CSET Physical Education - independent theory foundations study materials
CSET Physical Education - independent theory foundations study resources

Two Ways to Stop the Same Ball

CSET Physical Education - independent theory foundations · Put your knowledge to work in context.

All case studies

Two Ways to Stop the Same Ball

A fictional biomechanics worksheet describes two catches of a two-kilogram training ball moving horizontally at ten metres per second. In both supplied trials the ball ends at rest without bouncing, and the worksheet ignores gravity and other horizontal forces during the stopping interval. The average stopping interval is 0.10 seconds in the first trial and 0.20 seconds in the second. The teacher asks learners to compare changes in momentum, average net force and what cannot be inferred. A learner claims the second trial requires only half the impulse because the catch takes longer. Another claims an average-force calculation proves the second technique cannot cause injury. The class must use the explicit model and units while separating a mechanical comparison from an unsupported health conclusion.

1. Calculate the impulse magnitude and average net stopping force in each trial.

Read the worked answer

The momentum-change magnitude is2 times 10 = 20 kilogram-metres per second in both trials. Impulse magnitude is therefore 20 newton-seconds in each. Average net force magnitudes are20 / 0.10 = 200 newtons and20 / 0.20 = 100 newtons, opposite to the initial motion.

2. Evaluate both learner claims.

Read the worked answer

A longer stopping time reduces the required average force for the same momentum change, not the impulse. Average force does not specify peak force, local loading, technique or individual tissue tolerance. This simplified comparison cannot prove that a particular catch is injury-free.