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DANB CRFDA practice questions

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Question 1Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

When placing a dental dam for a Class II amalgam on a mandibular molar, which clamp is most appropriate for a molar with a partially erupted crown and limited retention?

  1. A standard winged molar clamp seated at the gingival margin
  2. A retainer clamp with a wide, serrated jaw spanning two teeth
  3. A rubber dam clamp designed for a partially erupted molar, such as a butterfly-style clamp Correct answer.
  4. A cervical clamp with a flat jaw for subgingival margins

Explanation

A partially erupted molar provides limited crown height for a clamp to grip, so a clamp designed for partially erupted teeth (butterfly style) is chosen because it engages the tooth more cervically without requiring full eruption. A standard molar clamp needs adequate supragingival tooth structure to seat securely and can slip or impinge on tissue.

Question 2Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which matrix system is preferred for restoring a mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) amalgam on a primary molar where proximal contour must be re-established?

  1. A Tofflemire retainer with a metal band Correct answer.
  2. A precontoured sectional matrix with a separating ring
  3. A wedge alone without a matrix
  4. A clear plastic matrix strip alone

Explanation

A circumferential metal band held by a Tofflemire retainer is the classic choice for amalgam because it withstands condensation pressure and re-establishes proximal contour around the entire tooth. Sectional and clear matrices are more suited to composite and do not resist amalgam condensation as well.

Question 3Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

In the context of placing a Class III composite restoration, which step directly follows acid etching and rinsing of enamel?

  1. Applying a bonding agent and light curing Correct answer.
  2. Placing the first composite increment immediately
  3. Applying a separating agent to the matrix
  4. Condensing amalgam into the preparation

Explanation

After enamel is etched and rinsed and the tooth is kept dry, a bonding agent is applied and light cured to create the hybrid layer and micromechanical retention before composite is placed. Placing composite directly on etched enamel without bonding would compromise the seal.

Question 4Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

When assisting with a Class V composite restoration at the gingival third, which technique best controls moisture at the gingival margin?

  1. Air drying the field continuously during bonding
  2. High-volume suction alone without isolation
  3. Retraction cord placement with a light-cured gingival barrier Correct answer.
  4. A cotton roll placed over the occlusal surface

Explanation

Gingival margins near the sulcus are prone to crevicular fluid contamination, so retraction cord combined with a light-cured gingival barrier isolates the field and protects the margin during bonding and curing. Suction alone cannot prevent fluid seepage at the gingival floor.

Question 5Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which bur is typically selected to remove old amalgam and outline a Class I preparation on a posterior tooth?

  1. A round carbide bur used at low speed only
  2. A straight fissure carbide bur in a high-speed handpiece Correct answer.
  3. A fine grit diamond finishing bur
  4. A polishing cup with pumice

Explanation

A straight fissure carbide bur in a high-speed handpiece efficiently cuts enamel and removes old amalgam while establishing the outline form of a Class I preparation. Finishing burs and polishing cups are used after the preparation is complete.

Question 6Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

When placing a stainless steel crown (SSC) on a primary molar, which step is performed immediately before cementation?

  1. Place a matrix band around the tooth
  2. Cure the cement with a curing light
  3. Etch the tooth and apply bonding agent
  4. Try the crown on the tooth and check the fit and occlusion Correct answer.

Explanation

Before cementation the crown is trial seated to verify marginal fit, proximal contacts, and occlusion, and adjustments are made while the crown is dry. Cement is placed only after the fit is confirmed.

Question 7Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a wedge when used with a matrix band during a Class II restoration?

  1. To provide light-curing access to the proximal box
  2. To polish the proximal surface of the restoration
  3. To replace the need for a matrix band
  4. To hold the matrix band tightly against the gingival margin and slightly separate the teeth Correct answer.

Explanation

A wedge adapts the matrix band to the tooth at the gingival margin, prevents material from extruding into the sulcus, and produces slight tooth separation so the proximal contact is restored. It does not replace the matrix or polish the restoration.

Question 8Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which instrument is used to carry and condense amalgam into a preparation?

  1. A spoon excavator
  2. A condenser (plugger) Correct answer.
  3. A carver
  4. A burnisher

Explanation

A condenser, also called a plugger, delivers and compacts amalgam into the cavity to eliminate voids and adapt the material to the walls. Carvers and burnishers shape and smooth the surface after condensation.

Question 9Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

A patient reports sensitivity after a Class II composite restoration. Which factor most likely contributes to postoperative sensitivity related to the restorative technique?

  1. Using a wedge during placement
  2. Incomplete removal of smear layer and inadequate dentin bonding Correct answer.
  3. Light curing the bonding agent for the recommended time
  4. Excessive etching time on enamel

Explanation

Postoperative sensitivity after composite placement is commonly associated with inadequate dentin bonding, incomplete removal of the smear layer, or incomplete polymerization, which allow microleakage and fluid movement in dentinal tubules. Proper etching, bonding, and curing reduce this risk.

Question 10Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following describes the correct sequence for a Class II amalgam restoration after the preparation is completed?

  1. Place matrix and wedge, condense amalgam, carve, remove matrix, check occlusion Correct answer.
  2. Condense amalgam, place matrix, wedge, carve, check occlusion
  3. Place wedge, carve, condense amalgam, remove matrix, check occlusion
  4. Carve, place matrix, condense amalgam, wedge, check occlusion

Explanation

The matrix band and wedge are placed first to contain the amalgam and restore contour, then amalgam is condensed, carved to anatomy, the matrix is removed, and occlusion is checked and adjusted. Carving before condensation or placing the matrix after condensation would not produce a properly contoured restoration.

Question 11Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

When using a light-cured composite, which factor most affects the depth of cure in a deep Class I preparation?

  1. The shade and thickness of the composite and the intensity of the curing light Correct answer.
  2. The type of wedge used
  3. The color of the matrix band
  4. The brand of etching gel

Explanation

Depth of cure depends on the amount of light reaching the material, which is influenced by composite shade and opacity, increment thickness, and light intensity and duration. Darker or thicker increments attenuate light and require smaller increments or longer exposure.

Question 12Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following is a key reason to use a sectional matrix system with a separating ring for a Class II composite?

  1. It resists amalgam condensation pressure
  2. It creates tight proximal contacts and compensates for polymerization shrinkage Correct answer.
  3. It provides a permanent restoration
  4. It eliminates the need for etching

Explanation

A sectional matrix with a separating ring separates teeth slightly and holds the band tightly, producing a tight proximal contact and helping to compensate for shrinkage of composite. It is not used to resist amalgam condensation, and it does not eliminate etching.

Question 13Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

When placing a glass ionomer restoration, which instruction should the assistant follow regarding finishing?

  1. Wait for the material to set and protect it from moisture during initial setting Correct answer.
  2. Finish immediately with a diamond bur while the material is still wet
  3. Polish with a pumice cup immediately after placement
  4. Apply etchant to the surface before finishing

Explanation

Conventional glass ionomer is moisture sensitive during its initial setting and should be protected with a varnish or coating; finishing is delayed until the material has set. Immediate finishing or moisture exposure weakens the restoration.

Question 14Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which statement about the use of a rubber dam during restorative procedures is accurate?

  1. It protects the patient from ingestion of debris and improves visibility and moisture control Correct answer.
  2. It replaces the need for high-volume suction
  3. It is contraindicated for all pediatric patients
  4. It eliminates the need for a wedge during Class II restorations

Explanation

A rubber dam isolates the field, protects the airway from debris and materials, improves visibility, and maintains a dry field. It does not replace suction entirely, and it is used in pediatric dentistry when the patient can tolerate it.

Question 15Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following best describes the function of a base or liner under a deep amalgam restoration?

  1. To provide thermal insulation and pulpal protection Correct answer.
  2. To etch the dentin surface
  3. To act as a final restorative material
  4. To polish the amalgam

Explanation

A base or liner is placed in a deep preparation to provide thermal and chemical protection to the pulp and, in some cases, to support the restoration. It is not a final restorative material and does not etch or polish.

Question 16Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

During a Class II composite restoration, the assistant notices the matrix band is not adapted at the gingival margin. What is the most appropriate immediate action?

  1. Remove the band and finish the restoration without it
  2. Continue condensing composite and trim excess later
  3. Reposition or reseat the wedge to adapt the band before continuing Correct answer.
  4. Increase the curing light time to compensate

Explanation

A poorly adapted band allows composite to extrude into the sulcus and prevents proper proximal contour, so the wedge should be repositioned to adapt the band before material is placed. Trimming later cannot correct an overhang created by an unadapted band.

Question 17Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following is the most appropriate bur to refine and finish the occlusal anatomy of an amalgam restoration?

  1. A straight fissure carbide bur at high speed
  2. A spoon excavator
  3. A fine-grit diamond or finishing bur used at low speed Correct answer.
  4. A round carbide bur

Explanation

Finishing and refining anatomy after carving is done with fine-grit diamonds or finishing burs at low speed to smooth margins and define anatomy without removing excessive material. Round and fissure carbide burs are cutting instruments used during preparation.

Question 18Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following statements about polymerization shrinkage of composite is correct?

  1. Shrinkage is increased by light curing
  2. Shrinkage is eliminated by using a sectional matrix
  3. Shrinkage only occurs with amalgam
  4. Shrinkage stress is reduced by placing composite in small increments and using a proper bonding technique Correct answer.

Explanation

Composite undergoes volumetric shrinkage during polymerization, and placing material in small increments with a well-bonded interface reduces stress and marginal gap formation. A matrix does not eliminate shrinkage, and amalgam does not polymerize.

Question 19Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

When placing a Class II amalgam, why is it important to overfill slightly before carving?

  1. To prevent the need for a matrix band
  2. To increase the setting time of amalgam
  3. To reduce the need for a wedge
  4. To compensate for contraction and allow carving to a dense, well-adapted surface Correct answer.

Explanation

Amalgam is condensed to slightly excess so that carving removes surface material and leaves a dense, well-adapted restoration with proper anatomy and margins. Overfilling does not affect setting time and does not replace the matrix or wedge.

Question 20Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of a tofflemire matrix retainer?

  1. The band is placed with the larger circumference toward the gingival margin
  2. The band is placed with the smaller circumference toward the gingival margin Correct answer.
  3. The band should be loose to allow material flow
  4. The retainer is placed only on the lingual surface

Explanation

The Tofflemire band is oriented so the smaller circumference sits at the gingival margin, adapting the band to the tooth and preventing material from entering the sulcus. A loose or reversed band compromises contour and adaptation.

Question 21Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following best describes the role of the dental assistant during a restorative procedure?

  1. Maintaining a clear field with suction and retraction while anticipating instrument needs Correct answer.
  2. Diagnosing caries and determining the restorative material
  3. Prescribing postoperative analgesics
  4. Performing the final occlusal adjustment independently

Explanation

The assistant supports the operator by maintaining moisture control and visibility, transferring instruments, and anticipating the sequence of the procedure. Diagnosis, treatment decisions, and prescribing are the responsibility of the licensed dentist.

Question 22Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following is the most appropriate way to verify the occlusion of a newly placed amalgam restoration?

  1. Ask the patient to rinse with water
  2. Inspect the restoration with a mirror only
  3. Cure the amalgam with a light
  4. Have the patient tap and slide the teeth with articulating paper and adjust high spots Correct answer.

Explanation

Occlusion is verified by having the patient tap and move the teeth together with articulating paper marking contacts, and any high spots are reduced and rechecked. Visual inspection alone cannot assess functional contacts, and amalgam is not light cured.

Question 23Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which factor most influences the choice between a direct and an indirect restorative technique for a large posterior restoration?

  1. The color of the patient's gingiva
  2. The amount of remaining tooth structure and the extent of the defect Correct answer.
  3. The brand of suction tip used
  4. The patient's preference for a specific mirror

Explanation

The decision between direct and indirect restoration depends largely on the amount of remaining tooth structure, the extent of the defect, and the need to restore cuspal coverage. Gingival color or equipment brands do not determine the restorative approach.

Question 24Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following is the correct way to protect a newly placed glass ionomer restoration during the initial setting period?

  1. Etch the surface and rinse immediately
  2. Expose it to air for rapid drying
  3. Apply a protective coating or varnish and avoid moisture contamination Correct answer.
  4. Polish with a coarse bur

Explanation

Glass ionomer is sensitive to moisture and dehydration during setting, so a protective coating or varnish is applied and the patient is instructed to avoid contamination. Etching, coarse polishing, or forced drying during setting harms the material.

Question 25Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following best explains why a separating ring is used with a sectional matrix in a Class II composite restoration?

  1. It provides a permanent seal at the margin
  2. It removes the smear layer from dentin
  3. It slightly separates the teeth to create a tight proximal contact Correct answer.
  4. It replaces the need for a bonding agent

Explanation

A separating ring applies force to slightly separate adjacent teeth, allowing the matrix to adapt and producing a tight proximal contact after the material cures. It does not remove the smear layer, seal margins permanently, or substitute for bonding.

Question 26Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which dental material is supplied as a two-paste system that must be spatulated or auto-mixed and then placed into a prepared cavity as a direct esthetic restoration?

  1. Calcium hydroxide liner
  2. Composite resin Correct answer.
  3. Zinc phosphate cement
  4. Amalgam alloy

Explanation

Composite resin is a direct esthetic restorative material supplied as paste and cured by light or chemical reaction after placement. Zinc phosphate and calcium hydroxide are cements/liners, not direct esthetic restoratives, and amalgam is metallic.

Question 27Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

During a direct composite restoration, which step immediately follows acid etching of enamel and dentin before the bonding agent is applied?

  1. Rinsing and controlled drying of the preparation Correct answer.
  2. Condensing the composite increment
  3. Placing a metal matrix band
  4. Carving the occlusal anatomy

Explanation

After etching, the etchant must be rinsed away and the preparation dried according to the adhesive system's instructions so the bonding agent can penetrate. Condensing composite or carving occurs only after bonding and curing.

Question 28Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which instrument is specifically designed to hold and carry a matrix band around a prepared tooth during a direct restoration?

  1. Matrix retainer Correct answer.
  2. Mixing spatula
  3. Amalgam carrier
  4. Periodontal probe

Explanation

A matrix retainer secures and tightens the band around the tooth to recreate the proximal contour and confine the restorative material. A probe measures sulcus depth, a carrier delivers amalgam, and a spatula mixes materials.

Question 29Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

What is the primary purpose of applying a protective varnish or coating over a newly placed glass ionomer restoration?

  1. To increase the material's radiopacity
  2. To prevent moisture contamination and desiccation during setting Correct answer.
  3. To improve the bond to the matrix band
  4. To speed up the light-curing process

Explanation

Fresh glass ionomer is sensitive to both saliva and dehydration during its initial setting, so a protective coating is applied. Radiopacity and light-curing speed are not affected by the coating.

Question 30Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which burs are typically used to remove old restorative material and outline the external walls of a cavity preparation?

  1. Finishing stones in a slow-speed handpiece
  2. Endodontic files
  3. Diamond polishing cups
  4. Carbide burs in a high-speed handpiece Correct answer.

Explanation

Carbide burs in a high-speed handpiece efficiently cut enamel and dentin and remove old restorations while establishing the preparation outline. Finishing stones, polishing cups, and endodontic files serve other purposes.

Question 31Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which of the following describes the correct order for placing a direct composite restoration after the cavity preparation is complete?

  1. Etch, place composite, bond, cure, isolate, finish
  2. Place composite, etch, bond, isolate, cure, finish
  3. Bond, isolate, cure, etch, place composite, finish
  4. Isolate, etch, bond, place composite in increments, cure, finish Correct answer.

Explanation

Isolation keeps the field dry, then etching and bonding prepare the surface for adhesive composite, which is placed in increments, cured, and finished. Bonding must follow etching, and finishing is always last.

Question 32Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which personal protective equipment is essential for the dental assistant when handling uncured composite resin and bonding agents?

  1. Lead apron
  2. Hearing protection
  3. Gloves and eye protection Correct answer.
  4. Surgical gown

Explanation

Uncured resins and adhesives can irritate skin and eyes, so gloves and eye protection are standard. A lead apron is for radiography, and surgical gowns and hearing protection are not required for routine restorative work.

Question 33Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which material is most commonly used as a direct posterior restorative that is mixed from powder and liquid and sets by an acid-base reaction?

  1. Zinc oxide eugenol
  2. Composite resin
  3. Calcium hydroxide
  4. Glass ionomer Correct answer.

Explanation

Glass ionomer is a powder-liquid material that sets through an acid-base reaction and releases fluoride, making it useful for certain direct restorations. Composite sets by polymerization, calcium hydroxide is a liner, and zinc oxide eugenol is a sedative cement.

Question 34Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

When assisting with a Class II composite restoration, the dentist asks for a wedge. What is the assistant's most appropriate action?

  1. Prepare a mixing pad for cement
  2. Retract the patient's cheek
  3. Hand the dentist a matrix band
  4. Select a wedge sized to the embrasure and pass it with the inserter Correct answer.

Explanation

A wedge is placed into the proximal embrasure to adapt the matrix band and protect the adjacent tooth. Selecting the correct size and passing it with the proper inserter is the assistant's role.

Question 35Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

A dentist is placing a deep amalgam restoration and requests a base. Which material is most appropriate for providing thermal insulation and pulpal protection?

  1. Composite polishing paste
  2. Etching gel
  3. Fluoride varnish
  4. Glass ionomer or resin-modified glass ionomer base Correct answer.

Explanation

A base such as glass ionomer provides thermal insulation and pulpal protection beneath a deep amalgam restoration. Etching gel, polishing paste, and fluoride varnish do not serve as a structural base.

Question 36Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

After a composite restoration is cured, the dentist asks for a finishing bur to smooth the margins. Which bur type should the assistant anticipate?

  1. Fissure bur for bulk removal
  2. Diamond separation bur
  3. Multi-fluted carbide finishing bur Correct answer.
  4. Round bur for excavation

Explanation

Multi-fluted carbide finishing burs are designed to refine margins and smooth composite without aggressive cutting. Round burs, separation diamonds, and fissure burs are used for bulk removal or cutting, not fine finishing.

Question 37Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

During a Class I composite restoration, the dentist places the material in small increments. What is the main reason for this technique?

  1. To reduce the effects of polymerization shrinkage and ensure adequate cure depth Correct answer.
  2. To speed up the setting reaction
  3. To make the material easier to carve
  4. To increase the radiopacity of the material

Explanation

Incremental placement limits the volume of resin polymerizing at once, reducing shrinkage stress and helping light penetrate to the full depth. It does not accelerate setting or change radiopacity.

Question 38Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

The dentist is using a rubber dam during a restorative appointment. Which action by the assistant best maintains an effective isolation field?

  1. Checking that the dam is seated and the clamp is stable before the procedure begins Correct answer.
  2. Loosening the clamp to allow saliva to drain
  3. Removing the dam as soon as the first increment is placed
  4. Applying petroleum jelly to the dam

Explanation

Verifying that the dam is properly seated and the clamp is stable prevents leakage and contamination during the restoration. Removing or loosening the dam would compromise isolation, and petroleum jelly would not improve the seal.

Question 39Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

A patient reports sensitivity after a Class I composite restoration. Which factor should the assistant consider most likely when reviewing the procedure?

  1. Incomplete sealing or contamination during bonding Correct answer.
  2. Use of a rubber dam
  3. Placement of a wedge
  4. Excessive polishing of the restoration

Explanation

Postoperative sensitivity after composite is often linked to incomplete adhesive sealing or moisture contamination that leaves dentinal tubules exposed. Polishing, rubber dam use, and wedge placement are not typical causes.

Question 40Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

When a sectional matrix and separating ring are used for a Class II composite, what is the main benefit of the ring?

  1. It holds the rubber dam in place
  2. It delivers the composite into the cavity
  3. It separates the teeth slightly to compensate for band thickness and improve proximal contact Correct answer.
  4. It polishes the restoration after curing

Explanation

The separating ring pushes teeth apart slightly so the matrix band thickness does not prevent a tight proximal contact. It does not retain the rubber dam, deliver material, or polish the restoration.

Question 41Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which statement best describes the assistant's role in verifying occlusion after a new restoration is placed?

  1. Decide the final occlusal scheme without checking the opposite arch
  2. Hand the dentist articulating paper and help identify high spots for adjustment Correct answer.
  3. Remove the restoration if the patient reports discomfort
  4. Carve the occlusion independently without dentist direction

Explanation

The assistant supports the dentist by providing articulating paper and helping identify premature contacts for adjustment. Carving occlusion or removing restorations independently exceeds the assistant's role.

Question 42Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

A dentist is deciding between a direct composite and an indirect restoration for a large posterior tooth. Which factor most strongly favors an indirect approach?

  1. A patient who prefers a single-visit procedure
  2. Extensive loss of cuspal support requiring restored contour and strength Correct answer.
  3. A single small occlusal preparation
  4. A shallow preparation confined to enamel

Explanation

When significant tooth structure and cuspal support are lost, an indirect restoration can restore contour and strength more predictably. Small, shallow preparations are well suited to direct techniques and single visits.

Question 43Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

During a Class II amalgam restoration, why is the material condensed firmly in small increments?

  1. To adapt the amalgam to the cavity walls and reduce voids Correct answer.
  2. To light-cure the material faster
  3. To reduce the need for carving
  4. To bond chemically to enamel

Explanation

Firm condensation in increments helps adapt amalgam to the preparation walls and minimizes voids and weak areas. Amalgam does not light-cure, does not bond chemically to enamel without adhesive, and still requires carving.

Question 44Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which instrument is best suited for carving the occlusal anatomy of a freshly condensed amalgam restoration?

  1. Amalgam carrier
  2. Periodontal scaler
  3. Matrix retainer
  4. Hollenback carver Correct answer.

Explanation

A Hollenback carver is designed to shape occlusal anatomy and remove excess amalgam. A carrier delivers material, a scaler removes calculus, and a retainer holds the matrix band.

Question 45Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

When a light-cured composite is placed in a deep preparation, which factor most directly limits the depth of cure?

  1. The color of the matrix band
  2. The patient's age
  3. The type of suction tip used
  4. The opacity and thickness of the composite and the light intensity reaching the material Correct answer.

Explanation

Light penetration decreases with material thickness and opacity, so deep or opaque increments may not cure fully. Matrix band color, patient age, and suction tips do not directly determine cure depth.

Question 46Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

An assistant notices the matrix band is not adapted at the gingival margin during a Class II composite. What is the most appropriate immediate action?

  1. Ignore the gap and continue placing composite
  2. Apply extra etchant to the gingival area
  3. Remove the rubber dam to improve access
  4. Inform the dentist and assist in re-adapting the band or adding a wedge before material is placed Correct answer.

Explanation

A poorly adapted band can cause overhangs or gingival material extrusion, so the dentist should be informed and the band re-adapted before placement. Ignoring the gap or applying etchant does not solve the adaptation problem.

Question 47Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

A patient with a known latex allergy requires a restorative appointment. Which approach best reflects appropriate preparation?

  1. Proceed with standard latex gloves and monitor the patient
  2. Use powdered latex gloves but double them
  3. Use latex-free gloves and a latex-free rubber dam Correct answer.
  4. Apply latex gloves only after the dam is placed

Explanation

For a latex-allergic patient, all latex-containing items, including gloves and rubber dam, should be replaced with latex-free alternatives. Doubling or delaying latex gloves does not prevent an allergic reaction.

Question 48Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

During a direct restoration, the dentist asks for a Tofflemire retainer to be assembled. Which configuration is correct for a posterior tooth?

  1. The band loop faces the tooth with the retainer positioned buccally or lingually as access allows Correct answer.
  2. The retainer is placed on the opposite arch
  3. The band loop faces away from the tooth
  4. The band is left loose to allow material flow

Explanation

The Tofflemire band loop must encircle the prepared tooth with the retainer positioned where access permits, usually buccal or lingual. Facing the loop away, placing it on the opposite arch, or leaving the band loose defeats its purpose.

Question 49Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

Which statement about the handling of light-cured bonding agent is most accurate?

  1. It should be applied after the composite is placed
  2. It should be mixed with composite before curing
  3. It should be left as a thick pool to fill the cavity
  4. It should be applied in a thin layer, gently thinned, and cured before composite placement Correct answer.

Explanation

Bonding agent works best as a thin, even layer that is gently thinned and light-cured to form the hybrid layer before composite is placed. Thick pools, mixing with composite, or applying it afterward interfere with adhesion.

Question 50Restorative Functions - Unverified (source unavailable)

A patient reports a rough margin after a composite restoration. Which finishing sequence is most appropriate?

  1. Leave the margin rough to improve retention
  2. Apply etchant to the rough margin and cure
  3. Refine the margin with a fine finishing bur, then polish with cups or discs Correct answer.
  4. Use a coarse diamond to reshape the entire tooth

Explanation

Rough margins are refined with fine finishing burs and then polished with cups or discs to create a smooth surface. Coarse diamonds remove excess tooth structure, and etchant does not smooth a set restoration.