargo room to expand so it does not overflow through the dome cover or put stress on the tank. Fill only to the level marked for the product, and never top off a compartment that is already full.
Question 7Tanker Vehicle Inspection
What is the main job of baffles inside a tanker?
- to separate cargo that has different placards
- to keep the cargo cool during long trips
- to let air into the tank while it is being filled
- to slow the forward and backward movement of liquid Correct answer.
Explanation
Baffles are walls with holes that break up the flow of liquid inside a compartment. They reduce, but do not eliminate, the surge that pushes a truck forward when you brake and back when you accelerate. Baffles do not separate products and do not control the temperature of the cargo.
Question 8Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During the inspection you find a small drip at a fitting on the tank's discharge piping. What should you do?
- Note it on the report and finish the trip as planned
- Keep the vehicle out of service until the leak is repaired Correct answer.
- Tighten the fitting with a wrench and drive on
- Wait until the drip becomes a steady stream before reporting
Explanation
Any leak from a cargo tank or its piping means the vehicle is not safe to drive and must be placed out of service. A small drip can turn into a steady stream once the tank is heated or the truck is moving, and the cargo may be hazardous. Report the leak and have a qualified repair facility fix it before the tank is loaded or moved.
Question 9Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Why does a tanker require a more careful check of tires, wheels, and suspension than a dry van?
- The high center of gravity and moving liquid put extra stress on them. Correct answer.
- Tanker axles use a different bolt pattern than dry van axles.
- Tanker tires carry less weight per axle than dry van tires.
- The tank shell is lighter, so the suspension works harder.
Explanation
A tanker carries its weight high and the cargo shifts as the vehicle moves, so tires, wheels, and suspension parts take changing loads and stress. A failed tire or broken spring on a high-center-of-gravity vehicle is far more likely to end in a rollover. Check inflation, tread, lug nuts, and suspension parts closely before every trip.
Question 10Tanker Vehicle Inspection
A cracked bulkhead between two compartments is dangerous mainly because:
- it prevents the dome covers from sealing
- it makes the tank heavier than its rated gross weight
- it lets the tank's air pressure drop below the legal limit
- cargo can move between compartments and change how the load shifts Correct answer.
Explanation
Bulkheads are the walls that separate one compartment from another. A crack lets product leak from one compartment into the next, which changes the weight distribution and the amount of liquid that can surge. It can also cause an overflow when you load, so a cracked or damaged bulkhead must be repaired before hauling cargo.
Question 11Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During the pre-trip inspection of a cargo tank, you should check the specification plate to confirm that it is:
- removed during loading
- stored inside the cab
- covered with fresh paint
- attached and readable Correct answer.
Explanation
The specification plate shows the tank's design limits and must stay attached and legible for inspectors and loading personnel. If it is missing or cannot be read, the tank should not be loaded until the problem is fixed.
Question 12Tanker Vehicle Inspection
You find that the vent for one compartment on your tanker is plugged. Why is this a concern?
- It will change the required placards for the load.
- It will make the liquid surge more gently.
- It will prevent the dome cover from being latched.
- It can create pressure or vacuum inside. Correct answer.
Explanation
Vents let air enter or escape as liquid is loaded, unloaded, or expands with temperature. A plugged vent can cause pressure or vacuum that may damage the tank or force product out.
Question 13Tanker Vehicle Inspection
How should you inspect the hoses and couplings on a tanker before driving?
- Check for cracks, bulges, leaks, or loose fittings. Correct answer.
- Rely on the shop's annual inspection.
- Check them only after the first delivery.
- Spray them with water to check the color.
Explanation
Hoses and couplings carry the product and are exposed to wear, so the driver must check them during the pre-trip inspection. Cracks, bulges, wet spots, and loose fittings can lead to a spill or a sudden failure.
Question 14Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During inspection, you find a deep dent in the tank shell near a weld. What is the safest course of action?
- Cover the dent with a warning sticker.
- Continue and watch it during the trip.
- Load only half the usual amount.
- Stop and have maintenance inspect it. Correct answer.
Explanation
A deep dent near a weld can weaken the shell and may lead to a crack or leak under load. Only qualified maintenance can judge whether the tank is safe, so do not load it until it has been inspected.
Question 15Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When checking the grounding cable before unloading a flammable liquid, you should make sure it:
- has a loose clamp so it can be removed quickly.
- is wrapped around a painted handrail.
- is connected to a clean metal ground point. Correct answer.
- is long enough to reach the cab.
Explanation
Grounding drains static electricity before flammable vapor is exposed. The connection must be to clean bare metal so electricity can flow, and the cable and clamp must be in good condition.
Question 16Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Before unloading a tanker, why should you set the parking brake and use wheel chocks?
- To make the discharge flow faster.
- To keep the truck from rolling. Correct answer.
- To keep the cargo at the right temperature.
- To reduce static electricity in the cargo.
Explanation
The driver often stands outside near valves and hoses during unloading. A rollaway can crush someone or tear a hose, so the parking brake and chocks provide two separate ways to hold the truck still.
Question 17Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When you inspect a cargo tank's pressure relief valve, you should make sure it is:
- free of obstructions and able to open. Correct answer.
- painted over to prevent rust.
- removed while the tank is empty.
- wired shut during transport.
Explanation
The pressure relief valve protects the tank from excessive internal pressure. Paint, ice, dirt, or a blocked outlet can keep it from opening, so it must be clean and free to operate.
Question 18Tanker Vehicle Inspection
A tanker last carried a corrosive chemical. Before loading a food-grade liquid, what should you confirm?
- That the dome covers are open.
- That the tank was rinsed with water once.
- That cleaning and cargo compatibility are confirmed. Correct answer.
- That the placards are clean and bright.
Explanation
Residue from a corrosive chemical can contaminate the new product or react with it. The tank must be cleaned to the required standard, and the new cargo must be compatible with the tank and any remaining residue.
Question 19Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During your inspection, you notice that the placards on the tank do not match the cargo being loaded. What is the main reason this must be corrected?
- Placards are only needed for empty tanks.
- Correct placards improve fuel mileage.
- Placards make the truck easier to see at night.
- Emergency responders need accurate hazard information. Correct answer.
Explanation
Placards warn firefighters, police, and other responders about the hazards of the cargo. If the placards are wrong, responders may use the wrong protective equipment or tactics at an incident.
Question 20Tanker Vehicle Inspection
What should you look for when inspecting the outside shell of a cargo tank?
- Loose lug nuts and brake shoes.
- Windshield wiper condition.
- Tire tread depth and air pressure.
- Cracks, dents, corrosion, and signs of leaks. Correct answer.
Explanation
The tank shell is the main barrier that holds the product. Cracks, deep dents, heavy corrosion, or wet and weeping spots can show a loss of strength or a leak, so they must be reported before loading.
Question 21Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When you inspect the brackets and bolts that hold a cargo tank to the truck frame, you should confirm that they are:
- snug enough to let the tank shift slightly on the frame
- lubricated so the tank can move as it warms up
- tight and free of cracks, rust damage, or missing parts Correct answer.
- replaced with new hardware at every pre-trip inspection
Explanation
Loose, cracked, or missing tank mounts let the tank shift, chafe against the frame, or break away during a hard stop or a turn. Every bolt, bracket, and strap must be tight, complete, and free of cracks or heavy rust before the vehicle is driven.
Question 22Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During the walk-around inspection, you should check the tanker's ladder, walkway, and handholds to make sure they are:
- removable so the tank can be loaded from the ground
- secure, clean, and free of grease or loose parts Correct answer.
- flexible enough to absorb vibration while driving
- painted with a reflective coating for night work
Explanation
Falls from the top of a tank are a leading injury, so climbing and walking surfaces must be solid and free of slick material. Broken steps, loose handholds, or greasy walkways should be reported and repaired before you climb with a hose or a sample.
Question 23Tanker Vehicle Inspection
The fire extinguisher carried on a tanker must be checked to confirm that it is:
- stored in the cab within easy reach of the driver's seat
- fully charged, securely mounted, and within its inspection date Correct answer.
- wrapped so that it stays clean until it is needed
- the largest size the bracket will hold
Explanation
A tanker's extinguisher must be charged, in working order, and held firmly in its bracket where it can be grabbed quickly. The gauge and service tag show whether the unit still has pressure and whether its required inspection and maintenance are current.
Question 24Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Your tanker has a high-level overfill sensor in each compartment. What should you do with it during the pre-trip inspection?
- Test it only after the tank has been filled to capacity
- Disconnect it so that a slow load will not set off the alarm
- Check the sensor and wiring, then test the alarm Correct answer.
- Wipe the probe clean with the product that will be loaded
Explanation
The overfill sensor warns you before a compartment runs over, so a damaged probe or a cut wire takes away that protection. Inspect the sensor head and its wiring for damage, then test the alarm the way your company's procedures require before any product goes in.
Question 25Tanker Vehicle Inspection
While checking a dome hatch, you should look at the spill dam (coaming) around the opening for:
- cracks or holes that would let spilled product drain away Correct answer.
- enough height to keep rain out of the compartment
- paint that matches the rest of the tank shell
- a drain hole that lets rain water run off the deck
Explanation
The dam around a dome opening is there to catch the small amount of product that escapes when a cover is opened or a line is broken. Cracks, rust-through, or an extra drain hole let that liquid run down the tank and onto the road, so such damage must be repaired.
Question 26Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Why should you check that the pipes and fittings under a tanker are clamped and supported?
- So the piping can flex freely as the tank heats and cools
- Because clamps must be loosened before the tank is loaded
- So the lines can be removed quickly during unloading
- Because unsupported pipe can vibrate, crack, and start leaking Correct answer.
Explanation
Piping that hangs loose or has missing clamps vibrates with the truck and can fatigue-crack at welds and fittings. A crack in product piping lets cargo or vapor escape, so every support and clamp must be present and tight.
Question 27Tanker Vehicle Inspection
You look into an empty compartment before loading and see loose rust scale and grit on the bottom. What should you do?
- Load anyway, since the product will flush the debris out
- Keep it empty until the tank is cleaned and inspected Correct answer.
- Load only half of the compartment so the scale stays settled
- Rinse the compartment with the product after it is loaded
Explanation
Loose scale, grit, or rust means the tank is not clean and that the shell or lining may be breaking down. The cargo would be contaminated and the debris can damage pumps, valves, and meters, so the tank must be cleaned and checked before it is loaded.
Question 28Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During the pre-trip inspection, the pump and power take-off (PTO) on a tanker should be checked to confirm that:
- the PTO engages and disengages properly and nothing leaks Correct answer.
- the pump turns freely by hand with the engine running
- the PTO can be engaged while the truck is moving at highway speed
- the PTO shaft is left disconnected to save wear
Explanation
A PTO that will not engage or will not release, or a pump that drips, can leave you unable to unload or can spill product at the customer's site. Check the controls, the shaft, and the pump housing for damage and leaks before you drive.
Question 29Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Before anyone enters a cargo tank to inspect or clean the interior, the first requirement is to:
- test and ventilate the space under a permit with a standby person Correct answer.
- have a coworker hold the ladder at the dome opening
- wait until the tank has been placarded for the product
- run the truck's pump so that fresh air is pulled through the tank
Explanation
A tank interior is a confined space where product vapor, low oxygen, or residue can kill an entrant within moments. The space must be tested, ventilated, and entered only under a permit with an attendant, communications, and rescue equipment in place.
Question 30Tanker Vehicle Inspection
You find that the outlet valve for one compartment will not close completely. What is the safest course of action?
- Load the compartment to half capacity so less can leak
- Load it and leave the manifold cap off to relieve pressure
- Leave that compartment empty and have the valve repaired Correct answer.
- Load the compartment but leave the dome cover partly open
Explanation
A valve that will not seat lets product move from the compartment into the piping, where it can leak or be released when you least expect it. That compartment stays empty until the valve is repaired and tested, and the defect should be reported.
Question 31Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During the pre-trip inspection, you look at the cargo tank's test and inspection markings. You should confirm that the markings:
- match the hazard class shown on the placards
- are written in the same language as the bill of lading
- list the name of the shipper and consignee
- show that required tests are current for that tank Correct answer.
Explanation
Cargo tanks must carry markings showing that required periodic inspections and tests have been completed and are still valid. During the pre-trip inspection, verify the markings are legible and the dates have not expired. Expired or missing test markings mean the tank should not be loaded.
Question 32Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When you inspect the inside of a compartment that has surge baffles, you should check the baffles for:
- cracks, bends, or loose mountings Correct answer.
- the owner's name stamped on each panel
- a measurement of the liquid depth
- a fresh coat of protective paint
Explanation
Baffles and bulkheads help control the movement of liquid, which affects vehicle stability. Inspect them for cracks, deformation, and loose or broken attachments. A damaged baffle can allow excessive surge and may fail in transit.
Question 33Tanker Vehicle Inspection
You are checking the top fittings of a cargo tank. The overturn protection around the fittings should be:
- adjusted to fit the tallest dome hatch
- painted a bright warning color
- removed before loading
- secure and free of cracks or bends Correct answer.
Explanation
Overturn protection is designed to protect valves and fittings if the tank rolls over. It must be structurally sound and securely attached. Cracked, bent, or missing protection leaves fittings vulnerable to damage and release of product.
Question 34Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Before driving a tanker, you check the internal emergency shutoff valves. These valves should:
- be locked in the open position at all times
- close fully and work from their remote controls Correct answer.
- be removed for cleaning after each trip
- open only when the engine is running
Explanation
Internal emergency shutoff valves must be able to stop the flow of product from a compartment. Check that each valve closes fully and that its remote control operates properly. A valve that sticks open can make an uncontrolled release worse.
Question 35Tanker Vehicle Inspection
While inspecting the piping under a tanker, you notice unused outlets on the manifold. What should be in place on these outlets?
- A second valve handle for each outlet
- Open valves to let air circulate
- Paper tags showing the last load
- Caps or plugs installed tightly Correct answer.
Explanation
Unused manifold outlets must be capped or plugged so product cannot escape during loading, travel, or unloading. Check that caps and plugs are present, undamaged, and tight. Missing caps can lead to leaks and spills.
Question 36Tanker Vehicle Inspection
You are inspecting the rear underride guard on a tanker. You should make sure it is:
- made of the same metal as the cargo tank
- raised above the level of the tank outlet
- covered with reflective tape on all sides
- securely attached and not cracked or bent Correct answer.
Explanation
The rear underride guard helps prevent smaller vehicles from going under the tank in a collision. It must be securely mounted and free of cracks, bends, or missing parts. A damaged guard may not provide protection and should be repaired before driving.
Question 37Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When you open a dome hatch during inspection, you should look at the hatch gasket and confirm that it is:
- the same color as the hatch cover
- coated with a light film of cargo
- loose enough to allow pressure to escape
- flexible, intact, and not cracked Correct answer.
Explanation
The dome hatch gasket seals the opening so liquid and vapor do not escape. Inspect it for cracks, hardening, tears, or missing sections. A bad gasket can allow leaks and may prevent the hatch from sealing properly.
Question 38Tanker Vehicle Inspection
You are preparing to unload a flammable liquid into a storage tank. The bonding cable should be connected:
- after the first compartment has finished draining
- only when the receiving tank is made of bare metal
- to the truck battery negative terminal before unloading
- between the tanker and receiving tank before valves open Correct answer.
Explanation
Bonding connects the tanker and the receiving tank so they are at the same electrical potential. It must be done before any valve is opened, because flammable vapor can be present and static sparks can ignite it. The connection should remain in place until unloading is finished.
Question 39Tanker Vehicle Inspection
A tanker equipped for vapor recovery is being inspected before loading. You should check the vapor recovery hoses and fittings for:
- a larger diameter than the liquid hose
- paint that matches the cargo tank
- damage, leaks, and missing caps Correct answer.
- a label showing the last cleaning date
Explanation
Vapor recovery systems carry harmful vapors back to the storage tank instead of releasing them. Inspect hoses, couplings, and caps for cracks, leaks, or missing parts. A leaking vapor line can release hazardous vapors and may prevent proper loading.
Question 40Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During the walk-around inspection, you check the clearance between the cargo tank and the tires. You should confirm that:
- the tank and fenders do not contact the tires Correct answer.
- the tank sits lower than the top of the tires
- there is at least one inch of clearance for tools
- the tires lightly touch the fenders when the tank is loaded
Explanation
Tires, suspension, and fenders must not rub against the cargo tank or its fittings. Check for sufficient clearance with the vehicle loaded and unloaded, because suspension movement can change the gap. Contact can damage the tank or tires and may cause a leak.
Question 41Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During the walk-around inspection of a tanker, you should check the hazard placards to confirm that they are:
- printed in black on a white background
- secure, clean, and readable Correct answer.
- stored inside the cab until needed
- covered with clear plastic sheeting
Explanation
Hazard placards tell emergency responders what material is aboard and must be visible from the sides and rear. They must be securely mounted, clean, and legible, not hidden or improvised. Missing or unreadable placards are a serious violation.
Question 42Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When you inspect the exterior of the cargo tank shell, you should look for:
- the date on the registration sticker
- cracks, dents, and signs of leakage Correct answer.
- worn tread on the steering tires
- loose lug nuts on the trailer wheels
Explanation
The tank shell is the primary container for the product, so cracks, dents, or wet areas can indicate structural damage or a leak. Any suspected shell defect should be repaired and the tank retested before loading. Wheel and registration items belong to other parts of the inspection.
Question 43Tanker Vehicle Inspection
You are checking the rear of a tanker during the pre-trip inspection. The reflective tape and clearance lights should be:
- mounted only on the cab
- clean and working properly Correct answer.
- covered by the underride guard
- removed before loading
Explanation
Reflective tape and clearance lights help other drivers see the tanker at night and in low visibility. They must be clean, undamaged, and operating; tape should not be covered or removed for loading.
Question 44Tanker Vehicle Inspection
Before using a tanker's discharge hose, you should inspect it and reject it if it has:
- a label showing its pressure rating
- cuts, bulges, or soft spots Correct answer.
- a coupling made of metal
- been stored on a hose rack
Explanation
A discharge hose carries product under pressure, so cuts, bulges, or soft spots can lead to a rupture and spill. Check couplings and the hose body, and remove any damaged hose from service. A pressure-rating label and proper storage are good signs, not defects.
Question 45Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When checking a dome cover (manhole cover) on a cargo tank, you should confirm that the hinges and latches are:
- greased with edible lubricant
- left open for ventilation
- secure and free of cracks Correct answer.
- painted the same color as the tank
Explanation
Dome cover hinges and latches hold the cover tightly closed so liquid cannot escape and vapors stay contained. Cracked or loose hardware can let the cover open in transit. Color and lubrication with food-grade grease are not inspection criteria.
Question 46Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When you inspect the coupling between a tractor and a tanker trailer, you should confirm that the fifth-wheel jaws are:
- loose enough to swivel freely
- coated with heavy grease
- locked around the kingpin Correct answer.
- painted with reflective paint
Explanation
The fifth-wheel jaws must close and lock around the trailer kingpin so the trailer cannot separate from the tractor. After coupling, a pull test with the trailer brakes set confirms the lock. Grease, paint, or looseness do not prove a secure lock.
Question 47Tanker Vehicle Inspection
A tanker that will be loaded or unloaded at a terminal should carry wheel chocks. During inspection, you should confirm that the chocks are:
- made of aluminum
- stored on the catwalk
- present and in usable condition Correct answer.
- painted bright orange
Explanation
Wheel chocks keep the tanker from rolling while product is transferred at a terminal. They must be carried, accessible, and strong enough for the vehicle; missing or damaged chocks should be replaced before loading. Color and metal type are not the test.
Question 48Tanker Vehicle Inspection
When you inspect the bonding cable used for loading flammable liquids, you should check the cable and clamps for:
- a red tag from the shipper
- attachment to the steering wheel
- broken strands or corroded clamps Correct answer.
- a length greater than 50 feet
Explanation
The bonding cable equalizes static electricity between the tanker and the storage system, so it must conduct freely. Broken strands, damaged insulation, or corroded clamps can prevent a good connection and create a spark risk. Length and shipping tags are not the inspection standard.
Question 49Tanker Vehicle Inspection
During the pre-trip inspection, you find a fresh wet patch at a weld seam on the cargo tank shell. What is the safest action?
- Load compartments away from the seam
- Wipe the area dry and load
- Stop and have it repaired Correct answer.
- Mark it and check after the trip
Explanation
A wet patch at a weld seam suggests the tank shell is leaking, which can worsen under load and cause a spill. The tank must be taken out of service, repaired by qualified personnel, and retested before it carries product again. Drying it or delaying repair does not restore shell integrity.
Question 50Tanker Vehicle Inspection
You notice that the cargo tank's pressure-relief valve has been painted over, including its vent openings. What should you do?
- Out of service until repaired Correct answer.
- Cover the valve with tape to keep dirt out
- Operate the valve by hand to break the paint
- Load only if the weather is cool
Explanation
A pressure-relief valve must open freely to prevent overpressure or vacuum damage. Paint or debris in the vent openings can block it, so the valve must be cleaned, repaired, or replaced by a qualified person before the tank is used. Operating it by hand or covering it does not make it safe.