Communication rules: shipping papers, placarding, marking and labels
This domain tests the paperwork and visual communication that must accompany a hazmat load: shipping paper entries, emergency response information, placard selection and placement, package marking, and labels. The exam expects you to read a basic description and spot what is missing or out of order.
Shipping papers
Under 49 CFR 172.200–172.205, a shipping paper must include the basic description in this sequence: proper shipping name, hazard class or division, identification number (UN/NA), and packing group. It also needs the total quantity, number and type of packages, shipper certification, and a 24-hour emergency response telephone number with the name of the person or agency to contact (172.604). The paper must be within the driver reach while driving, typically on the seat or in a door pouch.
Placards, marks, labels
- Placards go on both sides and both ends of the vehicle for each required hazard class. Table 1 materials require placards for any quantity; Table 2 materials require them when the aggregate gross weight is 1,001 pounds or more.
- The DANGER placard may replace separate Table 2 placards for mixed loads, but it cannot be used for Table 1 materials and does not excuse required labels.
- Non-bulk packages need the proper shipping name and ID number marked, plus the required hazard label; bulk packages need ID numbers on both sides and both ends, or on placards.
Worked example
A shipping paper line reads: UN1993, Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (contains methanol), 3, PG II, 4 drums, 800 lb. The order is wrong: the ID number should follow the hazard class, not precede the proper shipping name. A correct basic description is Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (contains methanol), 3, UN1993, PG II. The entry also needs a 24-hour emergency phone number and the shipper certification. At 800 pounds, Class 3 alone does not trigger a FLAMMABLE placard because it is Table 2 and below 1,001 pounds, but each drum still needs a FLAMMABLE LIQUID label and the package marking.
Traps
Missing ID numbers, using a brand name instead of the proper shipping name, and omitting the emergency phone are common. Placarding only the sides and not the ends loses marks. Do not use DANGER for a Table 1 material. Do not assume a label substitutes for a placard or vice versa.