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EXIN Cloud Computing Foundation study materials
EXIN Cloud Computing Foundation study resources

EXIN Cloud Computing Foundation practice questions

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Question 1Cloud Computing Foundations

Which cloud characteristic lets customers automatically obtain more compute capacity during a traffic spike without first contacting the provider?

  1. Rapid elasticity Correct answer.
  2. Measured service
  3. Resource pooling
  4. Broad network access

Explanation

Rapid elasticity describes the ability to scale resources outward and inward automatically or on demand, so capacity can grow during a spike and shrink afterwards without manual provisioning requests to the provider. Measured service concerns metering and billing, resource pooling concerns sharing hardware among tenants, and broad network access concerns reachability over the network.

Question 2Cloud Computing Foundations

A company wants to move email and CRM to a vendor-hosted service while keeping its payroll application on its own servers. Which deployment model does this describe?

  1. Community cloud
  2. Private cloud
  3. Hybrid cloud Correct answer.
  4. Public cloud

Explanation

A hybrid cloud combines two or more distinct deployment models that remain unique entities but are bound by technology enabling data and application portability. Here some workloads run in a vendor-hosted public cloud and others stay on the organization's own infrastructure, which is the defining hybrid pattern.

Question 3Cloud Computing Foundations

In the cloud service stack, which model gives the consumer the greatest degree of control over the operating system and runtime?

  1. Infrastructure as a Service Correct answer.
  2. Function as a Service
  3. Platform as a Service
  4. Software as a Service

Explanation

With Infrastructure as a Service the provider manages the physical layer and virtualization, while the consumer controls the operating system, middleware, runtime and applications. The higher-level models progressively remove that control because the provider manages the platform or the application itself.

Question 4Cloud Computing Foundations

Which statement best describes the provider's responsibility under the cloud shared responsibility model?

  1. Responsibility is transferred entirely to the customer once data is uploaded
  2. The customer secures the physical data center and the provider secures the applications
  3. The provider secures the cloud infrastructure while the customer secures what it puts in the cloud Correct answer.
  4. The provider secures everything, including customer data and access policies

Explanation

Under the shared responsibility model the provider is accountable for security of the cloud, such as facilities, hardware and the virtualization layer, while the customer remains accountable for security in the cloud, such as data classification, identity and access management and configuration. The split shifts with the service model but never disappears for either party.

Question 5Cloud Computing Foundations

What is the primary purpose of a hypervisor in a cloud data center?

  1. To bill tenants according to their monthly consumption
  2. To create and run virtual machines on shared physical hosts Correct answer.
  3. To encrypt traffic between the customer and the provider
  4. To balance incoming requests across application servers

Explanation

A hypervisor, or virtual machine monitor, abstracts physical hardware and lets multiple virtual machines run on a single host while isolating them from each other. Billing, encryption and request balancing are performed by other components such as metering systems, gateways and load balancers.

Question 6Cloud Computing Foundations

A team needs to run a containerized workload that scales out automatically and is billed only for the resources consumed while it runs. Which cloud capability does this rely on most directly?

  1. Data portability between providers
  2. Measured service with elastic provisioning Correct answer.
  3. Community cloud governance
  4. Single tenancy of the physical host

Explanation

Measured service provides pay-per-use metering, and elastic provisioning supplies capacity on demand, so the two together explain automatic scaling with consumption-based billing. Governance, portability and tenancy arrangements do not by themselves produce that billing and scaling behavior.

Question 7Cloud Computing Foundations

Which scenario is the clearest example of Software as a Service?

  1. Deploying application code to a managed runtime with automatic patching
  2. Renting virtual machines and installing your own database on them
  3. Leasing a dedicated physical server in a colocation facility
  4. Using a vendor-hosted webmail and calendar suite through a browser Correct answer.

Explanation

Software as a Service delivers a complete application that the provider operates and the consumer accesses, typically through a browser, without managing servers, runtimes or patches. Renting virtual machines is IaaS, a managed runtime is PaaS, and colocation is not a cloud service model at all.

Question 8Cloud Computing Foundations

Which benefit is most directly associated with the cloud characteristic of multitenancy through resource pooling?

  1. Guaranteed lower latency for every tenant at all times
  2. Complete isolation of each tenant on dedicated physical servers
  3. Permanent storage of tenant data inside the hypervisor
  4. Improved utilization of physical hardware and cost sharing among tenants Correct answer.

Explanation

Resource pooling lets a provider serve many tenants from shared physical capacity, which raises hardware utilization and spreads cost across consumers. It does not guarantee latency, does not imply dedicated hardware, and does not place tenant data in the hypervisor.

Question 9Cloud Computing Foundations

A regulated bank requires that its cloud workloads run on infrastructure used exclusively by that bank. Which deployment model fits this requirement?

  1. Private cloud Correct answer.
  2. Community cloud
  3. Hybrid cloud
  4. Public cloud

Explanation

A private cloud is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization, which satisfies a requirement that the underlying infrastructure not be shared with unrelated tenants. Public and community clouds involve sharing, and hybrid merely combines models without guaranteeing exclusivity.

Question 10Cloud Computing Foundations

Which item is normally the consumer's responsibility rather than the provider's, regardless of whether the service is IaaS, PaaS or SaaS?

  1. Availability of the virtualization layer
  2. Managing user identities and access permissions Correct answer.
  3. Physical security of the data center
  4. Maintenance of the underlying network fabric

Explanation

Identity and access management for the consumer's own users and data stays with the consumer in all service models, because the provider cannot know which of the customer's employees should reach which resource. Data center security, virtualization availability and network fabric maintenance belong to the provider.

Question 11Cloud Computing Foundations

What distinguishes a Type 1 hypervisor from a Type 2 hypervisor?

  1. Type 1 requires a graphical desktop, while Type 2 is always headless
  2. Type 1 is used only for desktop virtualization, while Type 2 is used only in data centers
  3. Type 1 only supports containers, while Type 2 only supports virtual machines
  4. Type 1 runs directly on the hardware, while Type 2 runs on top of a host operating system Correct answer.

Explanation

A Type 1 or bare-metal hypervisor runs directly on the physical host, whereas a Type 2 or hosted hypervisor runs as an application on a conventional operating system. The distinction concerns placement in the stack, not container support, desktop requirements or deployment location.

Question 12Cloud Computing Foundations

An organization wants to avoid provider lock-in for a containerized application. Which measure supports that goal most effectively?

  1. Packaging the application as standard container images and keeping data in portable formats Correct answer.
  2. Storing all persistent data in a proprietary managed database service
  3. Requiring all workloads to run on dedicated physical hosts
  4. Choosing the provider with the lowest list price for compute

Explanation

Portability depends on using open, standard packaging and data formats so the workload can be redeployed elsewhere with limited rework. Proprietary managed services increase lock-in, price alone does not address portability, and dedicated hosts do not make an application movable.

Question 13Cloud Computing Foundations

Which cloud service category is most appropriate when a team wants to upload source code and have the provider manage the runtime, scaling and patching of the execution environment?

  1. Desktop as a Service
  2. Infrastructure as a Service
  3. Platform as a Service Correct answer.
  4. Software as a Service

Explanation

Platform as a Service supplies a managed runtime in which the provider handles the operating system, middleware, scaling and patching while the team supplies and maintains only the application. IaaS would leave the runtime to the team, SaaS would deliver a finished application, and DaaS delivers virtual desktops.

Question 14Cloud Computing Foundations

Why can a provider offer lower per-unit cost in a large public cloud than a small organization achieves in its own data center?

  1. Because public cloud workloads are exempt from security controls
  2. Because economies of scale reduce the provider's cost of hardware, power and operations per tenant Correct answer.
  3. Because tenants are billed only when their virtual machines are switched off
  4. Because the provider stores each tenant's data on separate physical disks

Explanation

Large providers buy hardware and power in bulk and spread operational staff and facilities across many tenants, so the cost per unit of capacity falls. Security obligations are not removed, billing does not stop when machines are off in general, and separate disks per tenant would raise rather than lower cost.

Question 15Cloud Computing Foundations

Which statement about the relationship between virtualization and cloud computing is accurate?

  1. Virtualization is a key enabling technology for pooling and elasticity but is not the definition of cloud Correct answer.
  2. Virtualization is a prerequisite for every cloud service model, including SaaS
  3. Cloud computing always requires a Type 2 hypervisor on the consumer's laptop
  4. Virtualization and cloud computing are synonyms for the same concept

Explanation

Virtualization provides the abstraction that makes pooling and rapid provisioning practical, but cloud computing is defined by its essential characteristics and service and deployment models rather than by any single technology. SaaS may be delivered without the consumer seeing virtualization at all, and the two terms are not synonyms.

Question 16Cloud Computing Foundations

What does the term broad network access mean among the essential characteristics of cloud computing?

  1. Network traffic is always unencrypted to simplify access
  2. Access is limited to devices supplied by the provider
  3. Every customer receives a dedicated physical network link
  4. Services are reachable over the network through standard mechanisms from a range of client devices Correct answer.

Explanation

Broad network access means capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms such as phones, laptops and workstations. It says nothing about dedicated links, encryption policy or provider-supplied devices.

Question 17Cloud Computing Foundations

A company wants to run a workload on provider-managed infrastructure but requires that the hardware be dedicated to its own account for compliance reasons. Which offering matches this need?

  1. A community cloud shared with industry peers
  2. A public serverless function platform
  3. A shared multi-tenant virtual machine
  4. A single-tenant or dedicated host offering Correct answer.

Explanation

A single-tenant or dedicated host offering gives the customer exclusive use of physical hardware while the provider still manages the facility and often the virtualization layer. Shared virtual machines and serverless platforms run on pooled hardware, and a community cloud is shared with other organizations.

Question 18Cloud Computing Foundations

Which practice best supports the exit strategy of an organization that stores backups in a public cloud?

  1. Relying on a proprietary backup format that only the provider's tools can read
  2. Storing the only copy in a single region of a single provider
  3. Deleting the encryption keys so the provider cannot read the backups
  4. Keeping an independent copy in a standard format and testing restoration elsewhere Correct answer.

Explanation

An exit strategy requires that data remain retrievable and usable without the current provider, which means standard formats, an independent copy and tested restoration. Proprietary formats and single-provider single-region copies deepen dependence, and destroying keys makes the data unrecoverable.

Question 19Cloud Computing Foundations

Which characteristic distinguishes cloud metering from flat-rate hosting?

  1. Billing is based on the number of employees in the customer organization
  2. Charges apply only when the provider suffers an outage
  3. Resources are billed according to measured consumption of the service used Correct answer.
  4. Customers pay a fixed annual fee regardless of usage

Explanation

Measured service means the provider meters resource use, such as compute hours, storage or requests, and bills accordingly, often with reporting visible to both parties. Flat fees, headcount-based pricing and outage-based credits are different commercial arrangements.

Question 20Cloud Computing Foundations

Which statement correctly pairs a cloud service model with what the provider manages?

  1. IaaS: the provider manages the application code and its business logic
  2. SaaS: the provider manages only the physical hardware and nothing above it
  3. PaaS: the provider manages the runtime and middleware but not the application code Correct answer.
  4. IaaS: the provider manages the guest operating system inside the virtual machine

Explanation

In PaaS the provider operates the platform layer, including runtime and middleware, while the customer deploys and maintains the application. In IaaS the customer still manages the guest operating system and application, and in SaaS the provider manages far more than hardware.

Question 21Cloud Computing Foundations

What is the main purpose of a service level agreement in a cloud contract?

  1. To describe the provider's internal software architecture in detail
  2. To guarantee that the service will never experience an outage
  3. To define measurable service commitments and the remedies available if they are missed Correct answer.
  4. To transfer all legal liability for data loss to the customer

Explanation

A service level agreement specifies measurable targets such as availability and performance together with the remedies, often service credits, that apply when the targets are not met. It does not eliminate outages, shift all liability to the customer, or document internal architecture.

Question 22Cloud Computing Foundations

A team deploys the same container image to two different cloud providers with minimal changes. Which cloud property does this demonstrate?

  1. Vendor lock-in
  2. Portability Correct answer.
  3. Multitenancy
  4. Vertical scaling

Explanation

Portability is the ability to move workloads and data between environments with limited rework, which is what redeploying the same image on a second provider shows. Lock-in is the opposite, multitenancy concerns shared infrastructure, and vertical scaling concerns resizing a single machine.

Question 23Cloud Computing Foundations

Which situation is the strongest argument for choosing a community cloud?

  1. Several hospitals need a shared environment that satisfies the same regulatory regime Correct answer.
  2. A single company wants infrastructure used only by itself
  3. A developer wants a local hypervisor on a laptop
  4. A startup wants the lowest-cost shared public capacity

Explanation

A community cloud is provisioned for use by a specific community of organizations with shared concerns such as a common compliance regime, which fits several hospitals under the same regulation. Exclusive single-organization use is a private cloud, lowest-cost public capacity is a public cloud, and a laptop hypervisor is not a cloud deployment.

Question 24Cloud Computing Foundations

Which factor most directly explains why cloud consumers must still apply their own patching and configuration inside IaaS virtual machines?

  1. The provider's responsibility ends at the virtualization layer in IaaS Correct answer.
  2. Virtual machines cannot receive security updates
  3. Patching is unnecessary once a workload runs in the cloud
  4. The provider is legally barred from patching guest systems

Explanation

Under the shared responsibility model the provider manages the physical and virtualization layers, while the guest operating system and everything above it belong to the customer in IaaS. Legal restrictions, technical impossibility and the idea that cloud removes the need for patching are all incorrect.

Question 25Cloud Computing Foundations

Which combination best describes the essential characteristics that distinguish cloud computing from traditional hosting?

  1. Colocation, private links, annual billing and single tenancy
  2. On-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity and measured service Correct answer.
  3. Virtualization, containerization, orchestration and microservices
  4. Dedicated hardware, fixed contracts, manual provisioning and per-seat licensing

Explanation

The widely used definition of cloud computing rests on on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity and measured service. The other lists mix commercial arrangements or implementation technologies that are neither necessary nor sufficient on their own.

Question 26Cloud Computing Foundations

Which cloud computing definition model places the provider in charge of the physical infrastructure while the consumer retains control over the operating system, middleware, and applications?

  1. Function as a Service
  2. Software as a Service
  3. Infrastructure as a Service Correct answer.
  4. Platform as a Service

Explanation

In IaaS the provider manages the data center, servers, storage, and network virtualization, while the consumer still administers the guest operating system and everything running above it. This division of responsibility is what separates IaaS from higher-level models where the provider also runs the runtime and application stack.

Question 27Cloud Computing Foundations

Which essential cloud characteristic describes a consumer's ability to automatically provision computing capabilities, such as server time and storage, without human interaction with the provider?

  1. Measured service
  2. On-demand self-service Correct answer.
  3. Rapid elasticity
  4. Resource pooling

Explanation

On-demand self-service means the consumer can obtain resources unilaterally through a provider interface, with no manual approval or human mediation. Rapid elasticity concerns scaling speed and release of capacity, and measured service concerns metering, so neither captures the self-provisioning aspect.

Question 28Cloud Computing Foundations

A provider's cloud spans several physical data centers in different regions, and the consumer can choose where data is stored and fail over between locations. Which cloud deployment consideration does this primarily address?

  1. Interoperability
  2. Elasticity
  3. Chargeback
  4. Resilience and availability Correct answer.

Explanation

Spreading workloads across geographically separate facilities reduces the impact of a single site failure and supports continuity planning, which is the resilience and availability concern. Geographic placement also has regulatory implications, but the described capability of surviving a site outage is fundamentally about availability.

Question 29Cloud Computing Foundations

Which statement correctly describes the shared responsibility boundary for data stored in a SaaS application?

  1. The consumer is responsible for patching the underlying database servers
  2. The provider is responsible for securing the application and platform, while the consumer remains accountable for the data it enters and who may access it Correct answer.
  3. Responsibility for data protection is transferred entirely to the provider once data is uploaded
  4. The provider is responsible for the accuracy and classification of the consumer's data

Explanation

Even in SaaS the provider secures the application and the platform it runs on, but the consumer remains accountable for the content, classification, and access entitlements of its own data. Accountability for data cannot be outsourced merely by choosing a SaaS model.

Question 30Cloud Computing Foundations

An enterprise needs cloud services that only organizations within its own industry can join, and the members share a common compliance regime. Which deployment model fits this requirement?

  1. Community cloud Correct answer.
  2. Public cloud
  3. Hybrid cloud
  4. Private cloud

Explanation

A community cloud is provisioned for a specific group of organizations that share concerns such as compliance or mission, and it may be operated by a member or a third party. The defining feature is the restricted, shared constituency rather than exclusive use by a single organization.

Question 31Cloud Computing Foundations

A company wants to move a legacy application to the cloud with almost no code changes, keeping the same operating system and database it runs today. Which migration approach does this describe?

  1. Refactoring
  2. Rehosting Correct answer.
  3. Retiring
  4. Re-platforming

Explanation

Rehosting, often called lift and shift, moves a workload to cloud infrastructure with minimal modification, preserving the existing stack. Re-platforming would change components such as the database engine, and refactoring would redesign the application architecture.

Question 32Cloud Computing Foundations

Which mechanism most directly enables a consumer to compare actual cloud consumption against a budget and charge costs back to internal departments?

  1. Encrypting data at rest
  2. Signing a service level agreement
  3. Configuring autoscaling policies
  4. Tagging resources and using metering data from the provider Correct answer.

Explanation

Metered usage records combined with resource tags allow costs to be attributed to owners, projects, or departments for showback and chargeback. Encryption, autoscaling, and SLAs affect security, capacity, and service commitments but do not by themselves attribute spend.

Question 33Cloud Computing Foundations

Which statement best explains why a virtual machine snapshot is not a substitute for a full backup strategy?

  1. Snapshots typically depend on the storage platform and may not be restorable after migrating to another provider Correct answer.
  2. Snapshots cannot be taken while the virtual machine is running
  3. Snapshots are stored inside the guest operating system file system
  4. Snapshots always consume more storage than full backups

Explanation

Snapshots are usually tied to the provider's block storage implementation, so they may not be portable to another platform or usable after a move. A sound backup strategy requires independent, portable copies that can be restored elsewhere, which is also central to avoiding lock-in.

Question 34Cloud Computing Foundations

In the cloud computing reference architecture, which layer sits between the physical resources and the services offered to consumers, providing the abstraction that makes pooled resources appear as logical units?

  1. The integration layer
  2. The network layer
  3. The consumer business process layer
  4. The resource abstraction and control layer Correct answer.

Explanation

The resource abstraction and control layer hides the complexity of physical hardware and provides the control functions that let providers allocate pooled resources to consumers. It is the layer that turns raw compute, storage, and network into manageable logical resources.

Question 35Cloud Computing Foundations

A workload has predictable, steady demand during business hours and very low demand at night, and the provider bills per hour of running instances. Which action reduces cost while preserving daytime capacity?

  1. Scheduling instances to stop outside business hours Correct answer.
  2. Adding a second region for the same workload
  3. Moving the workload to a dedicated host
  4. Increasing the instance size for the whole day

Explanation

When billing is based on running time, stopping instances during periods of no demand removes charges for those hours while the same capacity remains available during business hours. Making instances larger or duplicating infrastructure increases consumption rather than reducing it.

Question 36Cloud Computing Foundations

Which statement accurately distinguishes a public cloud from a private cloud?

  1. A private cloud must be located on the organization's own premises
  2. A public cloud is provisioned for open use by the general public, whereas a private cloud is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization Correct answer.
  3. A public cloud cannot offer isolated virtual networks to a consumer
  4. A public cloud is always cheaper than a private cloud for the same workload

Explanation

The distinction lies in who may use the infrastructure: public cloud is open to the general public and private cloud is dedicated to one organization, which may be a third party. Location and cost are separate considerations and do not define the model.

Question 37Cloud Computing Foundations

Which action best mitigates the risk that a cloud provider's failure leaves an organization unable to access its critical systems?

  1. Designing the architecture so critical components can run on an alternative platform Correct answer.
  2. Increasing the size of the primary database
  3. Extending the contract term with the current provider
  4. Negotiating a lower unit price

Explanation

Continuity against provider failure depends on architectural portability, such as avoiding proprietary dependencies and keeping deployable artifacts ready for another environment. Commercial terms and capacity changes do not by themselves provide an alternative place to run.

Question 38Cloud Computing Foundations

Which pairing of an essential cloud characteristic with a typical consumer benefit is correct?

  1. Broad network access - the consumer must use a provider-specific client installed on site
  2. Measured service - the consumer pays only for what is consumed and receives usage transparency Correct answer.
  3. Rapid elasticity - the consumer signs a fixed multi-year capacity commitment
  4. Resource pooling - the consumer receives a physically dedicated server

Explanation

Measured service means usage is monitored and reported, so billing reflects actual consumption and the consumer gains transparency. The other pairings attach benefits that contradict the characteristic they are matched with.

Question 39Cloud Computing Foundations

An organization must keep certain records inside a specific country and also wants to use a provider's global analytics services. Which design most directly satisfies both requirements?

  1. Storing the records on the consumer's laptops outside the cloud
  2. Storing the records in the provider's default region and relying on encryption
  3. Selecting a provider region inside the required country for the records while using global services only on de-identified data Correct answer.
  4. Replicating the records to every region to improve availability

Explanation

Data residency is addressed by controlling where the data is stored, which in practice means choosing an in-country region and keeping regulated records there. Analytics on de-identified data avoids moving the protected records across borders while still using the global service.

Question 40Cloud Computing Foundations

Which statement about the role of virtualization in delivering cloud elasticity is accurate?

  1. Virtualization prevents multiple tenants from sharing a host
  2. Virtualization allows capacity to be reallocated among workloads without physical reinstallation, which supports rapid scaling Correct answer.
  3. Virtualization requires each workload to have its own physical server
  4. Virtualization eliminates the need for metering of resource consumption

Explanation

By decoupling workloads from specific hardware, virtualization lets providers start, move, and resize instances quickly, which is what makes elastic scaling practical. Sharing and metering remain possible and in fact depend on this abstraction.

Question 41Cloud Architecture and Service Models

In the NIST cloud computing reference model, which actor actually provides the services that are consumed by end users?

  1. The cloud auditor
  2. The cloud carrier
  3. The cloud broker
  4. The cloud provider Correct answer.

Explanation

The NIST reference model separates five actors. The cloud provider is the entity that makes services available to consumers, whether through SaaS, PaaS or IaaS. Carriers, auditors and brokers support the transaction but do not deliver the service itself.

Question 42Cloud Architecture and Service Models

A company wants to deploy its own applications but does not want to manage virtual machines, operating systems or middleware. Which service model fits best?

  1. Infrastructure as a Service
  2. Platform as a Service Correct answer.
  3. Desktop as a Service
  4. Software as a Service

Explanation

PaaS gives the consumer a managed runtime with languages, libraries and tools, while the provider handles the underlying infrastructure and operating system. The consumer controls only the deployed application and its configuration. IaaS would leave OS and middleware patching with the consumer.

Question 43Cloud Architecture and Service Models

Which characteristic of cloud computing allows resources to be added or released automatically in response to demand, often without human intervention?

  1. Measured service
  2. Broad network access
  3. Rapid elasticity Correct answer.
  4. Resource pooling

Explanation

Rapid elasticity describes the ability to scale capabilities out and in elastically, sometimes automatically, so capacity appears unlimited to the consumer. Measured service concerns metering, pooling concerns shared physical resources, and broad network access concerns reachability over the network.

Question 44Cloud Architecture and Service Models

Which cloud deployment model places infrastructure on the customer's own premises and is operated solely for that single organization?

  1. Hybrid cloud
  2. Public cloud
  3. Private cloud Correct answer.
  4. Community cloud

Explanation

A private cloud is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization, and it may be owned, managed and operated on or off the organization's premises. The defining trait is exclusive use by one organization, not the physical location alone.

Question 45Cloud Architecture and Service Models

What is the primary purpose of a hypervisor in a virtualized cloud data center?

  1. To bill consumers for their measured resource consumption
  2. To encrypt data at rest on the storage area network
  3. To distribute incoming traffic across several web servers
  4. To abstract physical hardware and run multiple virtual machines on it Correct answer.

Explanation

A hypervisor, or virtual machine monitor, decouples virtual machines from the physical host and allocates CPU, memory and I/O among them. Metering, load balancing and storage encryption are separate functions performed by other components.

Question 46Cloud Architecture and Service Models

Which statement best describes multi-tenancy in a public cloud?

  1. Tenants must run identical operating systems to share hardware
  2. Each consumer receives a dedicated physical server for isolation
  3. Physical or virtual resources are shared among multiple consumers while remaining logically isolated Correct answer.
  4. Only one consumer may use a service instance at any moment

Explanation

Multi-tenancy means resources are pooled and shared across consumers, with logical separation of each tenant's data and workload. It is a key enabler of the economies of scale in public clouds. Dedicated hardware and single-occupancy instances are the opposite of multi-tenancy.

Question 47Cloud Architecture and Service Models

Which cloud service model gives the consumer the greatest degree of control over the operating system and runtime environment?

  1. Infrastructure as a Service Correct answer.
  2. Function as a Service
  3. Platform as a Service
  4. Software as a Service

Explanation

In IaaS the provider manages the physical infrastructure, while the consumer controls operating systems, storage and deployed applications. Control decreases as you move up the stack to PaaS, and further to SaaS, where only application settings are configurable.

Question 48Cloud Architecture and Service Models

Which essential characteristic is demonstrated when a consumer uses a cloud service from a laptop, a tablet and a smartphone over standard internet connections?

  1. On-demand self-service
  2. Measured service
  3. Broad network access Correct answer.
  4. Rapid elasticity

Explanation

Broad network access means capabilities are available over the network through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms. Access from several device types over standard connections is the textbook illustration of this characteristic.

Question 49Cloud Architecture and Service Models

A hospital group and three partner clinics share a cloud environment built for their common regulatory requirements, and no other organizations use it. Which deployment model is this?

  1. Private cloud
  2. Community cloud Correct answer.
  3. Hybrid cloud
  4. Public cloud

Explanation

A community cloud is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers that share concerns such as compliance or mission. Because several distinct organizations share it, it is not a private cloud, and it is not open to the general public.

Question 50Cloud Architecture and Service Models

Which pairing of cloud service model and consumer responsibility is correct?

  1. IaaS: the provider patches the guest operating system
  2. PaaS: the consumer manages the hypervisor
  3. IaaS: the consumer manages the guest operating system and its applications Correct answer.
  4. SaaS: the consumer manages the application's underlying runtime

Explanation

In the IaaS split, the provider operates the physical infrastructure and virtualization layer, while the consumer is responsible for guest operating systems, middleware and applications. Moving up to PaaS and SaaS shifts progressively more of that responsibility to the provider.