Study for the Test
The single official source for the test is the free study guide Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship, available from IRCC in print, PDF, and audio formats. Every test question is based on this guide. A major trap is studying from unofficial summaries, apps, or third-party notes that contain outdated or invented facts. If a detail is not in Discover Canada, it is not a safe basis for an answer.
Study the guide section by section, because questions are distributed across all chapters: rights and responsibilities, who we are, Canada's history, modern Canada, how Canadians govern themselves, federal elections, the justice system, Canadian symbols, Canada's regions, and the economy. Do not skip history or geography thinking only government matters - those chapters generate many questions.
Pay special attention to names, dates, and numbers, which are the most testable facts: the Constitution Act, 1982 and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms; Confederation in 1867; the first Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald; the three branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial); the three levels of government (federal, provincial/territorial, municipal); the number of MPs and senators is not fixed trivia you must memorize beyond the guide's explanation; and the oath of citizenship wording.
Worked example: A question asks who is Canada's head of state. The guide's answer is the King (the monarch), represented federally by the Governor General. A trap option names the Prime Minister - the PM is head of government, not head of state.
Rule of thumb: read each chapter, then answer the review questions at the end of the chapter; if you can explain the answer, you know it.