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FAA MEI practice questions

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Question 1Fundamentals of Instructing

In the FAA instructor role, which responsibility is described as ensuring a student can perform a task without the instructor's assistance before signing off the maneuver?

  1. Reporting the learner's progress to the local flight standards office
  2. Scheduling the checkride with a designated pilot examiner
  3. Certifying that the learner meets the standard independently Correct answer.
  4. Documenting only the hours flown during dual instruction

Explanation

An instructor endorses a maneuver only after the learner performs it to the stated standard without prompting or assistance. The endorsement certifies personal knowledge of the learner's competence, not merely completion of flight time.

Question 2Fundamentals of Instructing

The four levels of learning used in aviation instruction are rote, understanding, application, and which additional level?

  1. Observation
  2. Correlation Correct answer.
  3. Evaluation
  4. Memorization

Explanation

The accepted hierarchy moves from rote memorization to understanding, then application, and finally correlation, where the learner relates separate knowledge areas into a coherent whole. Correlation represents the highest level because the learner can integrate and transfer learning.

Question 3Fundamentals of Instructing

Which characteristic of learning is illustrated when a student who learned crosswind technique in a light trainer applies the same principle to a heavier aircraft?

  1. Learning is multifaceted
  2. Learning is an active process
  3. Learning is transferable Correct answer.
  4. Learning is purposeful

Explanation

Transfer of learning occurs when prior knowledge or skill influences the learning of a new but related task. Carrying a crosswind principle from one aircraft to another is a direct example of positive transfer.

Question 4Fundamentals of Instructing

Which principle of learning states that a student learns best when the training is meaningful and relates to a personal goal?

  1. Intensity
  2. Readiness Correct answer.
  3. Recency
  4. Primacy

Explanation

Readiness describes the learner's eagerness and willingness to learn when material is relevant to personal goals. Without readiness, instruction is likely to be inefficient regardless of instructor technique.

Question 5Fundamentals of Instructing

In the teaching process, which step immediately follows the presentation of new material?

  1. Demonstration
  2. Review and evaluation
  3. Application Correct answer.
  4. Preparation

Explanation

The teaching process moves from preparation through presentation to application, where the learner practices and uses the new knowledge. Review and evaluation follows application to confirm that the learning objectives were met.

Question 6Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor breaks a complex maneuver into small, sequential steps and rewards each successful step. Which behaviorist concept is being applied?

  1. Latent learning
  2. Shaping through successive approximations Correct answer.
  3. Extinction
  4. Negative reinforcement

Explanation

Shaping reinforces progressively closer approximations of a target behavior until the full skill is performed. Splitting a maneuver into steps and reinforcing each step is the classic application of shaping.

Question 7Fundamentals of Instructing

According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need must generally be met before a learner can focus on higher-level goals such as self-actualization?

  1. Aesthetic needs
  2. Esteem needs
  3. Physiological and safety needs Correct answer.
  4. Cognitive needs

Explanation

Maslow places physiological needs at the base, followed by safety, and these must be reasonably satisfied before higher needs become motivating. A learner who is exhausted, hungry, or anxious about safety cannot focus on advanced goals.

Question 8Fundamentals of Instructing

In a lesson plan, which element identifies the specific, measurable behavior the learner should exhibit by the end of the lesson?

  1. The schedule of activities
  2. The instructor's qualifications
  3. The list of reference materials
  4. The learning objective Correct answer.

Explanation

A learning objective states the desired outcome in observable, measurable terms, including the conditions and standard of performance. It guides both instruction and evaluation of the lesson.

Question 9Fundamentals of Instructing

Which element of the communication process is responsible for the meaning the receiver attaches to a message?

  1. Encoding
  2. Feedback
  3. Symbols
  4. Decoding Correct answer.

Explanation

Decoding is the receiver's interpretation of the symbols transmitted by the sender. Misunderstanding arises when the receiver's decoding differs from the sender's intended meaning.

Question 10Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor explains a maneuver clearly, yet the student repeatedly fails to perform it. Which barrier to effective communication is most likely present?

  1. Adequate time allotted for practice
  2. Use of feedback during the lesson
  3. Lack of common experience between instructor and learner Correct answer.
  4. Instructor's use of concrete examples

Explanation

Effective communication requires overlapping experience so that symbols carry the same meaning for both parties. When frames of reference differ, a clear explanation can still be decoded incorrectly.

Question 11Fundamentals of Instructing

Which defense mechanism is demonstrated by a student who blames the aircraft's controls for a poor landing?

  1. Compensation
  2. Repression
  3. Rationalization Correct answer.
  4. Aggression

Explanation

Rationalization is the substitution of socially acceptable reasons for the true cause of a behavior. Blaming equipment instead of accepting personal error is a common rationalization.

Question 12Fundamentals of Instructing

Which teaching method is most appropriate when the objective is to develop a student's judgment in deciding whether to divert for weather?

  1. Demonstration-performance
  2. Lecture
  3. Guided discussion Correct answer.
  4. Independent study only

Explanation

Guided discussion draws out the learner's reasoning and lets the instructor probe the logic behind decisions. Judgment and decision-making are best developed when the learner articulates and defends choices.

Question 13Fundamentals of Instructing

Which type of critique is most effective during early training on a new maneuver?

  1. A critique that compares the learner to the strongest student in the class
  2. A critique that lists every error in the order it occurred
  3. A critique that focuses on what was done correctly before addressing errors Correct answer.
  4. A critique delivered only after the final stage check

Explanation

Critiques should be constructive, recognizing strengths before correcting weaknesses so the learner stays motivated. This approach reinforces correct behavior while guiding improvement.

Question 14Fundamentals of Instructing

Which assessment characteristic is described as measuring what it is intended to measure?

  1. Objectivity
  2. Reliability
  3. Usability
  4. Validity Correct answer.

Explanation

Validity means an assessment measures the intended knowledge or skill rather than something extraneous. A test can be reliable yet still invalid if it consistently measures the wrong thing.

Question 15Fundamentals of Instructing

A student consistently performs a maneuver correctly during dual instruction but makes errors when flying with a different instructor. Which factor most likely explains the inconsistency?

  1. The learner is overlearning the maneuver
  2. The maneuver is too simple for the learner
  3. The learner has not yet generalized the skill to varied conditions Correct answer.
  4. The learner has reached the correlation level of learning

Explanation

Performance that depends on one instructor's cues indicates the skill has not been generalized to varied conditions. Overlearning and transfer to new situations must occur before the skill is truly mastered.

Question 16Fundamentals of Instructing

Which is the primary purpose of using a training syllabus in a flight training course?

  1. To replace the requirement for lesson plans
  2. To determine the learner's medical eligibility
  3. To serve as the official record of solo flight time
  4. To standardize the sequence and content of training Correct answer.

Explanation

A syllabus establishes a standardized, organized sequence of training content so that all learners cover required areas. It does not replace lesson planning or serve as a medical or logbook record.

Question 17Fundamentals of Instructing

Which type of practice is generally most effective for developing a student's ability to recognize and correct errors in a maneuver?

  1. Massed practice without correction
  2. Deliberate practice with feedback on specific errors Correct answer.
  3. Practice that repeats only the correct final result
  4. Practice performed only under observation without debriefing

Explanation

Deliberate practice targets specific weaknesses with immediate feedback so the learner can adjust performance. Repetition without correction can reinforce errors instead of correcting them.

Question 18Fundamentals of Instructing

Which retention factor is described as the tendency for a learner to remember best what was learned most recently?

  1. Intensity
  2. Primacy
  3. Exercise
  4. Recency Correct answer.

Explanation

Recency means the most recently learned material is recalled most readily, which is why summary at the end of a lesson is valuable. Primacy covers what is learned first, while intensity concerns vividness.

Question 19Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor notices a learner is distracted and unable to retain new material after a long day at work. Which instructional action best addresses this situation?

  1. Increase the amount of material to make up for lost time
  2. Focus the lesson on the most difficult material first
  3. Extend the lesson to practice longer without breaks
  4. Adjust the schedule to a time when the learner is rested and receptive Correct answer.

Explanation

Readiness and physical condition strongly affect learning, so scheduling instruction when the learner is rested improves retention. Pushing more material into an exhausted learner tends to waste time and increase frustration.

Question 20Fundamentals of Instructing

Which statement best describes the role of feedback in the communication process?

  1. It replaces the need for encoding the message
  2. It eliminates all barriers between sender and receiver
  3. It tells the sender whether the message was received and understood Correct answer.
  4. It ensures the receiver shares the sender's exact experience

Explanation

Feedback is the receiver's response that lets the sender judge whether the intended meaning was conveyed. It allows the sender to adjust the message when understanding is incomplete.

Question 21Fundamentals of Instructing

A learner who has reached the correlation level of learning is best described as able to do which of the following?

  1. Perform a maneuver only under direct instructor supervision
  2. Explain a procedure without being able to perform it
  3. Integrate separate knowledge areas and apply them to new situations Correct answer.
  4. Repeat facts exactly as presented in the lesson

Explanation

At the correlation level, the learner associates different knowledge areas into a coherent whole and applies them to new situations. This represents the highest level of learning in the hierarchy.

Question 22Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor's critique of a learner's performance is most likely to be effective when it does which of the following?

  1. Focuses only on errors and omits any recognition of progress
  2. Compares the learner's performance with that of a more advanced peer
  3. Is delivered once at the end of the course to avoid interrupting practice
  4. Relates specific observed behavior to the learner's own goals and standards Correct answer.

Explanation

Effective critiques are specific, objective, and connected to the learner's goals so the feedback is meaningful. Timely, behavior-focused feedback promotes improvement and motivation.

Question 23Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor is designing a lesson for a learner who is highly motivated but anxious about making mistakes. Which approach best supports learning?

  1. Increase the difficulty sharply to desensitize the learner to errors
  2. Avoid any feedback that could identify mistakes
  3. Provide achievable steps and reinforce progress to build confidence Correct answer.
  4. Delay practice until the learner is completely free of anxiety

Explanation

Anxious learners benefit from achievable, structured steps and reinforcement that build confidence gradually. This supports readiness and reduces the fear of failure that inhibits learning.

Question 24Fundamentals of Instructing

Which scenario best demonstrates the principle of primacy in flight instruction?

  1. Using a dramatic demonstration to introduce a lesson
  2. Reviewing a maneuver repeatedly just before the checkride
  3. Allowing the learner to practice independently without guidance
  4. Teaching the correct checklist flow on the first exposure to the procedure Correct answer.

Explanation

Primacy holds that what is learned first is retained most strongly, so first exposures should be accurate and well organized. Establishing correct habits from the start prevents the need to unlearn errors.

Question 25Fundamentals of Instructing

An instructor plans to use a scenario in which the learner must decide whether to continue a cross-country flight with deteriorating weather. Which instructional strategy best develops this decision-making skill?

  1. Have the learner memorize a list of weather minimums only
  2. Present the scenario, have the learner explain the decision, then discuss alternatives Correct answer.
  3. State the correct decision and move on to the next topic
  4. Demonstrate the decision without asking the learner to participate

Explanation

Decision-making improves when learners reason through scenarios and compare their reasoning with alternatives. This guided-discussion approach develops judgment rather than simple recall.

Question 26Technical Subject Areas

Under 14 CFR Part 61, what is the minimum flight time required in the category and class of aircraft before a pilot may act as a flight instructor for that aircraft?

  1. At least 200 hours of total flight time
  2. At least 50 hours of instrument time
  3. At least 10 hours of dual received in the preceding 12 months
  4. At least 15 hours as pilot in command in the category and class Correct answer.

Explanation

Section 61.183 requires an applicant for a flight instructor certificate to have logged at least 15 hours as pilot in command in the category and class of aircraft appropriate to the rating sought. This ensures the instructor has category-and-class familiarity before teaching in that aircraft.

Question 27Technical Subject Areas

An applicant holds a commercial pilot certificate with airplane single-engine land privileges and seeks a flight instructor certificate with airplane single-engine privileges. Which knowledge test is required?

  1. The Commercial Pilot knowledge test again
  2. The Airline Transport Pilot knowledge test
  3. No knowledge test, because the commercial certificate is already held
  4. The Flight Instructor–Airplane knowledge test Correct answer.

Explanation

A flight instructor applicant must pass the knowledge test appropriate to the instructor rating sought, which for airplane single-engine is the Flight Instructor–Airplane test. Holding a commercial certificate does not exempt the applicant from the instructor knowledge test.

Question 28Technical Subject Areas

A flight instructor endorses a student's logbook for a solo cross-country flight. What is the instructor's responsibility regarding the student's preflight planning?

  1. Review the planning and determine the student is prepared for the specific flight Correct answer.
  2. Confirm only that the aircraft has been fueled for the planned route
  3. Delegate the review to any certificated private pilot
  4. Verify only that the student holds a current medical certificate

Explanation

Before endorsing solo privileges the instructor must ensure the student is proficient and prepared for the specific make and model and the specific flight, which includes reviewing the cross-country planning. The endorsement certifies the instructor's judgment that the student is ready for that flight.

Question 29Technical Subject Areas

What is the primary purpose of the logbook endorsement required for a student pilot's first solo flight?

  1. It authorizes the student to carry passengers
  2. It certifies the instructor has given the required training and finds the student prepared Correct answer.
  3. It replaces the student pilot certificate
  4. It grants the student instrument privileges

Explanation

The pre-solo endorsement documents that the instructor has provided the required training and judged the student competent to fly solo. It is a certification of training and readiness, not a grant of additional operating privileges.

Question 30Technical Subject Areas

During a demonstration of the four fundamentals, an instructor wants to show the effect of elevator pressure while holding other controls neutral. Which maneuver best isolates that effect?

  1. A forward slip to a landing
  2. A power-off stall recovery
  3. Straight-and-level flight at a constant airspeed while changing pitch attitude Correct answer.
  4. A steep turn at 50 degrees of bank

Explanation

Isolating one control requires holding the others neutral and changing only the control under demonstration, so pitch changes in straight-and-level flight show elevator effect clearly. Combining bank, stall, or slip inputs confounds the demonstration.

Question 31Technical Subject Areas

Which statement correctly describes the aerodynamic cause of a spin?

  1. Both wings are unstalled and the aircraft rolls due to aileron input
  2. One wing is more deeply stalled than the other while the aircraft yaws Correct answer.
  3. The aircraft exceeds its never-exceed speed in a descent
  4. The horizontal stabilizer stalls before the wing

Explanation

A spin results from asymmetrical stall, in which one wing exceeds its critical angle of attack more than the other, combined with yaw that autorotates the aircraft. Both stall and yaw are necessary for a spin to develop.

Question 32Technical Subject Areas

In a constant-altitude steep turn, why must the pilot increase back pressure as bank increases?

  1. Indicated airspeed rises, requiring more elevator to hold altitude
  2. The vertical component of lift decreases, so angle of attack must increase Correct answer.
  3. The rudder becomes less effective as bank increases
  4. The horizontal component of lift increases, reducing load factor

Explanation

As bank steepens, a greater share of total lift acts horizontally, so the vertical component falls unless total lift increases. The pilot raises angle of attack with back pressure, which also raises load factor and stall speed.

Question 33Technical Subject Areas

Which condition most directly increases the risk of carburetor icing in an airplane with a float-type carburetor?

  1. Very cold, dry air well below freezing
  2. Hot, dry air above 30 degrees Celsius
  3. Temperature between roughly -7 and 21 degrees Celsius with high humidity Correct answer.
  4. High altitude with low relative humidity

Explanation

Carburetor icing is most likely in cool, moist air because fuel vaporization and venturi pressure drop chill the carburetor below the freezing point of the moisture. The classic danger band is roughly -7 to 21 degrees Celsius with high relative humidity.

Question 34Technical Subject Areas

An instructor is teaching a student to recover from an inadvertent stall. Which recovery sequence is appropriate for a typical training airplane?

  1. Increase back pressure to maintain altitude while adding power
  2. Apply full aileron to level the wings before reducing pitch
  3. Retract flaps immediately and hold the nose up
  4. Reduce angle of attack, apply power as needed, and level the wings with coordinated controls Correct answer.

Explanation

The first and most important action is to reduce angle of attack below the critical angle, then add power and roll the wings level with coordinated aileron and rudder. Reducing angle of attack restores airflow and ends the stall.

Question 35Technical Subject Areas

When demonstrating the effect of load factor on stall speed, which relationship should the instructor emphasize?

  1. Stall speed increases with the square root of the load factor Correct answer.
  2. Stall speed varies inversely with the cube of the load factor
  3. Stall speed is independent of load factor
  4. Stall speed decreases as load factor increases

Explanation

Because the wing must produce lift equal to weight times load factor, the stall speed rises in proportion to the square root of that factor. Doubling load factor raises stall speed by about 41 percent.

Question 36Technical Subject Areas

An instructor notes a student consistently overcontrols pitch during landing flare. Which instructional technique best addresses this habit?

  1. Reduce the number of landings per lesson to lower fatigue
  2. Have the student practice only full-stall landings until proficient
  3. Increase the student's approach speed to reduce sensitivity
  4. Demonstrate the correct sight picture and have the student practice small, measured pitch inputs with immediate feedback Correct answer.

Explanation

Overcontrolling is a psychomotor habit best corrected by demonstrating the correct sight picture and reinforcing small, precise inputs with immediate feedback. Repetition with focused correction builds the required control feel.

Question 37Technical Subject Areas

During a simulated engine failure in cruise flight, what should the instructor require the student to establish first?

  1. Maximum power and a climb to gain altitude
  2. Full flaps to increase descent rate
  3. A steep turn to inspect the ground below
  4. Best glide speed and a glide toward a suitable landing area Correct answer.

Explanation

The priority after an engine failure is to establish the airplane's best glide speed to maximize range and select a suitable landing area. This preserves options and time for troubleshooting and communication.

Question 38Technical Subject Areas

Which endorsement is required before a pilot may act as pilot in command of a complex airplane?

  1. A logbook endorsement for complex airplane training from an authorized instructor Correct answer.
  2. An instrument rating
  3. A type rating for the specific make and model
  4. A high-altitude endorsement

Explanation

Complex airplane privileges require ground and flight training from an authorized instructor and a logbook endorsement in the pilot's records. A type rating is only required for aircraft that specifically require one.

Question 39Technical Subject Areas

An instructor is preparing a student for a night cross-country flight. Which planning element deserves the greatest emphasis for night operations?

  1. Terrain and obstruction identification along the route and at alternate airports Correct answer.
  2. Fuel price at intermediate stops
  3. Passenger comfort and cabin temperature
  4. Daylight arrival time at the destination

Explanation

At night, terrain and obstructions are harder to see, so route and alternate selection must account for lighting, black-hole approaches, and emergency landing options. Emphasizing these factors directly addresses the dominant night risk.

Question 40Technical Subject Areas

A student consistently fails to maintain altitude during turns. Which instructional strategy is most likely to correct the problem?

  1. Remove the altimeter from the student's scan
  2. Increase bank angle to make the error more obvious
  3. Have the student avoid turns until solo
  4. Have the student practice turns while referencing the attitude indicator and outside horizon cues Correct answer.

Explanation

Altitude loss in turns usually reflects inadequate back pressure and a weak attitude reference, so practice combining instrument and outside cues builds the correct pitch picture. This addresses the root cause rather than avoiding the maneuver.

Question 41Technical Subject Areas

What is the effect of a forward center of gravity on an airplane's stall characteristics?

  1. Stall speed increases and recovery requires more elevator authority Correct answer.
  2. Stall speed decreases and recovery becomes easier
  3. Stall speed is unaffected but spin tendency increases
  4. Stall speed decreases and pitch stability decreases

Explanation

A forward center of gravity increases the load on the tail and raises the angle of attack needed for a given lift, raising stall speed. It also increases the pitch-down tendency, so more elevator authority is needed for recovery.

Question 42Technical Subject Areas

An instructor is evaluating a student's crosswind landing technique. Which correction is most appropriate when the student uses excessive rudder to align the nose?

  1. Have the student use only aileron and ignore the nose alignment
  2. Teach a coordinated crab-to-sideslip transition with appropriate aileron into the wind Correct answer.
  3. Have the student land with a tailwind to reduce drift
  4. Increase approach speed to reduce the need for rudder

Explanation

Excess rudder in a crosswind landing indicates poor coordination, and the fix is to teach a controlled crab-to-sideslip transition with aileron into the wind and opposite rudder to align the nose. This coordinates drift correction with directional control.

Question 43Technical Subject Areas

Which combination of conditions most strongly favors the formation of structural airframe icing?

  1. High pressure with dry, descending air
  2. Clear air with temperatures well below freezing and low humidity
  3. Visible moisture with temperatures near or below freezing Correct answer.
  4. Warm, humid air above 25 degrees Celsius

Explanation

Structural icing requires supercooled liquid water, which occurs in visible moisture such as clouds or freezing drizzle at temperatures near or below zero. Clear, dry air contains no liquid water to accrete.

Question 44Technical Subject Areas

An instructor wants to teach the student to recognize the onset of a stall before the horn sounds. Which cue is most useful?

  1. Increasing airspeed indication
  2. Reducing control pressure and airframe buffet or mushiness Correct answer.
  3. Full deflection of the elevator with no buffet
  4. A rise in engine RPM

Explanation

Before the stall, the wing approaches its critical angle of attack, producing light buffet and a reduction in control effectiveness. Teaching the student to feel these cues builds stall awareness independent of the warning horn.

Question 45Technical Subject Areas

What is the primary instructional value of demonstrating a power-off stall with and without flaps?

  1. It demonstrates that flaps have no effect on stall speed
  2. It proves the aircraft is incapable of spinning
  3. It shows how configuration changes the stall speed and the resulting flight characteristics Correct answer.
  4. It shows that power settings determine the angle of attack

Explanation

Comparing flap configurations at idle power shows that flaps lower stall speed and alter the pitch attitude and buffet cues at the stall. This helps the student understand configuration effects on stall behavior.

Question 46Technical Subject Areas

A student pilot is receiving instruction in a high-performance airplane. Which endorsement must be in the student's logbook before acting as pilot in command?

  1. A high-performance airplane endorsement from an authorized instructor Correct answer.
  2. A complex airplane endorsement only
  3. An instrument proficiency check
  4. A flight review endorsement

Explanation

High-performance airplanes, defined by an engine of more than 200 horsepower, require ground and flight training and a logbook endorsement before the pilot may act as pilot in command. The endorsement is specific to the high-performance category.

Question 47Technical Subject Areas

An instructor observes that a student consistently enters slow flight with the nose too high and airspeed too low. Which instructional adjustment best corrects this?

  1. Have the student establish the target airspeed and attitude before reducing power to the slow-flight configuration Correct answer.
  2. Have the student practice slow flight only with full flaps
  3. Have the student reduce power first and then raise the nose
  4. Have the student use a higher entry altitude to allow more time

Explanation

Establishing the target airspeed and attitude before reducing power keeps the entry controlled and prevents an excessively high nose and decaying airspeed. Sequencing configuration and power correctly builds a stable slow-flight condition.

Question 48Technical Subject Areas

During a multi-engine training flight, an instructor demonstrates a Vmc demonstration. Which condition increases Vmc?

  1. A rearward center of gravity within limits Correct answer.
  2. A forward center of gravity within limits
  3. Lower density altitude
  4. Reduced power on the operating engine

Explanation

A rearward center of gravity reduces the arm of the rudder, so more rudder deflection is needed to counter yaw, raising Vmc. Other factors such as high power, high density altitude, and aft loading also increase Vmc.

Question 49Technical Subject Areas

An instructor is analyzing why a student's power-on stalls result in an unexpected rolling tendency. Which factor most likely explains the roll?

  1. The rudder is overpowering the elevator
  2. Torque and P-factor produce asymmetric thrust at high angle of attack and low airspeed Correct answer.
  3. The wing is unstalled on both sides
  4. The ailerons are more effective at high angle of attack

Explanation

At high angle of attack and low airspeed, torque and P-factor create asymmetric thrust that yaws and rolls the aircraft, especially in power-on stalls. Recognizing this helps the student apply correct rudder rather than aileron during recovery.

Question 50Technical Subject Areas

An instructor is preparing a student for a checkride and must verify all required endorsements. Which document best establishes that the student has met the aeronautical knowledge requirements for the practical test?

  1. The student's medical certificate
  2. The aircraft maintenance records
  3. A logbook endorsement certifying the student is prepared for the required knowledge areas Correct answer.
  4. The student's solo endorsement

Explanation

The instructor certifies in the student's logbook that the required aeronautical knowledge areas have been completed and the student is prepared for the practical test. This endorsement documents knowledge readiness, separate from medical or aircraft records.