I85PREP
⌘ K
Catalonia PAU Spanish Language and Literature study materials
Catalonia PAU Spanish Language and Literature study resources

Catalonia PAU Spanish Language and Literature practice questions

One question at a time. Build your Catalonia PAU Spanish Language and Literature understanding.

First 50 of 190 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1Spanish grammar and language

Identify the syntactic function of the underlined prepositional phrase in: 'María confía en sus posibilidades'.

  1. Complemento de Régimen (CRég / CRAG) Correct answer.
  2. Complemento Directo (CD)
  3. Complemento Circunstancial de Lugar (CCL)
  4. Atributo

Explanation

'En sus posibilidades' is a Complemento de Régimen (CRég) because the verb 'confiar' semantically and syntactically mandates the specific preposition 'en'.

Question 2Spanish grammar and language

Which value of the pronoun 'se' is present in the sentence: 'Se venden pisos en el centro'?

  1. Pasiva refleja Correct answer.
  2. Impersonal
  3. Reflexivo
  4. Dativo ético

Explanation

In 'Se venden pisos', 'se' marks pasiva refleja: the passive subject 'pisos' is plural and agrees in number with the verb ('venden'), convertible to 'Pisos son vendidos'.

Question 3Spanish grammar and language

Which word formation process created the word 'enloquecer' (en- + loq- + -ecer)?

  1. Parasíntesis Correct answer.
  2. Composición
  3. Prefijación pura
  4. Acronimia

Explanation

'Enloquecer' is formed by parasíntesis through the simultaneous addition of prefix 'en-' and suffix '-ecer' to the root 'loc-', where neither '*enloco' nor '*loquecer' exists as an independent word.

Question 4Spanish grammar and language

What syntactic function is performed by the subordinate clause in: 'Quiero que me digas la verdad'?

  1. Oración subordinada sustantiva en función de Complemento Directo (CD) Correct answer.
  2. Oración subordinada adjetiva explicativa
  3. Oración subordinada sustantiva en función de Sujeto
  4. Oración subordinada adverbial causal

Explanation

The clause 'que me digas la verdad' is a noun subordinate clause functioning as Direct Object of 'Quiero', replaceable by the neuter pronoun 'lo' ('Lo quiero').

Question 5Spanish grammar and language

Identify the syntactic function of 'triste' in: 'La alumna llegó triste a la prueba'.

  1. Complemento Predicativo (CPred) Correct answer.
  2. Atributo
  3. Complemento Circunstancial de Modo (CCM)
  4. Complemento Directo (CD)

Explanation

'Triste' is a Complemento Predicativo because it modifies both the verb 'llegó' and agrees in gender and number with the subject noun 'La alumna' (plural: 'Las alumnas llegaron tristes').

Question 6Text comprehension and analysis

Which of the following sentences contains an explicit modalizing marker of speaker subjectivity (modalización valorativa)?

  1. El informe gubernamental contiene exactamente noventa páginas.
  2. Lamentablemente, las autoridades reaccionaron demasiado tarde ante la crisis. Correct answer.
  3. La conferencia se celebrará el próximo martes a las diez de la mañana.
  4. Los participantes entregaron sus solicitudes en el registro oficial.

Explanation

The evaluative adverb 'Lamentablemente' and adverbial modifier 'demasiado tarde' explicitly convey the author's negative subjective stance and moral judgment regarding the reaction time.

Question 7Text comprehension and analysis

In pragmatics and textual commentary, which deictic category is instantiated by the adverb 'ayer' and the past tense verb 'llegaron' in the utterance: 'Ayer llegaron a la ciudad'?

  1. Deixis temporal Correct answer.
  2. Deixis social
  3. Deixis espacial
  4. Deixis discursiva

Explanation

Deixis temporal anchors the temporal reference of the utterance relative to the moment of speech, indicated here by the temporal adverb 'ayer' and the preterite tense inflection.

Question 8Text comprehension and analysis

Which argument type relies on invoking the statement of an recognized expert, institution, or prestigious research study to defend a thesis: 'Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la contaminación atmosférica causa millones de muertes anuales'?

  1. Argumento de experiencia personal
  2. Argumento de autoridad Correct answer.
  3. Argumento analógico
  4. Argumento afectivo-emotivo

Explanation

An argumento de autoridad supports a thesis by citing a recognized institution (World Health Organization) or specialist whose expertise lends credibility to the claim.

Question 9Text comprehension and analysis

Identify the primary text typology of an opinion column published in a daily newspaper that analyzes a current societal topic and aims to persuade readers.

  1. Texto expositivo-explicativo puro
  2. Texto periodístico argumentativo Correct answer.
  3. Texto instructivo-normativo
  4. Texto literario lírico

Explanation

An opinion column in journalism is a texto periodístico argumentativo because its fundamental objective is to present a subjective thesis supported by arguments to influence reader opinions.

Question 10Text comprehension and analysis

What cohesive device anticipates a full explanation that will be revealed later in the sentence: 'Le dijo esto: que no volvería a mentir'?

  1. Catáfora pronominal Correct answer.
  2. Anáfora léxica
  3. Elipsis verbal
  4. Deixis espacial

Explanation

Catáfora occurs when a word (the neuter demonstrative 'esto') refers forward to an element ('que no volvería a mentir') introduced immediately afterward.

Question 11Writing, cohesion and mediation

In textual cohesion, which mechanism is illustrated by using the demonstrative pronoun 'éste' to refer back to a noun introduced earlier: 'El profesor publicó el artículo; éste recibió comentarios elogiosos'?

  1. Anáfora pronominal Correct answer.
  2. Catáfora léxica
  3. Deixis espacial
  4. Elipsis nominal

Explanation

Anáfora pronominal occurs when a personal, demonstrative, or relative pronoun ('éste') refers back to an antecedent noun phrase ('el artículo') previously mentioned in the text.

Question 12Writing, cohesion and mediation

What cohesive function is performed by the connector 'sin embargo' in the sentence: 'Estudió durante semanas para el examen; sin embargo, no obtuvo la calificación deseada'?

  1. Marcador aditivo
  2. Marcador adversativo o contraargumentativo Correct answer.
  3. Marcador explicativo
  4. Marcador temporal

Explanation

The discourse marker 'sin embargo' functions as a contra-argumentative or adversative connector, introducing an obstacle or unexpected result that contrasts with the expectation set by the preceding clause.

Question 13Writing, cohesion and mediation

Which mechanism of lexical-semantic cohesion is instantiated when a general hyperonym ('vehículo') replaces a specific hyponym ('coche') in subsequent sentences?

  1. Recurrencia hiperonímica Correct answer.
  2. Sinonimia total literal
  3. Catáfora pronominal
  4. Deixis personal

Explanation

Recurrencia hiperonímica maintains textual cohesion by replacing a narrower, specific term (hyponym) with a broader, superordinate category term (hyperonym) to avoid repetitive phrasing.

Question 14Writing, cohesion and mediation

Which discourse connector is used to introduce a rephrasing or clarification of previously stated information (marcador reformulador explicativo)?

  1. Por consiguiente
  2. Es decir Correct answer.
  3. En primer lugar
  4. No obstante

Explanation

The connector 'es decir' is an explanatory reformulator used to explain, clarify, or restate an idea in clearer or more accessible terms.

Question 15Writing, cohesion and mediation

Which connector introduces a logical consequence resulting directly from a previously stated cause (marcador consecutivo)?

  1. Por lo tanto Correct answer.
  2. A pesar de que
  3. En cambio
  4. Puesto que

Explanation

The connector 'Por lo tanto' functions as a consecutive marker, introducing a logical consequence derived from the antecedent clause.

Question 16Literary text analysis

In Carmen Laforet's novel 'Nada', what is the name of the central protagonist whose arrival in post-civil-war Barcelona frames the narrative?

  1. Andrea Correct answer.
  2. Ena
  3. Gloria
  4. Angustias

Explanation

Andrea is the young orphan protagonist who arrives in Barcelona to study at the university, encountering the decayed atmosphere of her family's house on Calle Aribau.

Question 17Literary text analysis

What street in Barcelona serves as the claustrophobic setting for Andrea's family house in Carmen Laforet's 'Nada'?

  1. Calle Aribau Correct answer.
  2. Las Ramblas
  3. Passeig de Gràcia
  4. Carrer del Bisbe

Explanation

The family apartment on Calle Aribau symbolizes the moral decay, violence, and spiritual poverty of post-war Spanish society.

Question 18Literary text analysis

In Federico García Lorca's play 'La casa de Bernarda Alba', which character rebels against her mother's authority and wears a green dress to defy mourning?

  1. Adela Correct answer.
  2. Martirio
  3. Angustias
  4. Magdalena

Explanation

Adela, the youngest daughter, embodies passion, erotic desire, and rebellion, wearing a green dress and ultimately choosing suicide over submission.

Question 19Literary text analysis

What central symbol of tyrannical social control and matriarchal authority is wielded by Bernarda Alba in Lorca's play?

  1. El bastón Correct answer.
  2. El abanico de flores
  3. El manto negro
  4. La llave del pozo

Explanation

Bernarda's cane ('el bastón') symbolizes her authoritarian power, which Adela breaks in half during the climactic final act.

Question 20Literary text analysis

In Miguel de Unamuno's philosophical novella 'San Manuel Bueno, mártir', what is Don Manuel's agonizing secret?

  1. Ha perdido la fe en la vida eterna y la resurrección, pero finge creer para consolar a sus feligreses. Correct answer.
  2. Cometió un crimen en su juventud que oculta a las autoridades.
  3. Planea abandonar el sacerdocio para casarse en secreto.
  4. Es el autor de unos panfletos políticos revolucionarios.

Explanation

Don Manuel's tragic secret is his loss of faith in an afterlife; he acts as a spiritual martyr by keeping his disbelief secret to preserve the comforting faith of his villagers.

Question 21Spanish literary history

Which Nicaraguan poet initiated Modernismo in Hispanic literature with his landmark 1888 collection *Azul...*?

  1. Antonio Machado
  2. Rubén Darío Correct answer.
  3. Juan Ramón Jiménez
  4. José Martí

Explanation

Rubén Darío is recognized as the leader of Modernismo. His publication of *Azul...* in 1888 revolutionized Hispanic lyric poetry through sensorial imagery, exoticism, metrical innovation, and art-for-art's-sake aestheticism.

Question 22Spanish literary history

What historical event triggered the existential and socio-political crisis of the Generation of '98 (Generación del 98)?

  1. The outbreak of World War I in 1914
  2. The Spanish-American War of 1898 and the loss of Spain's last overseas colonies (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines) Correct answer.
  3. The proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931
  4. The end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939

Explanation

The 'Desastre del 98' (1898 loss of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines) plunged Spain into an identity crisis, prompting Gen of '98 writers (Unamuno, Baroja, Azorín, Machado) to critique national decay and search for Spain's essence.

Question 23Spanish literary history

What novelistic genre term did Miguel de Unamuno coin to describe his experimental narrative *Niebla* (1914)?

  1. Tremendismo
  2. Nivola Correct answer.
  3. Greguería
  4. Esperpento

Explanation

Unamuno created the term 'nivola' for *Niebla* to break away from 19th-century realist narrative conventions, focusing on philosophical dialogue, existential angst, and character-author confrontations (Augusto Pérez confronting Unamuno).

Question 24Spanish literary history

How did Antonio Machado's poetic focus evolve from *Soledades* (1903/1907) to *Campos de Castilla* (1912)?

  1. From intimate Introspectivist Symbolism to the landscape of Castile as a reflection of Spain's historical problem and social reality Correct answer.
  2. From political prose essays to pure Gongorist avant-garde poetry
  3. From surrealist theatre to religious devotional hymns
  4. From chivalric romance ballads to Latin translations

Explanation

*Soledades* reflects intimate, introspective symbolism (time, memories, melancholic solitude). *Campos de Castilla* turns outward, meditating on the Castilian landscape, historical destiny, regenerational criticism, and grief over his wife Leonor.

Question 25Spanish literary history

What aesthetic transformation characterized Ramón María del Valle-Inclán's career?

  1. A move from Latin epic poetry to French surrealism
  2. A shift from radical realism to religious mysticism
  3. An evolution from scientific treatises to romantic comedy
  4. A transition from elegant Modernist prose (*Sonatas*) to grotesque, satirical social deformation (*Esperpento*) Correct answer.

Explanation

Valle-Inclán began in refined, musical Modernism (*Sonatas* of the Marqués de Bradomín) and evolved toward the revolutionary technique of *esperpento* (*Luces de bohemia*, *Martes de Carnaval*), distorting reality to critique Spanish society.

Question 26Writing, cohesion and mediation

What is the primary function of anaphoric recurrence through synonymy (recurrencia sinonímica) in prose writing?

  1. Evitar la repetición léxica idéntica manteniendo el mismo referente semántico Correct answer.
  2. Cambiar drásticamente el tema del texto en cada párrafo
  3. Introducir contradicciones lógicas entre los personajes
  4. Eliminar los verbos de la oración principal

Explanation

Recurrencia sinonímica maintains coreference and cohesive flow while diversifying vocabulary, substituting a previously mentioned noun with a synonym.

Question 27Writing, cohesion and mediation

What is the function of the connector 'además' in text structure?

  1. Añadir nueva información que refuerza la línea argumentativa anterior (marcador aditivo) Correct answer.
  2. Expresar la causa determinante de un fenómeno
  3. Concluir y cerrar definitivamente el discurso
  4. Corregir un error tipográfico previo

Explanation

'Además' is an additive discourse marker used to introduce additional information or arguments that support the preceding discourse direction.

Question 28Text comprehension and analysis

In an argumentative essay, which function is fulfilled by presenting counter-arguments (contraargumentación) before refuting them?

  1. Desacreditar previamente las objeciones previsibles para reforzar la tesis principal Correct answer.
  2. Exponer hechos puramente objetivos sin emitir juicio alguno
  3. Resumir el texto de forma completamente neutral
  4. Enumerar las fuentes bibliográficas al final del ensayo

Explanation

Anticipating counter-arguments allows the author to neutralize potential objections before the reader formulates them, thereby strengthening the main thesis.

Question 29Text comprehension and analysis

Which of the following markers belongs to epistemic modalization (modalización epistémica), expressing the degree of probability or certainty felt by the speaker?

  1. Probablemente los resultados se publiquen mañana. Correct answer.
  2. Desgraciadamente el equipo perdió el partido.
  3. El edificio tiene ocho pisos de altura.
  4. El contrato vence el 31 de diciembre.

Explanation

The modal adverb 'Probablemente' explicitly encodes epistemic stance, signaling that the speaker assesses the proposition as probable rather than certain.

Question 30Text comprehension and analysis

What is the structural organization of an argumentative text that presents the thesis at the very end as a conclusion derived from prior premises?

  1. Estructura inductiva o sintetizante Correct answer.
  2. Estructura deductiva o analizante
  3. Estructura encuadrada
  4. Estructura paralela

Explanation

An inductive (or synthesizing) structure opens with specific facts, examples, or arguments and culminates in the main thesis as the final conclusion.

Question 31Text comprehension and analysis

Which feature is characteristic of journalistic editorial texts (editoriales)?

  1. Van firmados siempre por un periodista individual con su nombre completo.
  2. Expresan la postura ideológica oficial del medio de comunicación y no llevan firma individual. Correct answer.
  3. Tienen como único objetivo entretener mediante relatos de ficción.
  4. Utilizan exclusivamente un lenguaje poético y métrico.

Explanation

Editorials represent the official institutional opinion of the newspaper or media company and are traditionally published without an individual journalist's signature.

Question 32Text comprehension and analysis

Which linguistic resource functions as an objective marker in expository scientific texts (marcador de impersonalización u objetividad)?

  1. Uso preferente de la primera persona del singular (yo)
  2. Uso de oraciones impersonales y pasivas reflejas (se observó, se analizó) Correct answer.
  3. Abundancia de adjetivos calificativos valorativos (maravilloso, pésimo)
  4. Uso constante de interjecciones y signos de exclamación

Explanation

Scientific and expository prose uses passive reflexive constructions ('se observó') and impersonal structures to foreground the phenomenon being described and minimize subjective authorial presence.

Question 33Text comprehension and analysis

In textual analysis, what is meant by 'relevación temática' or 'progreso temático de tema constante'?

  1. Cada oración introduce un tema completamente nuevo sin vinculación con el anterior.
  2. Se mantiene el mismo tema en oraciones sucesivas y se le van añadiendo rhemas (informaciones nuevas) diferentes. Correct answer.
  3. El rhema de una oración se convierte inmediatamente en el tema de la siguiente.
  4. El texto carece de sujeto y de información novedosa.

Explanation

In constant-theme progression, the same topic (tema) is maintained across consecutive sentences while new predicate information (rhemas) is successively attached to it.

Question 34Text comprehension and analysis

Which of the following is an example of deixis personal in a dialogue?

  1. Tú sabes perfectamente lo que debemos hacer. Correct answer.
  2. Allí se construirá la nueva biblioteca.
  3. El año pasado viajamos a Girona.
  4. El libro fue publicado en el siglo XIX.

Explanation

The second-person pronoun 'Tú' and first-person plural verb inflection 'debemos' instantiate personal deixis, directly identifying the interlocutors in the speech situation.

Question 35Text comprehension and analysis

Which device characterizes rhetorical ironía in textual commentary?

  1. Dar a entender lo contrario de lo que se dice literalmente mediante el contexto pragmático Correct answer.
  2. Definir términos técnicos con total precisión matemática
  3. Repetir la misma palabra diez veces seguidas al inicio de cada verso
  4. Citar literalmente leyes constitucionales

Explanation

Irony is a pragmatic trope where the speaker conveys a meaning opposite to or different from the literal expression, relying on shared context for interpretation.

Question 36Text comprehension and analysis

Which argument type draws a comparison between two different situations that share structural similarities: 'Así como un edificio necesita cimientos firmes, la educación requiere una base sólida en la infancia'?

  1. Argumento analógico o de comparación Correct answer.
  2. Argumento estadístico o cuantitativo
  3. Argumento ad hominem
  4. Argumento de autoridad

Explanation

An argumento analógico establishes a parallel between two distinct domains (building foundations and childhood education) to support a conclusion in one of them.

Question 37Text comprehension and analysis

Which of the following option choices illustrates an ellipsis of the verb (elipsis verbal)?

  1. María estudia Biología; su hermano, Química. Correct answer.
  2. María y su hermano estudian en la universidad.
  3. Ella aprobó todas las asignaturas del curso.
  4. Los estudiantes llegaron temprano a la biblioteca.

Explanation

In 'su hermano, Química', the verb 'estudia' is omitted (ellipsed) and replaced by a comma, as its meaning is recovered from the first clause.

Question 38Text comprehension and analysis

In a text, what is meant by 'presuposición pragmática'?

  1. Información implícita que el emisor da por conocida y compartida por el receptor antes de emitir el enunciado Correct answer.
  2. La suma total de adjetivos calificativos de una oración
  3. El número exacto de palabras de un párrafo
  4. La traducción literal de una palabra extranjera

Explanation

A pragmatic presupposition is unstated background knowledge that the speaker assumes to be true and shared by the listener for the utterance to make sense.

Question 39Text comprehension and analysis

Which function of language (función del lenguaje) predominates in an essay whose primary goal is to persuade the reader to adopt a specific political view?

  1. Función conativa o apelativa Correct answer.
  2. Función fática o de contacto
  3. Función metalingüística
  4. Función poética

Explanation

The conative or apelative function focuses on the receiver, seeking to influence, convince, or change their behavior and opinions.

Question 40Text comprehension and analysis

Which of the following elements indicates modalización apreciativa through diminutives?

  1. Guardaba sus recuerdos en una cajita de madera. Correct answer.
  2. El vehículo circulaba a gran velocidad.
  3. La reunión se pospuso dos horas.
  4. El agua alcanzaba los cien grados.

Explanation

The diminutive 'cajita' adds an affective, subjective evaluation (modalización apreciativa) beyond the neutral descriptive term 'caja'.

Question 41Spanish grammar and language

Which value of the pronoun 'se' is present in the sentence: 'Pedro y Carlos se envían correos todas las semanas'?

  1. Se recíproco Correct answer.
  2. Se reflexivo
  3. Se impersonal
  4. Se variante de le (falso se)

Explanation

'Se envían' is reciprocal because two subjects ('Pedro y Carlos') perform and mutually receive the action of sending emails to each other.

Question 42Spanish grammar and language

In the compound sentence 'Los estudiantes que aprobaron el examen recibieron su diploma', classify the clause 'que aprobaron el examen'.

  1. Oración subordinada adjetiva de relativo especificativa Correct answer.
  2. Oración subordinada adjetiva de relativo explicativa
  3. Oración subordinada sustantiva de sujeto
  4. Oración subordinada adverbial concesiva

Explanation

It is a relative adjective clause (especificativa) modifying 'estudiantes' without commas, restricting the antecedent's reference specifically to those who passed.

Question 43Spanish grammar and language

Which of the following sentences contains a 'se' functioning as a false pronoun or variant of 'le' (se variante de le)?

  1. Se lo entregué ayer por la tarde. Correct answer.
  2. Se lava las manos antes de comer.
  3. Se arrepintió de sus palabras al instante.
  4. Se habla español en muchos países.

Explanation

In 'Se lo entregué', 'se' is the allomorph of the indirect object pronoun 'le' ('Le entregué el libro a él' -> 'Se lo entregué') to avoid the cacophonous sequence '*le lo'.

Question 44Spanish grammar and language

Classify the subordinate clause in the sentence: 'Aunque llovía a cántaros, fuimos a la montaña'.

  1. Construcción oracional subordinada concesiva Correct answer.
  2. Construcción oracional subordinada causal
  3. Construcción oracional subordinada final
  4. Construcción oracional subordinada condicional

Explanation

'Aunque llovía a cántaros' is a concessive clause introduced by 'aunque', presenting an obstacle that does not prevent the realization of the main action ('fuimos').

Question 45Spanish grammar and language

Identify the syntactic function of 'la carta' in: 'Le envié la carta a mi abuela'.

  1. Complemento Directo (CD) Correct answer.
  2. Complemento Indirecto (CI)
  3. Sujeto paciente
  4. Complemento de Régimen (CRég)

Explanation

'La carta' is the Direct Object (CD) because it receives the direct action of sending, is replaceable by 'la' ('Se la envié'), and becomes the subject in a passive transformation ('La carta fue enviada').

Question 46Spanish grammar and language

Which morphological analysis correctly identifies the components of the derivative word 'deshacer'?

  1. Prefijo derivativo 'des-' + lexema/raíz 'hac-' + vocal temática '-e-' + morfema flexivo de infinitivo '-r' Correct answer.
  2. Lexema 'deshac-' + sufijo '-er'
  3. Prefijo flexivo 'des-' + compuesto 'hacer'
  4. Parasíntesis de 'des-' y '-cer'

Explanation

'Deshacer' is a derivative formed by attaching the prefix 'des-' to the verb root 'hac-', followed by thematic vowel '-e-' and infinitive suffix '-r'.

Question 47Spanish grammar and language

In the sentence 'Me preocupa que no hayan llegado todavía', what syntactic function is performed by the subordinate clause 'que no hayan llegado todavía'?

  1. Oración subordinada sustantiva de Sujeto Correct answer.
  2. Oración subordinada sustantiva de Complemento Directo
  3. Oración subordinada adjetiva explicativa
  4. Oración subordinada adverbial de tiempo

Explanation

The clause 'que no hayan llegado todavía' is a noun clause functioning as the Subject of 'preocupa', demonstrable by replacing it with 'eso' ('Me preocupa eso') and pluralizing to 'esas cosas' ('Me preocupan esas cosas').

Question 48Spanish grammar and language

Which value of 'se' is present in the sentence: 'Se vive adecuadamente en esta ciudad'?

  1. Impersonal Correct answer.
  2. Pasiva refleja
  3. Reflexivo
  4. Dativo de interés

Explanation

In 'Se vive adecuadamente...', 'se' marks an impersonal construction because there is no nominal subject (the verb is intransitive and remains fixed in 3rd person singular).

Question 49Spanish grammar and language

Identify the perífrasis verbal and its type in: 'Tengo que entregar el proyecto mañana'.

  1. Perífrasis modal de obligación Correct answer.
  2. Perífrasis aspectual incoativa
  3. Perífrasis aspectual terminativa
  4. Perífrasis modal de probabilidad

Explanation

'Tengo que entregar' is a modal verbal periphrasis (tener que + infinitivo) expressing necessity or obligation.

Question 50Spanish grammar and language

In the sentence 'Llegaron cansados del viaje', what syntactic function is performed by 'cansados'?

  1. Complemento Predicativo del Sujeto Correct answer.
  2. Atributo
  3. Complemento Circunstancial de Modo
  4. Modificador directo del nombre

Explanation

'Cansados' is a Complemento Predicativo modifying the intransitive action verb 'llegaron' while agreeing in gender and number with the implicit subject 'Ellos'.