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CWSS practice questions

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Question 1Define Basic RF Characteristics

In an RF system, which unit is used to express absolute power referenced to one milliwatt?

  1. dBi
  2. dBc
  3. dBm Correct answer.
  4. dB

Explanation

dBm is an absolute power unit defined as decibels relative to 1 mW, so 0 dBm equals 1 mW. The other units are relative measures: dB is a generic ratio, dBi is antenna gain relative to an isotropic radiator, and dBc is relative to a carrier.

Question 2Define Basic RF Characteristics

A signal's power increases from 10 mW to 100 mW. What is the change in dB?

  1. 1 dB
  2. 10 dB Correct answer.
  3. 20 dB
  4. 90 dB

Explanation

Power in dB is 10 times the base-10 logarithm of the power ratio. A ratio of 100/10 equals 10, and 10 log10(10) equals 10 dB. Each tenfold increase in power corresponds to 10 dB.

Question 3Define Basic RF Characteristics

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between wavelength and frequency for a radio wave traveling in free space?

  1. Wavelength decreases as frequency increases Correct answer.
  2. Wavelength equals frequency multiplied by the speed of light
  3. Wavelength is independent of frequency
  4. Wavelength increases as frequency increases

Explanation

The free-space relationship is wavelength equals the speed of light divided by frequency. Because the speed of light is constant, a higher frequency produces a shorter wavelength. Thus wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional.

Question 4Define Basic RF Characteristics

What is the approximate free-space wavelength of a 2.4 GHz signal?

  1. 1.25 m
  2. 25 cm
  3. 12.5 cm Correct answer.
  4. 6.25 cm

Explanation

Wavelength equals c divided by frequency, so 3 x 10^8 m/s divided by 2.4 x 10^9 Hz gives about 0.125 m, or 12.5 cm. This is why 2.4 GHz antennas are physically small.

Question 5Define Basic RF Characteristics

Which term describes the orientation of the electric field vector of a radiated electromagnetic wave?

  1. Bandwidth
  2. Impedance
  3. Modulation
  4. Polarization Correct answer.

Explanation

Polarization describes the orientation of the electric field as the wave propagates, and it can be linear, circular, or elliptical. Impedance, modulation, and bandwidth describe other distinct characteristics of an RF system.

Question 6Define Basic RF Characteristics

What does a VSWR of 1:1 indicate at an antenna feed point?

  1. Half of the forward power is reflected
  2. An open circuit at the load
  3. Total reflection with no power delivered
  4. A perfect match with no reflected power Correct answer.

Explanation

VSWR of 1:1 means the load impedance equals the source impedance, so no power is reflected and all forward power is delivered. Reflected power rises as VSWR departs from 1:1.

Question 7Define Basic RF Characteristics

Which frequency band is conventionally designated as the VHF range?

  1. 300 MHz to 3 GHz
  2. 30 MHz to 300 MHz Correct answer.
  3. 3 kHz to 30 kHz
  4. 3 GHz to 30 GHz

Explanation

Very high frequency (VHF) spans 30 MHz to 300 MHz, covering services such as FM broadcast and aviation communications. Each decade of frequency has its own ITU designation, so the boundaries must be recalled precisely.

Question 8Define Basic RF Characteristics

What is the primary effect of increasing transmitter output power by 3 dB?

  1. Increasing power by a factor of ten
  2. Doubling the radiated power Correct answer.
  3. Increasing power by a factor of one hundred
  4. Halving the radiated power

Explanation

A 3 dB increase corresponds to doubling the power, because 10 log10(2) is approximately 3 dB. This rule of thumb is fundamental when budgeting link power in decibels.

Question 9Define Basic RF Characteristics

A receiver has a noise figure of 3 dB. What does this value represent?

  1. The ratio of output SNR to input SNR expressed in dB Correct answer.
  2. The maximum input power before saturation
  3. The frequency range over which the receiver operates
  4. The total gain of the receiver chain

Explanation

Noise figure quantifies how much the signal-to-noise ratio degrades as a signal passes through a device. A 3 dB noise figure means the output SNR is about half the input SNR in linear terms.

Question 10Define Basic RF Characteristics

Two equal, uncorrelated noise sources each contribute 0 dBm of power to a load. What is the combined noise power?

  1. 0 dBm
  2. 6 dBm
  3. 3 dBm Correct answer.
  4. 10 dBm

Explanation

Uncorrelated noise powers add linearly, so doubling the power raises the level by 3 dB. Two equal 0 dBm sources therefore combine to approximately 3 dBm. Correlated sources would add differently, but noise is treated as uncorrelated here.

Question 11Define Basic RF Characteristics

A cable has 6 dB of loss. If 4 W is applied at the input, what power emerges at the output?

  1. 2 W
  2. 1 W Correct answer.
  3. 0.25 W
  4. 0.5 W

Explanation

A 6 dB loss reduces power by a factor of four, since 6 dB equals 10 log10(4). Dividing 4 W by four gives 1 W. Loss in dB subtracts directly from the signal level.

Question 12Define Basic RF Characteristics

Which characteristic impedance is most commonly used for coaxial cable in RF systems?

  1. 600 ohms
  2. 75 ohms
  3. 300 ohms
  4. 50 ohms Correct answer.

Explanation

50 ohms is the standard for most RF test equipment, transceivers, and coaxial cable because it balances power handling and low loss. 75 ohms is used mainly for video and broadcast distribution, and 300 ohms for balanced twin-lead.

Question 13Define Basic RF Characteristics

An antenna with 10 dBi gain is fed 100 mW. What is the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP)?

  1. 10 mW
  2. 1 W Correct answer.
  3. 100 mW
  4. 10 W

Explanation

EIRP in dBm equals transmitter power in dBm plus antenna gain in dBi. 100 mW is 20 dBm, and adding 10 dBi gives 30 dBm, which equals 1 W.

Question 14Define Basic RF Characteristics

What does a 3 dB beamwidth of an antenna describe?

  1. The bandwidth over which the antenna is matched
  2. The angular width between the half-power points of the main beam Correct answer.
  3. The ratio of forward to backward radiation
  4. The physical length of the antenna element

Explanation

Beamwidth is the angular separation between the points where radiated power falls to half its peak value, which is 3 dB below maximum. A narrower beamwidth generally corresponds to higher directivity.

Question 15Define Basic RF Characteristics

A transmitter delivers 20 dBm into a lossless antenna. What is the equivalent power in watts?

  1. 0.1 W Correct answer.
  2. 2 W
  3. 0.02 W
  4. 0.2 W

Explanation

0 dBm is 1 mW, and 20 dB corresponds to a factor of 100, so 20 dBm equals 100 mW or 0.1 W. Converting between dBm and watts is a routine RF calculation.

Question 16Define Basic RF Characteristics

Which phenomenon occurs when a propagating RF wave encounters an object much larger than its wavelength?

  1. Reflection from the object Correct answer.
  2. Diffraction around the object
  3. Refraction through the object
  4. Scattering in all directions

Explanation

When an obstacle is much larger than the wavelength, the wave behaves largely as a ray and reflects from the surface. Diffraction dominates when the object is comparable to or smaller than the wavelength, and scattering occurs with small or rough objects.

Question 17Define Basic RF Characteristics

What is the effect of the Doppler shift on a received signal when a mobile receiver moves toward a stationary transmitter?

  1. The received frequency remains unchanged
  2. The received frequency increases Correct answer.
  3. The received frequency decreases
  4. The received amplitude doubles

Explanation

Motion toward the source compresses the wavefronts, so the received frequency is higher than the transmitted frequency. The magnitude of the shift depends on the radial velocity and the carrier frequency.

Question 18Define Basic RF Characteristics

A system has a 30 dBm transmitter, 2 dB of cable loss, and a 12 dBi antenna. What is the EIRP?

  1. 20 dBm
  2. 16 dBm
  3. 40 dBm Correct answer.
  4. 44 dBm

Explanation

EIRP is transmitter power minus feedline loss plus antenna gain. Starting from 30 dBm and subtracting 2 dB gives 28 dBm, then adding 12 dBi yields 40 dBm.

Question 19Define Basic RF Characteristics

Which statement best explains why higher frequencies generally suffer greater free-space path loss over the same distance?

  1. Atmospheric absorption is the only cause of frequency-dependent loss
  2. Higher frequencies travel more slowly through free space
  3. Free-space path loss increases with frequency when antenna gains are held constant Correct answer.
  4. Higher frequencies have longer wavelengths and spread more

Explanation

The free-space path loss formula increases with the square of frequency when isotropic antenna gains are fixed. Physically, a fixed-gain antenna at higher frequency has a smaller effective aperture, so it captures less power.

Question 20Define Basic RF Characteristics

Two cascaded amplifiers each have a gain of 10 dB and a noise figure of 3 dB. What is the approximate noise figure of the cascade?

  1. 4.5 dB
  2. 6 dB
  3. 3 dB
  4. 3.1 dB Correct answer.

Explanation

Friis's formula shows that the noise contribution of later stages is divided by the gain of preceding stages. With 10 dB of first-stage gain, the second stage adds only about 0.1 dB, giving roughly 3.1 dB total.

Question 21Define Basic RF Characteristics

A transmitter produces a 1 kW carrier with a measured spurious emission at 500 mW. What is the spurious level in dBc?

  1. -33 dBc Correct answer.
  2. -3 dBc
  3. -6 dBc
  4. -20 dBc

Explanation

dBc is 10 log10 of the spurious power divided by the carrier power. The ratio 0.5 W over 1000 W equals 0.0005, and 10 log10(0.0005) is approximately -33 dBc.

Question 22Define Basic RF Characteristics

An antenna has a VSWR of 2:1. What approximate percentage of forward power is reflected?

  1. 20 percent
  2. 11 percent Correct answer.
  3. 25 percent
  4. 50 percent

Explanation

Reflection coefficient magnitude equals (VSWR - 1)/(VSWR + 1), which for 2:1 is 1/3. Reflected power is the square of that, about 0.111 or 11 percent.

Question 23Define Basic RF Characteristics

A receiver with a 20 kHz bandwidth is compared with one of 200 kHz bandwidth at the same noise density. How does the wider receiver's noise floor differ?

  1. It is 3 dB higher
  2. It is 10 dB lower
  3. It is 10 dB higher Correct answer.
  4. It is unchanged

Explanation

Noise power equals noise density multiplied by bandwidth, so a tenfold bandwidth increase raises the noise floor by 10 dB. This is why narrower filters improve receiver sensitivity.

Question 24Define Basic RF Characteristics

A signal at 900 MHz travels along a 100 m free-space path. What is the approximate free-space path loss?

  1. About 120 dB
  2. About 60 dB
  3. About 90 dB
  4. About 72 dB Correct answer.

Explanation

Free-space path loss in dB is about 32.4 plus 20 log10(f in MHz) plus 20 log10(d in km). For 900 MHz and 0.1 km, this gives roughly 32.4 plus 59.1 minus 20, about 72 dB.

Question 25Define Basic RF Characteristics

Which statement about circular polarization is accurate for an RF link between a circularly polarized transmit antenna and a linearly polarized receive antenna?

  1. The link suffers a 3 dB polarization mismatch loss Correct answer.
  2. The link suffers no polarization loss
  3. The link suffers complete isolation
  4. The link gain doubles

Explanation

A circularly polarized wave decomposes into two orthogonal linear components of equal power. A linearly polarized receive antenna captures only one component, producing a 3 dB polarization mismatch loss.

Question 26Define Basic RF Characteristics

What does the term 'duty cycle' describe in the context of an RF transmitter's output signal?

  1. The amount of time required for the oscillator to reach stable frequency after power-on
  2. The fraction of time the transmitter is actually emitting RF energy during a defined period Correct answer.
  3. The ratio of peak envelope power to average power for a continuous wave signal
  4. The percentage of input DC power that is converted into RF output power

Explanation

Duty cycle is the proportion of a given time interval during which a transmitter is actively producing RF output. It is commonly expressed as a percentage or ratio and is important for calculating average power and thermal loading. It does not describe frequency stability or DC-to-RF conversion efficiency.

Question 27Define Basic RF Characteristics

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between wavelength and frequency for an RF signal traveling in free space?

  1. Wavelength decreases as frequency increases, according to the constant speed of light Correct answer.
  2. Wavelength equals the frequency divided by the speed of light, so higher frequency gives longer wavelength
  3. Wavelength increases as frequency increases, because both are proportional to the speed of light
  4. Wavelength is independent of frequency and depends only on the medium's permittivity

Explanation

In a given medium, the speed of an electromagnetic wave is essentially constant, so wavelength and frequency are inversely related by the equation wavelength = c / f. As frequency rises, the wavelength becomes shorter. This inverse relationship is fundamental to antenna dimensioning and propagation analysis.

Question 28Define Basic RF Characteristics

A signal has a power level of 0 dBW. What is the equivalent level in dBm?

  1. 20 dBm
  2. 30 dBm Correct answer.
  3. 10 dBm
  4. 0 dBm

Explanation

0 dBW corresponds to 1 watt. Since 1 watt equals 1000 milliwatts, and 1000 is 10^3, the level in dBm is 10 times the base-10 logarithm of 1000, which is 30 dBm. The conversion from dBW to dBm is therefore to add 30 dB.

Question 29Define Basic RF Characteristics

A transmitter's output is specified as 100 W average power with a peak envelope power (PEP) of 400 W. What is the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in dB?

  1. 6 dB Correct answer.
  2. 3 dB
  3. 12 dB
  4. 9 dB

Explanation

PAPR in dB is 10 log10(PEP / average power). Here the ratio is 400 / 100 = 4, and 10 log10(4) is approximately 6 dB. This means the peak envelope is 6 dB above the average power level.

Question 30Define Basic RF Characteristics

A receiver's sensitivity is specified as -110 dBm for a 12 dB SINAD. Which interpretation of this specification is most accurate?

  1. The weakest signal that produces a 12 dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio at the detector output is -110 dBm Correct answer.
  2. The maximum input level before the receiver front end saturates is -110 dBm
  3. The receiver's local oscillator phase noise is -110 dBc/Hz at 12 kHz offset
  4. The receiver will deliver full rated audio output when the input is -110 dBm or stronger

Explanation

Sensitivity expressed in dBm for a given SINAD defines the minimum input signal level at which the receiver achieves that specified signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio. A -110 dBm, 12 dB SINAD rating means that at -110 dBm input, the recovered signal has 12 dB SINAD. It is a threshold of intelligibility, not a maximum input or an oscillator noise figure.

Question 31Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

A wireless client is configured for 802.11ac and associates to an access point advertising only 802.11n rates. Which statement describes the resulting link?

  1. The client refuses association because the modulation schemes are incompatible.
  2. The client negotiates the highest rate both support, so the link operates as 802.11n. Correct answer.
  3. The client forces the AP into 802.11ac mode using management frames.
  4. The link operates in 802.11ac but falls back to 2.4 GHz automatically.

Explanation

802.11 association begins with the client and AP agreeing on a common capability set during association; features not supported by both sides are simply not used. Because the AP advertises only 802.11n rates, the client joins at 802.11n behavior even though its radio supports 802.11ac.

Question 32Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which frequency band does 802.11ac exclusively use for its primary operation?

  1. 6 GHz
  2. 2.4 GHz
  3. 5 GHz Correct answer.
  4. 900 MHz

Explanation

802.11ac was designed as a 5 GHz technology, which is why it can use wider channels and more spatial streams than 2.4 GHz designs. The 2.4 GHz band remained the domain of 802.11b/g/n, and 6 GHz arrived later with 802.11ax.

Question 33Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which statement describes the role of SSID in a wireless LAN?

  1. It is the channel number the access point broadcasts in beacons.
  2. It is the encryption key used to protect management frames.
  3. It is the logical network name that clients use to select and join a WLAN. Correct answer.
  4. It is the unique 48-bit hardware address burned into each radio.

Explanation

The service set identifier is the human-readable logical name that identifies a WLAN so clients can discover and associate with it. It is carried in beacon and probe response frames and is not a hardware address, key, or channel value.

Question 34Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

A wireless client is moving between two access points on the same WLAN and the association transfers without re-authentication. Which term describes this behavior?

  1. Channel bonding
  2. Beamforming
  3. Bridging
  4. Roaming Correct answer.

Explanation

Roaming is the process by which a client leaves one access point and associates with another while maintaining its session. Bridging, channel bonding, and beamforming are unrelated radio or forwarding features.

Question 35Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

What is the purpose of a BSSID?

  1. It sets the maximum transmit power of the radio.
  2. It defines the encryption cipher used on the WLAN.
  3. It identifies a specific access point radio within a service set. Correct answer.
  4. It names the organization that owns the wireless network.

Explanation

The basic service set identifier is the MAC address of the radio that anchors a BSS, so it distinguishes individual AP radios that may share one SSID. It is not an organization name, a cipher, or a power setting.

Question 36Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which 802.11 amendment is marketed as Wi-Fi 6?

  1. 802.11ax Correct answer.
  2. 802.11ac
  3. 802.11g
  4. 802.11n

Explanation

The Wi-Fi Alliance branding maps 802.11ax to Wi-Fi 6 and its 6 GHz variant to Wi-Fi 6E. 802.11n is Wi-Fi 4 and 802.11ac is Wi-Fi 5.

Question 37Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which antenna type radiates energy roughly equally in all horizontal directions and is commonly used for general client coverage?

  1. Sector
  2. Parabolic dish
  3. Yagi
  4. Omnidirectional Correct answer.

Explanation

An omnidirectional antenna spreads energy across 360 degrees in the horizontal plane, which suits covering clients around an AP. Yagi, dish, and sector antennas concentrate energy in a preferred direction to extend range or shape coverage.

Question 38Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which security protocol replaced WEP by introducing per-packet keys derived through a four-way handshake?

  1. Open authentication
  2. MAC filtering
  3. WEP-128
  4. WPA2 with CCMP Correct answer.

Explanation

WPA2 uses the 802.11i four-way handshake to derive unique pairwise keys from the pre-shared key or 802.1X credentials, and CCMP provides strong encryption. This design removed the static-key weaknesses that made WEP breakable.

Question 39Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

A wireless engineer wants to reduce co-channel interference in a dense office deployment. Which action addresses this goal?

  1. Enable a wider channel width on all 2.4 GHz radios.
  2. Increase transmit power on every access point to the maximum.
  3. Assign non-overlapping channels to adjacent access points. Correct answer.
  4. Disable all but one access point in the coverage area.

Explanation

Co-channel interference occurs when nearby APs use the same channel, so planning a reuse pattern with non-overlapping channels separates their transmissions. Raising power or widening channels increases overlap, and removing APs sacrifices capacity rather than managing interference.

Question 40Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

In a controller-based wireless architecture, what is the primary function of the CAPWAP tunnel between an access point and a wireless LAN controller?

  1. It assigns IP addresses to wireless clients.
  2. It provides Power over Ethernet to the access point.
  3. It carries control and data traffic between the AP and the controller. Correct answer.
  4. It encrypts all client payload with the WPA2 pairwise key.

Explanation

CAPWAP encapsulates both control messages and, in most deployments, client data between lightweight APs and the controller. Client encryption keys are handled by the 802.11 security process, and PoE and DHCP are separate functions.

Question 41Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

A client connected at 2.4 GHz reports poor throughput despite a strong signal. Which explanation is most consistent with this symptom?

  1. The band restricts clients to a single spatial stream by design.
  2. The 2.4 GHz band cannot support OFDM modulation.
  3. The client is forced to use a 160 MHz channel width.
  4. The 2.4 GHz band has fewer non-overlapping channels and more interference sources. Correct answer.

Explanation

Only three non-overlapping channels exist in 2.4 GHz in most regulatory domains, and the band is shared with Bluetooth, microwave ovens, and neighboring networks, so interference often limits throughput despite good signal. The band does support OFDM and multiple spatial streams, and 160 MHz channels are not used there.

Question 42Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which mechanism allows an access point to transmit to multiple clients simultaneously on the same channel by scheduling their transmissions?

  1. OFDMA in 802.11ax Correct answer.
  2. CSMA/CA in 802.11g
  3. Beaconing in 802.11a
  4. WEP in 802.11b

Explanation

802.11ax introduces OFDMA, which divides a channel into resource units that can serve different clients at the same time. Legacy CSMA/CA contends for the whole channel per transmission, and beaconing and WEP are unrelated to multi-user scheduling.

Question 43Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which feature lets an 802.11ac access point focus radio energy toward a specific client to improve signal quality?

  1. Channel bonding
  2. Transmit beamforming Correct answer.
  3. Band steering
  4. Airtime fairness

Explanation

Transmit beamforming uses multiple antennas and phase adjustments to direct energy toward the client rather than radiating uniformly. Channel bonding widens the channel, airtime fairness balances access, and band steering moves clients between bands.

Question 44Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

A network administrator wants guest users to reach the internet but not internal servers. Which wireless design element accomplishes this?

  1. Increasing the beacon interval on the guest SSID
  2. Mapping the guest SSID to a separate VLAN with restricted routing Correct answer.
  3. Enabling WPA2-Personal on the corporate SSID
  4. Disabling 802.11k on the guest SSID

Explanation

Placing the guest WLAN in its own VLAN lets the wired network enforce a security policy that permits internet access while blocking internal subnets. Encryption choice, beacon timing, and roaming assistance do not segment traffic.

Question 45Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which statement describes how a wireless client selects an access point in a typical infrastructure network?

  1. It connects to the AP with the lowest MAC address in range.
  2. It broadcasts a request and the first AP to respond is always selected permanently.
  3. It chooses among APs advertising a configured SSID, often favoring the strongest signal. Correct answer.
  4. It requires manual BSSID entry for every association.

Explanation

Clients scan for beacons and probe responses, filter for profiles they know, and then apply their own selection logic, which usually weighs signal strength and security compatibility. MAC ordering and permanent first-responder selection are not standard behaviors, and manual BSSID entry is not required.

Question 46Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which 802.11 amendment first introduced operation in the 6 GHz band?

  1. 802.11ax Correct answer.
  2. 802.11n
  3. 802.11ac
  4. 802.11g

Explanation

The 6 GHz band was opened to Wi-Fi through the 802.11ax amendment and its Wi-Fi 6E certification, which added the necessary channel and capability definitions. Earlier amendments were limited to 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz.

Question 47Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

A wireless deployment requires seamless roaming for voice clients across many access points. Which combination best supports this requirement?

  1. Different SSIDs per floor with WPA2-Personal on each
  2. A single high-power AP covering the whole building
  3. Disabling 802.11w so clients can roam faster
  4. Consistent SSID and security settings with 802.11k and 802.11r enabled Correct answer.

Explanation

Seamless roaming depends on a common SSID and security configuration so the client can reuse credentials, plus 802.11k neighbor reports and 802.11r fast transition to shorten reconnection time. Varying SSIDs forces reconfiguration, and one high-power AP cannot provide capacity or coverage everywhere.

Question 48Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

Which frame type does an access point use to announce its SSID, supported rates, and capabilities at a regular interval?

  1. Authentication
  2. Association request
  3. Data
  4. Beacon Correct answer.

Explanation

Beacon frames are broadcast periodically by the AP and carry the SSID, supported rates, security parameters, and other capability information that lets clients discover the network. Association and authentication frames are sent by clients during joining, and data frames carry user traffic.

Question 49Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

What is the effect of enabling band steering on a dual-band access point?

  1. It combines 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz into one bonded channel.
  2. It forces all clients to 2.4 GHz for better range.
  3. It encrypts the 5 GHz band with a stronger cipher.
  4. It encourages capable clients to use the 5 GHz radio instead of 2.4 GHz. Correct answer.

Explanation

Band steering influences dual-band clients to associate on the less congested 5 GHz radio, often by suppressing probe responses on 2.4 GHz. It does not bond channels across bands, force clients downward, or change encryption.

Question 50Describe Wireless Networking Features and Functions

A company deploys 802.1X with EAP-TLS for wireless access. Which requirement is essential for clients to authenticate successfully?

  1. Each client must present a valid certificate issued by a trusted CA. Correct answer.
  2. The SSID must be hidden from beacon frames.
  3. Each client must share one pre-shared key with the AP.
  4. The AP must use open authentication with MAC filtering.

Explanation

EAP-TLS is certificate-based mutual authentication, so the supplicant needs its own certificate from a CA the RADIUS server trusts, and the server presents its certificate as well. Pre-shared keys belong to WPA2-Personal, and hiding the SSID adds no authentication.