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Valencian Community PAU Spanish Language and Literature II / Lengua Castellana y Literatura II study materials
Valencian Community PAU Spanish Language and Literature II / Lengua Castellana y Literatura II study resources

Valencian Community PAU Spanish Language and Literature II / Lengua Castellana y Literatura II practice questions

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Question 1Spanish grammar and language

In the sentence 'Los estudiantes leyeron la obra con gran atención', what syntactic function is performed by the noun phrase 'la obra'?

  1. Direct Object (Complemento Directo) Correct answer.
  2. Indirect Object (Complemento Indirecto)
  3. Subject (Sujeto)
  4. Agent Complement (Complemento Agente)

Explanation

'La obra' is the Direct Object (CD) because it receives the direct action of the transitive verb 'leyeron', can be substituted by 'la' ('la leyeron'), and becomes subject in passive voice ('La obra fue leída').

Question 2Spanish grammar and language

Identify the value of the pronoun 'se' in the sentence: 'Laura se lava las manos antes de comer.'

  1. Reflexive pronoun (functioning as Indirect Object) Correct answer.
  2. Passive reflex marker (se pasivo reflejo)
  3. Impersonal marker (se impersonal)
  4. Variant of 'le' (se falso le)

Explanation

'Se' is a reflexive pronoun because the subject ('Laura') performs and receives the action; since 'las manos' is the Direct Object, 'se' functions as Indirect Object.

Question 3Spanish grammar and language

In morphological segmentation, what is the root (lexema) of the word 'desinteresadamente'?

  1. interes- Correct answer.
  2. des-
  3. -ada-
  4. -mente

Explanation

The root (lexema) carrying core semantic meaning is 'interes-' (from 'interés'). 'des-' is a prefix, '-ad-'/-'ado' derivative/participial formants, and '-mente' the adverbializing suffix.

Question 4Spanish grammar and language

Which syntactic function is fulfilled by the adjective 'cansados' in the sentence: 'Los excursionistas llegaron cansados al refugio'?

  1. Subject Complement / Predicative (Complemento Predicativo del sujeto) Correct answer.
  2. Attribute in a copulative sentence
  3. Direct Object
  4. Prepositional Complement of Manner

Explanation

'Cansados' is a Subject Predicative (Complemento Predicativo) because it modifies the predicate verb ('llegaron') while agreeing in gender and number with the subject ('Los excursionistas').

Question 5Text comprehension and analysis

Which textual typology is predominantly used in an opinion article published in a newspaper aiming to persuade readers regarding a social issue?

  1. Expository-argumentative text Correct answer.
  2. Purely narrative text
  3. Instructional-normative text
  4. Descriptive-technical text

Explanation

Opinion articles articulate a main thesis supported by logical or emotional arguments to persuade the reader, combining objective exposition of facts with subjective evaluation. Therefore, they belong to the expository-argumentative text typology.

Question 6Text comprehension and analysis

In textual pragmatics, which communicative function dominates in a sentence expressing the speaker's emotional state, such as '¡Qué profunda tristeza me produce esta situación!'?

  1. Expressive or emotive function Correct answer.
  2. Referential or representative function
  3. Appellative or conative function
  4. Phatic or contact function

Explanation

The expressive (or emotive) function focuses on the sender, highlighting their subjective feelings, emotions, or personal evaluations through exclamations and emotive vocabulary.

Question 7Text comprehension and analysis

Identify the enunciative modality of the sentence: '¿Ha aprobado toda la clase el examen de sintaxis?'

  1. Direct interrogative modality Correct answer.
  2. Aseverative declarative modality
  3. Desiderative modality
  4. Dubitative modality

Explanation

Direct interrogative sentences ask a question directly using question marks to elicit information from the hearer, constituting a direct interrogative enunciative modality.

Question 8Text comprehension and analysis

In pragmatic analysis, what type of deixis is established by words like 'aquí', 'allí', 'este lugar', and 'cerca'?

  1. Spatial deixis Correct answer.
  2. Personal deixis
  3. Temporal deixis
  4. Social deixis

Explanation

Spatial deixis anchors elements of discourse in space relative to the speaker's location using demonstratives and spatial adverbs like 'aquí' or 'allí'.

Question 9Text comprehension and analysis

What linguistic feature indicates a high degree of subjective modalization in an argumentative text?

  1. Use of evaluative adjectives and first-person verbs Correct answer.
  2. Exclusive use of passive sentences without agent
  3. Abundance of third-person technical definitions
  4. Prevalence of imperative verbs in formal legal statutes

Explanation

Subjective modalization reflects the author's stance through first-person personal pronouns/verbs ('creo', 'consideramos'), evaluative adjectives ('inadmisible', 'desastroso'), and modal adverbs.

Question 10Writing, cohesion and mediation

Which cohesion device is used when replacing a noun phrase with a pronoun, as in: 'María compró la novela. Ella la leyó en un día'?

  1. Anaphora (pronominal substitution) Correct answer.
  2. Cataphora
  3. Lexical ellipsis
  4. Asyndeton

Explanation

Anaphora occurs when a grammatical element (like the pronoun 'Ella' or 'la') refers back to an entity previously mentioned in the discourse ('María' and 'la novela').

Question 11Writing, cohesion and mediation

Which discourse connector signals a concession or obstacle that does not prevent the fulfillment of the main clause action?

  1. Sin embargo (adversative/conversive) Correct answer.
  2. Por lo tanto (consecutive)
  3. En primer lugar (organizer)
  4. Es decir (explanatory)

Explanation

'Sin embargo' (and 'no obstante', 'aunque') introduces a counter-argumentative or concessive relation, indicating an obstacle that is overcome or contrasted with the previous idea.

Question 12Writing, cohesion and mediation

In text linguistics, what distinguishes global text 'coherence' from textual 'cohesion'?

  1. Coherence concerns semantic unity, logical structure, and thematic relevance, while cohesion refers to explicit grammatical and lexical connectors linking sentences. Correct answer.
  2. Coherence only applies to spoken language, whereas cohesion applies exclusively to written texts.
  3. Cohesion deals with the author's biography, while coherence measures historical syntax rules.
  4. Coherence requires rhyming poetry, whereas cohesion requires prose paragraphing.

Explanation

Coherence is the underlying semantic consistency and logical topic progression of a text, while cohesion comprises the surface linguistic ties (pronouns, conjunctions, synonyms) connecting sentences.

Question 13Writing, cohesion and mediation

Identify the semantic cohesion mechanism present between the words 'árbol' and 'pino, roble, eucalipto' in a descriptive text.

  1. Hyperonymy and hyponymy Correct answer.
  2. Antonymy and complementariety
  3. Homonymy and homophony
  4. Paronymy and polysemy

Explanation

'Árbol' is a hyperonym (superordinate generic term), while 'pino', 'roble', and 'eucalipto' are co-hyponyms (specific subordinate members of that category).

Question 14Writing, cohesion and mediation

Which register feature is characteristic of formal journalistic opinion columns compared to colloquial speech?

  1. Carefully structured syntax, precise vocabulary, and rhetorical resources Correct answer.
  2. Abundance of unfinished sentences, slang idioms, and frequent vocalic hesitations
  3. Exclusive reliance on formulaic legal jargon and Latinisms
  4. Complete absence of adverbs and prepositions

Explanation

Formal written registers employ elaborated syntax, rich and precise lexicon, and deliberate stylistic devices to construct persuasive discourse.

Question 15Literary text analysis

In Ramón María del Valle-Inclán's esperpento 'Luces de bohemia', who is the blind bohemian poet protagonist who wanders through night-time Madrid?

  1. Max Estrella Correct answer.
  2. Don Latino de Hispalis
  3. Zaratustra
  4. Mateo el preso

Explanation

Max Estrella is the tragic, blind protagonist of 'Luces de bohemia', inspired by the real life of bohemian poet Alejandro Sawa.

Question 16Literary text analysis

What core theme drives the dramatic conflict in Federico García Lorca's play 'La casa de Bernarda Alba'?

  1. The clash between authoritarian oppression (Bernarda) and individual desire for freedom (Adela) Correct answer.
  2. The struggle between two rival merchant companies in Seville
  3. A comedy of errors regarding mistaken identity between twin brothers
  4. A historical documentary on 19th-century railway construction

Explanation

Lorca's tragedy pits Bernarda's tyrannical obsession with social convention and eight years of mourning against Adela's instinctual quest for love and freedom.

Question 17Literary text analysis

In Federico García Lorca's 'Romancero gitano', which character/symbol frequently represents death, destiny, and mysterious tragic omens?

  1. La Luna (The Moon) Correct answer.
  2. El buey (The ox)
  3. El tren (The train)
  4. El reloj de cuco (The cuckoo clock)

Explanation

In Lorca's poetry, the Moon ('La Luna') is a pervasive mythic symbol associated with death, cold metal, and tragic destiny (e.g., 'Romance de la luna, luna').

Question 18Literary text analysis

In Antonio Buero Vallejo's play 'La Fundación', what is the dramatic reality behind the luxurious research center that the protagonist Tomás imagines?

  1. It is actually a death-row prison cell where political prisoners are awaiting execution. Correct answer.
  2. It is a luxury cruise ship sailing across the Atlantic.
  3. It is a mental hospital located in the Swiss Alps.
  4. It is a theatrical stage where actors are rehearsing a comedy.

Explanation

Tomás suffers from a psychological delusion that transforms a bleak political prison cell into a comfortable modern research foundation ('La Fundación') to escape trauma.

Question 19Literary text analysis

What traditional metric form consisting of octosyllabic verses with assonance rhyme in even lines is used throughout Lorca's 'Romancero gitano'?

  1. Romance Correct answer.
  2. Soneto
  3. Silva
  4. Lira

Explanation

The 'romance' is the traditional Spanish poetic form (8-syllable lines, assonance rhyme on even-numbered lines) adopted and modernized by Lorca in 'Romancero gitano'.

Question 20Spanish literary history

Which literary generation or movement is characterized by deep existential and philosophical reflection on the 'Problem of Spain' following the loss of Spain's last overseas colonies in 1898?

  1. Generación del 98 Correct answer.
  2. Generación del 27
  3. Novecentismo (Generación del 14)
  4. Modernismo hispanoamericano

Explanation

The Generación del 98 (Unamuno, Baroja, Azorín, Antonio Machado, Maeztu) was profoundly marked by the 1898 Disaster, focusing on national regeneration, landscape, and existential doubt.

Question 21Spanish literary history

Who is the author of the celebrated poetry collection 'Campos de Castilla' (1912), reflecting on the Castilian landscape and Spain's destiny?

  1. Antonio Machado Correct answer.
  2. Federico García Lorca
  3. Juan Ramón Jiménez
  4. Miguel Hernández

Explanation

Antonio Machado wrote 'Campos de Castilla', a key work of the Generación del 98 that contrasts the noble past and bleak present of Castile.

Question 22Spanish literary history

Which major Spanish poet won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1956 and championed 'poesía pura' (pure poetry) and the pursuit of absolute beauty?

  1. Juan Ramón Jiménez Correct answer.
  2. Vicente Aleixandre
  3. Camilo José Cela
  4. Mario Vargas Llosa

Explanation

Juan Ramón Jiménez won the Nobel Prize in 1956 for his poetic work ('Ariel', 'Poesía pura', 'Diario de un poeta reciencasado', 'Platero y yo').

Question 23Spanish literary history

In which year did the poets of the Generación del 27 gather at the Ateneo de Sevilla to commemorate the tricentenary of Luis de Góngora's death?

  1. 1927 Correct answer.
  2. 1898
  3. 1914
  4. 1936

Explanation

The group took its name from the 1927 Sevilla gathering honoring Baroque poet Luis de Góngora.

Question 24Spanish literary history

What literary genre and style was inaugurated by Camilo José Cela with his 1942 novel 'La familia de Pascual Duarte'?

  1. Tremendismo (post-war crude existential realism) Correct answer.
  2. Magical Realism
  3. Modernist pastoral romance
  4. Chivalric romance

Explanation

Cela's 'La familia de Pascual Duarte' founded Tremendismo, a post-war narrative style highlighting harsh violence, squalor, and psychological alienation.

Question 25Text comprehension and analysis

In text analysis, what is the 'thesis' of an argumentative text?

  1. The main stance, position, or idea that the author defends Correct answer.
  2. The brief summary of historical facts mentioned in paragraph one
  3. The list of bibliographic sources cited at the end
  4. The rhetorical question used as a conclusion

Explanation

The thesis is the core assertion or position that the writer aims to prove or defend throughout the text using logical arguments.

Question 26Text comprehension and analysis

Consider the passage: 'Es lamentable que la sociedad digitalizada confunda la sobreinformación con el verdadero conocimiento.' Which modalization markers are present?

  1. A subjective evaluative adjective ('lamentable') and a value-laden noun distinction ('sobreinformación' vs 'verdadero conocimiento') Correct answer.
  2. An objective numerical data set and statistical proof
  3. A series of second-person imperative verbs directing reader actions
  4. An archaic passive construction lacking modal markers

Explanation

The adjective 'lamentable' conveys explicit speaker evaluation, while contrasting 'sobreinformación' with 'verdadero conocimiento' introduces value judgment into the message.

Question 27Text comprehension and analysis

Which type of argument is used in: 'Según el último informe de la UNESCO, el 40% de los jóvenes no tiene acceso regular a bibliotecas públicas'?

  1. Argument of authority combined with factual data Correct answer.
  2. Analogical argument based on personal fable
  3. Ad hominem fallacious attack
  4. Concessive counter-argument

Explanation

Citing an official recognized institution ('UNESCO') provides an argument of authority, while the '40%' figure adds quantitative data/fact-based argumentation.

Question 28Text comprehension and analysis

In the clause: 'Mañana os entregaremos los resultados aquí mismo', which elements fulfill temporal, personal, and spatial deixis respectively?

  1. 'Mañana' (temporal), 'os / entregaremos' (personal), 'aquí mismo' (spatial) Correct answer.
  2. 'Entregaremos' (spatial), 'mañana' (personal), 'resultados' (temporal)
  3. 'Resultados' (temporal), 'aquí' (personal), 'mañana' (spatial)
  4. 'Os' (spatial), 'entregaremos' (temporal), 'aquí mismo' (personal)

Explanation

'Mañana' locates time relative to speech time; 'os' (second person plural) and 'entregaremos' (first person plural verb form) encode personal deixis; 'aquí mismo' specifies the speaker's location.

Question 29Text comprehension and analysis

Analyze the structural organization of an argumentative text that presents the main thesis at the very beginning and then unfolds supporting arguments in subsequent paragraphs. What structural pattern does this follow?

  1. Deductive (or analytical) structure Correct answer.
  2. Inductive (or sinthetic) structure
  3. Framed (or enmarcada) structure
  4. Parallel structure

Explanation

A deductive (analytical) structure opens with the explicit formulation of the thesis and follows with arguments, examples, and deductions.

Question 30Text comprehension and analysis

What pragmatic mechanism is involved when an author uses rhetorical questions like '¿Hasta cuándo vamos a tolerar este deterioro medioambiental?' in an editorial?

  1. Appellative modalization seeking to engage and prompt reflection from the reader Correct answer.
  2. Strict metalinguistic explanation of grammatical rules
  3. Objective scientific reporting without emotional intention
  4. Phatic verification of sound transmission in radio broadcast

Explanation

Rhetorical questions act as an appellative and persuasive strategy, directly invoking the recipient to agree with the author's implicit moral stance.

Question 31Text comprehension and analysis

What type of argument is illustrated by: 'Al igual que un edificio necesita cimientos firmes para no derrumbarse, una sociedad requiere una educación de calidad para no colapsar'?

  1. Argument by analogy (analogía o comparación) Correct answer.
  2. Argument of quantitative statistics
  3. Argument by personal experience
  4. Argument ad hominem

Explanation

An argument by analogy draws a parallel between two distinct domains (building foundations vs educational foundations) to illustrate and support a principle.

Question 32Text comprehension and analysis

What is the function of discourse markers such as 'sin duda', 'por desgracia', and 'afortunadamente' in a commentary?

  1. Modalizers expressing the speaker's attitude or evaluation toward the statement Correct answer.
  2. Spatial deictics establishing physical coordinates
  3. Chronological connectors ordering temporal steps
  4. Grammatical prepositions introducing indirect objects

Explanation

Attitudinal discourse markers (modalizadores discursivos) signal speaker stance, certainty ('sin duda'), or emotional appraisal ('afortunadamente', 'por desgracia').

Question 33Text comprehension and analysis

In analyzing text enunciative structure, what is meant by 'polifonía' (polyphony)?

  1. The presence of multiple voices, quotes, or viewpoints within a single text Correct answer.
  2. The physical recording of choir music in literary theatre
  3. The exclusive use of first-person singular monologue without dialogic references
  4. The strict alternation of past and future tenses in narrative

Explanation

Polyphony (a concept developed by Bakhtin and Ducrot) refers to discourse incorporating different voices or perspectives, such as direct quotes, indirect speech, or irony.

Question 34Text comprehension and analysis

What pragmatic phenomenon occurs when a speaker says 'Hace mucho frío aquí' in order to indirectly request that someone close the window?

  1. Indirect speech act (acto de habla indirecto) Correct answer.
  2. Direct performative utterance
  3. Pure metalinguistic definition
  4. Cataphoric reference

Explanation

An indirect speech act occurs when the literal locutionary meaning (stating temperature) differs from the intended illocutionary force (requesting to close the window).

Question 35Text comprehension and analysis

Which type of text organization starts with a problem statement and subsequently presents one or more solutions?

  1. Problem-solution (problema-solución) structure Correct answer.
  2. Chronological narrative timeline
  3. Spatial descriptive arrangement
  4. Comparative-contrastive balance

Explanation

The problem-solution organizational structure introduces a troubling issue in the exposition and details proposals or measures to resolve it.

Question 36Text comprehension and analysis

Read the excerpt: 'Se afirma a menudo que la ciencia es completamente neutra. Sin embargo, no conviene engañarse: las prioridades investigadoras responden a intereses económicos muy concretos.' Analyze the modalization and counter-argumentative mechanism.

  1. The author introduces a widely held opinion ('Se afirma a menudo') as an impersonal premise, then refutes it using an adversative connector ('Sin embargo') and a deontic modalized verb ('no conviene engañarse') to introduce their main thesis. Correct answer.
  2. The text uses an inductive narrative structure with first-person plural imperatives and zero modalization.
  3. The passage relies exclusively on scientific quantitative data and an argument of authority.
  4. The excerpt is a purely descriptive text using spatial deixis to locate laboratory equipment.

Explanation

The author attributes the initial idea to a general voice ('Se afirma...'), establishes opposition with 'Sin embargo', and employs modalized expressions ('no conviene engañarse', 'muy concretos') to assert their critical stance.

Question 37Text comprehension and analysis

In the sentence 'Dígaselo mañana en cuanto llegue', identify the pragmatic and deictic values of the clitic pronouns '-se' and '-lo'.

  1. '-se' is the allomorph of the indirect object pronoun 'le' (personal deixis, 3rd person singular referring to the recipient), and '-lo' is the direct object pronoun (3rd person singular masculine/neuter referring to the information). Correct answer.
  2. '-se' is a passive reflex marker and '-lo' is a reflexive subject pronoun.
  3. '-se' is an aspectual marker indicating completed action and '-lo' is a spatial deictic pronoun.
  4. '-se' is an impersonal operator requiring a plural verb and '-lo' is an possessive adjective.

Explanation

When indirect object 'le/les' precedes direct object 'lo/la/los/las', 'le' transforms into 'se' (spurious/variant 'se') for phonetic reasons, both functioning as 3rd person deictic pronouns.

Question 38Text comprehension and analysis

Examine the cohesive role of nominal substitution in: 'El cambio climático amenaza los ecosistemas. Este fenómeno global exige medidas inmediatas.' What type of cohesive relation links 'El cambio climático' and 'Este fenómeno global'?

  1. Anaphoric lexical substitution via a hyperonymic/conceptual noun phrase accompanied by a demonstrative determiner Correct answer.
  2. Cataphoric pronominal ellipsis of the verbal predicate
  3. Phonetic rhyming repetition without semantic connection
  4. Antonymic opposition creating irony

Explanation

'Este fenómeno global' acts as an anaphoric hyperonymic summary phrase that substitutes and encapsulates 'El cambio climático', ensuring thematic continuity without lexical repetition.

Question 39Text comprehension and analysis

In an essay, what argumentative fallacy is committed if an author asserts: 'La propuesta del profesor Rodríguez sobre la reforma educativa no debe ser escuchada porque él nunca ha trabajado en la administración pública'?

  1. Fallacia ad hominem (attacking the person instead of the argument) Correct answer.
  2. Fallacia ad verecundiam (inappropriate appeal to authority)
  3. Fallacia ad populum (appeal to popular emotion)
  4. Fallacia post hoc ergo propter hoc (false cause assumption)

Explanation

An ad hominem fallacy rejects a claim by attacking personal attributes or background of the person making it, rather than evaluating the logical merits of the proposal.

Question 40Spanish grammar and language

Identify the subordinate clause in: 'Es necesario que entreguéis el trabajo a tiempo.'

  1. Substantive subordinate clause functioning as Subject (Sustantiva de sujeto) Correct answer.
  2. Relative adjectival clause modifying 'necesario'
  3. Adverbial causal clause
  4. Adverbial final clause

Explanation

'que entreguéis el trabajo a tiempo' is a substantive subordinate clause functioning as Subject of 'Es necesario' (can be replaced by 'eso': 'Es necesario eso' / 'Eso es necesario').

Question 41Spanish grammar and language

What morphological process creates the word 'paraguas'?

  1. Compounding (composición: parar + aguas) Correct answer.
  2. Derivation with prefixation
  3. Parasynthesis
  4. Acronymy

Explanation

'Paraguas' is formed by combining two independent lexemes/words: the verb form 'para' (parar) + the noun 'aguas'.

Question 42Spanish grammar and language

In the sentence 'Se alquilan apartamentos en la playa', what is the exact value and function of 'Se'?

  1. Passive reflex marker (marca de pasiva refleja) with plural subject 'apartamentos' Correct answer.
  2. Impersonal marker with direct object
  3. Reflexive pronoun indirect object
  4. Reciprocal pronoun direct object

Explanation

It is a passive reflex sentence ('pasiva refleja'): 'Se' accompanies the active verb 'alquilan' in 3rd person plural, agreeing with the passive subject 'apartamentos' ('Los apartamentos son alquilados').

Question 43Spanish grammar and language

Analyze the syntactic structure of: 'El profesor confía en que los alumnos aprueben la materia.' What function does the subordinate clause 'que los alumnos aprueben la materia' perform?

  1. Substantive subordinate clause functioning as Complement of Regime / Prepositional Object (Complemento de Régimen Verbal) Correct answer.
  2. Relative adjectival clause modifying 'profesor'
  3. Substantive subordinate clause functioning as Direct Object
  4. Adverbial modal clause

Explanation

The clause is introduced by the preposition 'en' required by the verb 'confiar en' (confiar en algo/eso), forming a substantive clause functioning as Complement of Regime (C.Rég).

Question 44Spanish grammar and language

In the sentence: 'El libro que me recomendaste resultaba fascinante', identify the syntactic function of the relative pronoun 'que' inside the relative clause.

  1. Direct Object of 'recomendaste' Correct answer.
  2. Subject of 'resultaba'
  3. Indirect Object of 'recomendaste'
  4. Attribute of 'fascinante'

Explanation

In the relative clause 'que me recomendaste', 'que' replaces 'el libro' and functions as the Direct Object of 'recomendaste' ('Tú me recomendaste el libro').

Question 45Spanish grammar and language

Classify the subordinate clause in: 'Aunque llovía con intensidad, los atletas completaron la maratón.'

  1. Concessive adverbial/orational clause (construcción concesiva) Correct answer.
  2. Causal adverbial clause
  3. Conditional adverbial clause
  4. Consecutive adverbial clause

Explanation

'Aunque llovía con intensidad' introduces a concession (an obstacle that does not prevent the main action 'completaron la maratón').

Question 46Spanish grammar and language

Determine the morphological formation method of the word 'enloquecer'.

  1. Parasynthesis (en- + loq- [loco] + -ecer, where neither 'enlocar' nor 'loquecer' exists independently) Correct answer.
  2. Simple derivation by suffixation
  3. Prefixation without category change
  4. Morphological compounding of two lexemes

Explanation

'Enloquecer' is a parasynthetic word formed by the simultaneous addition of prefix 'en-' and suffix '-ecer' to the root 'loc-' (loqu-), where neither 'enlocar' nor 'loquecer' exists as a standalone word.

Question 47Spanish grammar and language

What syntactic function does 'de que el tren se retrasara' perform in: 'No se percató de que el tren se retrasara'?

  1. Substantive subordinate clause functioning as Complement of Regime (Complemento de Régimen Verbal) Correct answer.
  2. Substantive subordinate clause functioning as Noun Complement
  3. Adjectival relative clause
  4. Adverbial temporal clause

Explanation

The verb 'percatarse' requires the preposition 'de' (percatarse de algo), making the clause a substantive Complement of Regime (C.Rég).

Question 48Spanish grammar and language

Identify the sentence containing an impersonal 'se' construction.

  1. En este restaurante se come excelentemente. Correct answer.
  2. Los jugadores se estrecharon las manos efusivamente.
  3. María se peina frente al espejo.
  4. Las entradas se vendieron en pocos minutos.

Explanation

'En este restaurante se come excelentemente' is an impersonal 'se' sentence: it has no grammatical subject, the verb remains strictly in 3rd person singular, and 'se' acts as an impersonalizer.

Question 49Spanish grammar and language

In the compound sentence 'Estudió mucho toda la semana, pero no obtuvo la calificación deseada', what is the relation between the two main coordinate clauses?

  1. Adversative coordination (coordinación adversativa) Correct answer.
  2. Copulative coordination
  3. Disjunctive coordination
  4. Explanatory coordination

Explanation

The conjunction 'pero' establishes an adversative coordinate relationship, restricting or contrasting the idea in the first clause.

Question 50Spanish grammar and language

What syntactic function does the prepositional phrase 'por la comisión de expertos' perform in: 'El informe fue redactado por la comisión de expertos'?

  1. Agent Complement (Complemento Agente) Correct answer.
  2. Complement of Regime
  3. Circumstantial Complement of Manner
  4. Indirect Object

Explanation

In a passive sentence ('fue redactado'), the prepositional phrase introduced by 'por' that performs the action is the Agent Complement (C.Ag).