Flood
Flood types include riverine flooding (slow-onset, from prolonged rain), flash flooding (rapid, from intense local rain), coastal flooding (storm surge, tide) and dam failure. Know the flood warning terminology: a Flood Watch means flooding is possible; a Flood Warning means flooding is expected or occurring, with predicted heights. Understand Australian Height Datum (AHD) and that flood heights are compared to local gauge levels and previous events.
Key safety concepts: 'If it's flooded, forget it', never walk, ride or drive through floodwater, and stay away from drains and stormwater channels. Six inches of moving water can knock you down; 60 cm can float a vehicle. Floodwater is contaminated with sewage, chemicals and debris, and can hide damaged roads and submerged hazards. Understand evacuation - leave early when advised, take an emergency kit, and never return until authorities declare it safe.
Traps: questions often test whether to shelter in a roof space during rising flood - this is a last resort only, as rescue may be impossible. Another trap confuses a Flood Watch with a Flood Warning. Do not assume a vehicle provides safety in floodwater.
Rule of thumb: Move to higher ground early; never enter floodwater on foot or in a vehicle.
Worked example: A Flood Warning predicts a river peak above the 2011 level. The correct action is to evacuate early to higher ground with your kit, not to wait for water to reach the door.