Hair and Scalp Treatments, Shampooing, and Conditioning
Hair and scalp treatments, shampooing, and conditioning
This domain tests service preparation, shampoo selection, scalp massage, conditioning, and contraindications. Expect questions on water temperature, pH, draping, and when a treatment must be refused.
Shampooing
- Drape with a clean towel and cape; protect the client's clothing and eyes. Use warm, not hot, water and a clean bowl.
- Shampoo surfactants lift oil and debris. The exact product depends on hair condition: clarifying for buildup, moisturizing for dry hair, medicated only as directed, and mild formulas for sensitive scalps.
- Shampoo pH is usually near the hair's natural acidic range; high-pH products can swell the cuticle and leave hair rough.
- Massage with fingertips, not nails; rinse thoroughly; follow with conditioner on mid-lengths and ends.
Conditioning and scalp treatments
- Conditioners smooth the cuticle, reduce friction, and improve manageability. Protein products can temporarily strengthen; moisturizing products add softness.
- Scalp treatments may include massage, tonics, or exfoliating products, but never on open lesions, active infection, recent chemical burns, or unexplained hair loss.
- Keep products closed, labeled, and dispensed without double-dipping; use disposable applicators when required.
Worked example
A client with a dry, tight scalp and no sores asks for a shampoo and scalp massage. Reasoning: there is no contraindication, so proceed with a mild, moisturizing shampoo, warm water, and gentle fingertip massage. Avoid hot water and vigorous scratching, which can irritate the scalp. If the client had open lesions or a suspected infection, the massage would be refused and the client referred.
Traps
- Using hot water because it opens pores; it actually irritates and dehydrates.
- Massaging with nails or too much pressure.
- Applying conditioner to the scalp for oily hair and causing weigh-down.
- Treating a scalp disease with a retail product instead of referring.