Nonverbal Reasoning
Nonverbal Reasoning uses shapes and figures instead of words or numbers. On CogAT Level 9 (Grade 3) the Nonverbal Battery has three subtests: Figure Matrices, Figure Classification, and Paper Folding. It measures reasoning with visual patterns, not drawing skill; the figures are simple shapes, dots, and lines.
Figure Matrices
A grid, usually 2 x 2 or 3 x 3, has one missing cell. Track each attribute separately: shape, size, fill (solid or outlined), color, orientation, number of sides, and position. Find the rule across each row and down each column. The correct answer must satisfy both the row rule and the column rule.
Figure Classification
Three figures share a feature, and you pick the fourth that belongs. State the shared feature precisely, for example "all have exactly four sides and one dot inside," then test each option against every part of that statement.
Paper Folding
Paper is folded, holes are punched, and you choose the unfolded pattern. Each fold doubles the layers, so a punch through all layers usually makes a matching hole in every layer. A hole punched exactly on a fold line joins into one larger hole when the paper is opened. Unfold one step at a time, mirroring the holes across each fold line.
Worked example
Matrix: the top row shows a small black circle and then a large black circle. The bottom row shows a small white circle and a blank cell. Rule across the row: size increases from left to right. Rule down the column: fill changes from black to white. The missing cell must be a large white circle. An answer that is large but black satisfies only the row rule, so it is wrong.
Traps that cost marks
- Matching only one attribute, such as shape but not fill.
- Ignoring rotation or the number of sides.
- Counting holes without accounting for the layers made by each fold.
- Forgetting that a hole on the fold line produces one hole, not two.
- Choosing an answer that adds an extra difference, such as an unneeded dot.