Cargo Operations and Stowage
This domain mixes regulations with cargo arithmetic. Expect questions on the IMDG Code segregation table, the International Grain Code heeling-moment check, the IMSBC Code groups, the Cargo Securing Manual and routine documentation such as the bill of lading, mate's receipt and draft survey.
Regulatory framework
- CSS Code and the ship's Cargo Securing Manual govern lashing arrangements; the manual is ship-specific and approved.
- IMDG Code classes 1–9, segregation categories (away from, separated from, separated by a complete compartment or hold, separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment), stowage away from living quarters, dangerous goods manifest and EmS procedures.
- IMSBC Code groups: A (liquefaction), B (chemical hazard), C (neither, but may still be hazardous in bulk).
- International Grain Code: the ship must hold a document of authorisation.
Worked example - grain heeling arm
A hold has a volumetric heeling moment of 15,000 m⁴ and the grain stowage factor is 2.0 m³/t. Mass heeling moment = 15,000 / 2.0 = 7,500 t·m. Displacement 12,500 t. Heeling arm = 7,500 / 12,500 = 0.60 m. This arm is plotted against the GZ curve. The criteria are that the angle of heel from the assumed grain shift does not exceed 12° (or the angle of deck-edge immersion, whichever is less), and that the residual area between the heeling arm curve and the righting arm curve is at least 0.075 m·rad.
Practical stowage points
Ventilation: compare dew point of the hold air and outside air before ventilating - ventilate only when it will not cause condensation on the cargo. Hatch covers must be secured and reported before leaving port. Ballast water exchange and the Ballast Water Record Book apply to cargo operations as much as to the passage.
Traps that cost marks
- Using the volumetric heeling moment directly instead of dividing by stowage factor.
- Confusing IMDG segregation with grain criteria - they answer different questions.
- Signing a clean bill of lading for damaged cargo; the mate's receipt must record the true condition.
- Forgetting the draft survey corrections for density, trim and deflection.