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CogAT Levels 13/14 study materials
CogAT Levels 13/14 study resources

CogAT Levels 13/14 practice questions

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Question 1Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: brief is to lengthy as scarce is to ___?

  1. rare
  2. abundant Correct answer.
  3. limited
  4. valuable

Explanation

The first pair are antonyms: 'brief' (short) is the opposite of 'lengthy' (long). 'Scarce' means in short supply, so its opposite is 'abundant' (plentiful). Identify the relationship in the first pair, then apply the same rule.

Question 2Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: chapter is to novel as movement is to ___?

  1. dance
  2. song
  3. symphony Correct answer.
  4. rhythm

Explanation

A chapter is a major division of a novel. In music, a 'movement' is a major division of a symphony. The relationship is part-to-whole, where the part is a formal named section of the larger work.

Question 3Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: cautious is to reckless as frugal is to ___?

  1. thrifty
  2. wasteful Correct answer.
  3. careful
  4. wealthy

Explanation

'Cautious' and 'reckless' are antonyms describing how carefully someone acts. 'Frugal' means careful with money, so its antonym is 'wasteful' (spending carelessly). The pattern is opposite traits.

Question 4Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: thermometer is to temperature as barometer is to ___?

  1. humidity
  2. wind
  3. pressure Correct answer.
  4. rainfall

Explanation

A thermometer is the instrument that measures temperature. A barometer is the instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. The relationship is tool-to-quantity measured.

Question 5Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: arid is to desert as humid is to ___?

  1. tundra
  2. rainforest Correct answer.
  3. prairie
  4. glacier

Explanation

'Arid' (very dry) describes the defining climate of a desert. 'Humid' (very moist) describes the defining climate of a rainforest. The relationship matches a climate adjective to the biome it characterizes.

Question 6Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: novice is to expert as seedling is to ___?

  1. sprout
  2. root
  3. tree Correct answer.
  4. garden

Explanation

A novice is an early, undeveloped stage that grows into an expert (the mature stage). A seedling is the early stage of a plant that grows into a mature tree. The relationship is early stage to fully developed form.

Question 7Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: meticulous is to careless as transparent is to ___?

  1. clear
  2. fragile
  3. opaque Correct answer.
  4. smooth

Explanation

'Meticulous' and 'careless' are antonyms. 'Transparent' means see-through, so its antonym is 'opaque' (not letting light through). The pattern requires the opposite.

Question 8Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: historian is to past as meteorologist is to ___?

  1. weather Correct answer.
  2. stars
  3. oceans
  4. earthquakes

Explanation

A historian studies the past. A meteorologist studies the weather. The relationship matches a specialist to the subject they study.

Question 9Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: whisper is to shout as glimpse is to ___?

  1. blink
  2. stare Correct answer.
  3. glance
  4. wink

Explanation

A whisper is a quiet, brief sound; a shout is its loud, intense version. A glimpse is a quick, brief look; its intense, prolonged version is a 'stare'. The relationship moves from a small/brief action to a large/intense one.

Question 10Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: sculptor is to clay as poet is to ___?

  1. paint
  2. words Correct answer.
  3. stone
  4. melody

Explanation

A sculptor shapes clay to create work. A poet shapes words to create work. The relationship is artist to the raw material they use.

Question 11Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: The detective remained ___ throughout the interrogation, refusing to reveal even a hint of what she already knew.

  1. impulsive
  2. inscrutable Correct answer.
  3. talkative
  4. anxious

Explanation

The clue 'refusing to reveal even a hint' signals that her expression gave nothing away. 'Inscrutable' means impossible to read or understand, which fits perfectly. Match the missing word to the evidence in the sentence.

Question 12Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: Although the evidence seemed overwhelming, the jury was instructed to keep an ___ mind until all testimony was heard.

  1. open Correct answer.
  2. absent
  3. anxious
  4. ancient

Explanation

The phrase 'until all testimony was heard' signals withholding judgment. An 'open' mind means being willing to consider all information before deciding. The contrast word 'Although' confirms the jury should not be swayed yet.

Question 13Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: The new policy was so ___ that even longtime employees could not agree on what it actually required.

  1. explicit
  2. ambiguous Correct answer.
  3. generous
  4. popular

Explanation

The clue 'could not agree on what it actually required' shows the policy was unclear and open to multiple readings. 'Ambiguous' means having more than one possible meaning, which fits. Use the result described to choose the word.

Question 14Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: The hikers were grateful for the ___ shelter, which protected them only briefly before the storm tore it apart.

  1. permanent
  2. flimsy Correct answer.
  3. spacious
  4. distant

Explanation

The clue 'before the storm tore it apart' shows the shelter was weak and easily destroyed. 'Flimsy' means poorly made and not sturdy, matching that outcome. The word 'only briefly' reinforces its fragility.

Question 15Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: Because the witness's account kept changing, the lawyer questioned whether her testimony was ___.

  1. reliable Correct answer.
  2. lengthy
  3. emotional
  4. recent

Explanation

The clue 'kept changing' suggests the testimony could not be trusted. 'Reliable' means dependable and consistent, so the lawyer doubting its reliability fits the logic. The cause-and-effect 'Because' signals the inconsistency undermines trust.

Question 16Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: The professor's lectures were so ___ that students often left more confused than when they arrived.

  1. concise
  2. convoluted Correct answer.
  3. engaging
  4. punctual

Explanation

The result 'more confused than when they arrived' shows the lectures were tangled and hard to follow. 'Convoluted' means extremely complex and difficult to understand. The outcome described points to this word.

Question 17Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: The volunteers worked with such ___ that the entire park was cleaned in a single afternoon.

  1. reluctance
  2. diligence Correct answer.
  3. confusion
  4. secrecy

Explanation

Finishing a big job 'in a single afternoon' shows hard, focused effort. 'Diligence' means steady, careful effort, which explains the fast result. The outcome supports this choice.

Question 18Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: Critics praised the documentary for its ___ portrayal, presenting both sides of the dispute without favoring either.

  1. biased
  2. impartial Correct answer.
  3. hurried
  4. fictional

Explanation

The phrase 'without favoring either' side defines fairness. 'Impartial' means treating all sides equally and not taking a position. The clue directly matches this word.

Question 19Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: After months of drought, the ___ rainfall finally restored the reservoir to a safe level.

  1. scarce
  2. abundant Correct answer.
  3. freezing
  4. delayed

Explanation

To restore a reservoir after a drought requires a large amount of water. 'Abundant' means plentiful, which would refill the reservoir. The result, restoring a safe level, points to plentiful rain.

Question 20Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: The senator gave an ___ speech, dodging every direct question and committing to nothing.

  1. evasive Correct answer.
  2. honest
  3. brief
  4. humorous

Explanation

'Dodging every direct question and committing to nothing' describes avoiding straight answers. 'Evasive' means deliberately avoiding the point. The behavior described defines the word.

Question 21Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: oak, maple, birch, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. fern
  2. elm Correct answer.
  3. moss
  4. shrub

Explanation

Oak, maple, and birch are all deciduous trees that produce broad leaves. 'Elm' is also a deciduous tree, so it fits the category. Find what the three share, then match it.

Question 22Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: triangle, pentagon, octagon, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. circle
  2. sphere
  3. hexagon Correct answer.
  4. cube

Explanation

Triangle, pentagon, and octagon are all polygons: two-dimensional shapes made of straight sides. A 'hexagon' is also a polygon with straight sides, so it fits. The shared trait is straight-sided flat shapes.

Question 23Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: copper, silver, gold, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. granite
  2. aluminum Correct answer.
  3. plastic
  4. wood

Explanation

Copper, silver, and gold are all metals (elements found on the periodic table). 'Aluminum' is also a metal element, so it belongs. The shared trait is being a metallic element.

Question 24Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: amend, revise, edit, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. destroy
  2. modify Correct answer.
  3. ignore
  4. publish

Explanation

Amend, revise, and edit all mean to make changes to improve something. 'Modify' also means to change or adjust, so it fits the group. The shared meaning is altering something.

Question 25Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. economy
  2. republic Correct answer.
  3. geography
  4. currency

Explanation

Democracy, monarchy, and oligarchy are all forms of government, defined by who holds power. A 'republic' is also a form of government, so it belongs. The shared category is systems of governance.

Question 26Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: drizzle, downpour, sleet, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. thunder
  2. hail Correct answer.
  3. breeze
  4. fog

Explanation

Drizzle, downpour, and sleet are all forms of precipitation: water or ice that falls from the sky. 'Hail' is also a form of precipitation, so it fits. The shared trait is falling moisture.

Question 27Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: brittle, fragile, delicate, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. durable
  2. breakable Correct answer.
  3. flexible
  4. heavy

Explanation

Brittle, fragile, and delicate all describe things that break easily. 'Breakable' shares this meaning, so it fits the group. The common idea is being easily damaged.

Question 28Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: liver, kidney, lung, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. bone
  2. pancreas Correct answer.
  3. muscle
  4. skin

Explanation

Liver, kidney, and lung are all internal organs that perform specific bodily functions. The 'pancreas' is also an internal organ, so it belongs. The shared category is internal organs.

Question 29Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: ancient, antique, archaic, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. modern
  2. obsolete Correct answer.
  3. popular
  4. expensive

Explanation

Ancient, antique, and archaic all describe something old or from an earlier time. 'Obsolete' means no longer in use because it is outdated, which fits the theme of being old. The shared idea is belonging to the past.

Question 30Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: orbit, rotate, revolve, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. stop
  2. circle Correct answer.
  3. fall
  4. shrink

Explanation

Orbit, rotate, and revolve all describe movement in a curved or circular path. To 'circle' also means to move around in a loop, so it fits. The shared idea is circular motion.

Question 31Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: peninsula, isthmus, archipelago, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. river
  2. strait Correct answer.
  3. valley
  4. desert

Explanation

A peninsula, isthmus, and archipelago are all landforms defined by their relationship to surrounding water. A 'strait' is a narrow waterway connecting two larger bodies of water, a related coastal/water geographic feature. Among the choices it best fits land-and-water geographic features.

Question 32Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: persuade, convince, coax, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. forbid
  2. urge Correct answer.
  3. refuse
  4. doubt

Explanation

Persuade, convince, and coax all mean to get someone to do or believe something through encouragement. To 'urge' also means to strongly encourage, so it fits. The shared meaning is influencing someone toward an action.

Question 33Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: violin, cello, viola, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. flute
  2. trumpet
  3. harp
  4. double-bass Correct answer.

Explanation

Violin, cello, and viola are all bowed string instruments of the orchestral string family. The 'double-bass' is also a bowed string instrument in that family, so it belongs. The shared trait is being a bowed orchestral string instrument.

Question 34Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: gram is to kilogram as meter is to ___?

  1. centimeter
  2. kilometer Correct answer.
  3. liter
  4. second

Explanation

A kilogram is 1,000 grams, so the relationship multiplies the base unit by 1,000. A 'kilometer' is 1,000 meters, applying the same prefix and multiplier. Match the metric prefix relationship.

Question 35Verbal reasoning foundations

Sentence Completion: The scientist's hypothesis was ___ by repeated experiments, leaving little doubt about its accuracy.

  1. refuted
  2. corroborated Correct answer.
  3. ignored
  4. proposed

Explanation

The phrase 'leaving little doubt about its accuracy' shows the experiments supported the idea. 'Corroborated' means confirmed or backed up with evidence. The result points to confirmation.

Question 36Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Classification: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, ___ - which word belongs with this group?

  1. mineral
  2. volcanic Correct answer.
  3. crystal
  4. fossil

Explanation

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic are the three main rock types classified by how they form. 'Volcanic' rock is a kind of igneous rock formed from cooled lava, fitting the theme of rock classifications. Among the choices it best matches a rock-formation category.

Question 37Verbal reasoning foundations

Verbal Analogy: famine is to food as drought is to ___?

  1. heat
  2. water Correct answer.
  3. wind
  4. crops

Explanation

A famine is a severe shortage of food. A drought is a severe shortage of water. The relationship matches a crisis to the resource that is lacking.

Question 38Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [2 -> 8] and [3 -> 12], so [5 -> ___]?

  1. 15
  2. 20 Correct answer.
  3. 25
  4. 10

Explanation

In each pair, the second number is 4 times the first: 2x4=8 and 3x4=12. Applying the same rule, 5x4=20. Identify the rule from both given pairs, then apply it.

Question 39Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [12 -> 4] and [21 -> 7], so [27 -> ___]?

  1. 8
  2. 9 Correct answer.
  3. 6
  4. 12

Explanation

In each pair the second number is the first divided by 3: 12/3=4 and 21/3=7. Applying the rule, 27/3=9. The consistent operation is dividing by 3.

Question 40Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [4 -> 9] and [7 -> 15], so [10 -> ___]?

  1. 20
  2. 21 Correct answer.
  3. 19
  4. 25

Explanation

Each pair follows 'double the first, then add 1': 4x2+1=9 and 7x2+1=15. Applying it, 10x2+1=21. Test combined operations when a single one does not fit both pairs.

Question 41Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [3 -> 9] and [5 -> 25], so [8 -> ___]?

  1. 16
  2. 64 Correct answer.
  3. 40
  4. 81

Explanation

Each pair squares the first number: 3 squared is 9 and 5 squared is 25. Applying the rule, 8 squared is 64. The operation is raising to the power of 2.

Question 42Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [10 -> 7] and [16 -> 13], so [25 -> ___]?

  1. 20
  2. 22 Correct answer.
  3. 18
  4. 23

Explanation

Each pair subtracts 3 from the first number: 10-3=7 and 16-3=13. Applying it, 25-3=22. The consistent operation is subtracting 3.

Question 43Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [6 -> 18] and [9 -> 27], so [11 -> ___]?

  1. 30
  2. 33 Correct answer.
  3. 22
  4. 36

Explanation

Each pair multiplies the first number by 3: 6x3=18 and 9x3=27. Applying it, 11x3=33. The rule is multiply by 3.

Question 44Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [2 -> 5] and [4 -> 9], so [6 -> ___]?

  1. 11
  2. 13 Correct answer.
  3. 12
  4. 15

Explanation

Each pair follows 'double the first, then add 1': 2x2+1=5 and 4x2+1=9. Applying it, 6x2+1=13. Combine operations when one alone fails.

Question 45Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [1 -> 1] and [2 -> 8], so [3 -> ___]?

  1. 18
  2. 27 Correct answer.
  3. 9
  4. 24

Explanation

Each pair cubes the first number: 1 cubed is 1 and 2 cubed is 8. Applying it, 3 cubed is 27. The operation is raising to the power of 3.

Question 46Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [20 -> 5] and [32 -> 8], so [40 -> ___]?

  1. 12
  2. 10 Correct answer.
  3. 8
  4. 15

Explanation

Each pair divides the first number by 4: 20/4=5 and 32/4=8. Applying it, 40/4=10. The consistent operation is dividing by 4.

Question 47Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [5 -> 14] and [8 -> 23], so [10 -> ___]?

  1. 28
  2. 29 Correct answer.
  3. 30
  4. 27

Explanation

Each pair follows 'multiply by 3, then subtract 1': 5x3-1=14 and 8x3-1=23. Applying it, 10x3-1=29. Test two-step rules when a single operation fails to fit both pairs.

Question 48Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [7 -> 49] and [4 -> 16], so [9 -> ___]?

  1. 72
  2. 81 Correct answer.
  3. 90
  4. 18

Explanation

Each pair squares the first number: 7 squared is 49 and 4 squared is 16. Applying it, 9 squared is 81. The operation is raising to the power of 2.

Question 49Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Analogy: [15 -> 5] and [27 -> 9], so [21 -> ___]?

  1. 6
  2. 7 Correct answer.
  3. 8
  4. 9

Explanation

Each pair divides the first number by 3: 15/3=5 and 27/3=9. Applying it, 21/3=7. The consistent operation is dividing by 3.

Question 50Quantitative reasoning foundations

Number Series: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, ___ - what comes next?

  1. 21
  2. 23 Correct answer.
  3. 24
  4. 22

Explanation

Each term increases by 4: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19. Adding 4 to 19 gives 23. Find the common difference, then extend the pattern.