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HABE B2 (Basque) study materials
HABE B2 (Basque) study resources

HABE B2 (Basque) practice questions

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Question 1Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testuan irakurri: "Elikadura osasungarria izateko, garrantzitsua da fruta eta barazkiak egunero jatea, koipe gehiegizkoak saihestea eta ura asko edatea." Zer ez da aipatzen testuan? (Read in the text: "For a healthy diet, it is important to eat fruit and vegetables daily, avoid excess fats and drink plenty of water." What is NOT mentioned in the text?)

  1. Fruta eta barazkiak jatea (Eating fruit and vegetables)
  2. Ura edatea (Drinking water)
  3. Ariketa fisikoa egitea (Doing physical exercise) Correct answer.
  4. Koipeak saihestea (Avoiding fats)

Explanation

The passage mentions fruit and vegetables, avoiding excess fats, and drinking water. Physical exercise (ariketa fisikoa) is never mentioned in the text, making it the correct answer to what is NOT included.

Question 2Basque reading and justified interpretation

"Lana aurkitzeko zailtasunak gora egin du azken urteotan, batez ere gazteak kaltetuta daudelarik." Zer esan nahi du 'batez ere' hitzak testuinguru honetan? ("The difficulty of finding work has increased in recent years, especially young people being affected." What does 'batez ere' mean in this context?)

  1. Beraz (Therefore)
  2. Gainera (Furthermore)
  3. Nagusiki / bereziki (Especially / in particular) Correct answer.
  4. Hala ere (Nevertheless)

Explanation

'Batez ere' is a Basque discourse marker meaning 'especially' or 'in particular', used to single out a group or fact for emphasis. Here it specifies that young people are the most affected subgroup.

Question 3Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri eta erantzun: "Ingurumenaren babesa guztion erantzukizuna da. Gobernuek legeak ezarri behar dituzte, baina hiritar bakoitzak ere bere ekarpena egin dezake eguneroko ohituretan aldaketak eginez." Zein da testuaren argudio nagusia? (Read and answer: "Environmental protection is everyone's responsibility. Governments must enact laws, but each citizen can also contribute by making changes in daily habits." What is the text's main argument?)

  1. Gobernuek bakarrik egin dezakete zerbait ingurumenarentzat (Only governments can do something for the environment)
  2. Ingurumena babestea banakoen eta erakundeen ardura partekatua da (Protecting the environment is a shared responsibility of individuals and institutions) Correct answer.
  3. Eguneroko ohiturak ez dira garrantzitsuak ingurumenarentzat (Daily habits are not important for the environment)
  4. Legeak ez dira nahikoak ingurumena babesteko (Laws are not sufficient to protect the environment)

Explanation

The text explicitly states that protection is 'everyone's responsibility', then splits this between governments (enacting laws) and individual citizens (daily habits). The main argument is shared responsibility between institutions and individuals.

Question 4Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testu honetan: "Teknologiaren aurrerakuntza azkarrak lan-mundua eraldatu du. Lanbide berriak sortu dira, baina beste batzuk desagertu egin dira, eta lan-merkatuak etengabeko egokitzea eskatzen du." Zer adierazten du 'etengabeko' hitzak? (In this text: "The rapid advance of technology has transformed the world of work. New professions have emerged, but others have disappeared, and the labour market demands continuous adaptation." What does 'etengabeko' mean?)

  1. Azkarrekoa (Fast)
  2. Noizbehinekoa (Occasional)
  3. Behin betikoa (Permanent / once and for all)
  4. Eten gabe gertatzen dena (Continuous / without interruption) Correct answer.

Explanation

'Etengabeko' is composed of 'eten' (to stop/interrupt) + 'gabe' (without) + '-ko' (adjective suffix), literally 'without stopping'. It means continuous or unceasing. The labour market demands constant, uninterrupted adaptation.

Question 5Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Albistegi bateko informazioa entzun ondoren: "Aurten, Euskal Herriko turismoa %12 igo da aurreko urtearekin alderatuta. Bisitari gehienek Bizkaia eta Gipuzkoa aukeratu dituzte helmuga bezala." Zenbateko igoera egon da turismoan? (After hearing a news item: "This year, tourism in the Basque Country has increased 12% compared to last year. Most visitors chose Biscay and Gipuzkoa as their destination." What increase has there been in tourism?)

  1. %10ekoa (10%)
  2. %12koa (12%) Correct answer.
  3. %20koa (20%)
  4. %2koa (2%)

Explanation

The news item explicitly states 'turismoa %12 igo da' (tourism has increased 12%). Listening for specific numerical data is a core B2 listening skill; the figure 12% is stated directly.

Question 6Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Eztabaida bat entzun ondoren: Hizlari batek dio: "Lan-orduak murrizteak langileen ongizatea hobetzen du, baina enpresaren produkzioa murriztu dezake." Hizlariaren posizioa zein da? (After listening to a debate: A speaker says: "Reducing working hours improves workers' wellbeing, but may reduce the company's production." What is the speaker's position?)

  1. Lan-orduak murriztearen aurka dago guztiz (Is totally against reducing working hours)
  2. Lan-orduak murriztearen alde dago guztiz (Is totally in favour of reducing working hours)
  3. Alde eta kontrako argudioak aurkezten ditu (Presents arguments for and against) Correct answer.
  4. Enpresaren produkzioa bakarrik kontuan hartzen du (Only considers the company's production)

Explanation

The speaker presents both a benefit (improved worker wellbeing) and a potential drawback (reduced production). This balanced presentation of pros and cons is a nuanced, two-sided position typical of B2 debate discourse.

Question 7Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Eguraldi-iragarpenaren audioa entzun ondoren: "Bihar, iparraldeko haizeekin batera, euri arineko bolada batzuk espero dira arratsaldean. Tenperatura 14 eta 18 gradu artean egongo da." Bihar zer espero da? (After listening to a weather forecast: "Tomorrow, along with northerly winds, some light rain showers are expected in the afternoon. Temperature will be between 14 and 18 degrees." What is expected tomorrow?)

  1. Elurra eta hotza (Snow and cold)
  2. Eguraldi distiratsua eta beroa (Sunny and hot weather)
  3. Iparraldeko haizea eta arratsaldean euri arineko bolada batzuk (Northerly wind and some light rain showers in the afternoon) Correct answer.
  4. Ekaitz handia goiz osoan (A big storm all morning)

Explanation

The forecast states northerly winds ('iparraldeko haizeekin batera') and light rain showers in the afternoon ('euri arineko bolada batzuk arratsaldean'). Option C accurately combines both key details from the forecast.

Question 8Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu hitz egokia: Azterketarako oso _____ prestatu behar duzu. (Choose the correct word: You need to prepare very _____ for the exam.)

  1. ondo (well)
  2. ona (good - adjective)
  3. ongi (well - adverb)
  4. A eta C biak dira zuzenak (Both A and C are correct) Correct answer.

Explanation

Both 'ondo' and 'ongi' are adverbs meaning 'well' in Basque and are interchangeable in most contexts. Both are grammatically correct when modifying the verb 'prestatu' (to prepare). B2 candidates should recognise both as acceptable.

Question 9Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Zein da 'eskuarki' hitzaren esanahi zuzena? (What is the correct meaning of the word 'eskuarki'?)

  1. Bereziki / batez ere (Especially / in particular)
  2. Normalean / gehienetan (Usually / generally) Correct answer.
  3. Inoiz (Never / at some point)
  4. Guztiz / erabat (Completely / entirely)

Explanation

'Eskuarki' is a Basque adverb of frequency meaning 'usually', 'generally', or 'as a rule'. It is a B2-level formal/literary vocabulary item equivalent to 'normalean' or 'oro har'.

Question 10Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu esaldiaren esanahi zuzen baten sinonimoa: 'Erabakia hartu zuen azkenean.' (Choose the correct synonym for the meaning of the sentence: 'He/she finally made a decision.')

  1. Erabakia eman zuen (He/she gave a decision)
  2. Azkenean deliberatu zuen (He/she deliberated in the end)
  3. Azkenean erabakia hartzera iritsi zen (He/she eventually reached the point of making a decision) Correct answer.
  4. Erabakia utzi zuen (He/she left the decision)

Explanation

'Erabakia hartu' is the standard Basque phrase for 'to make a decision' ('hartu' = to take). The paraphrase 'erabakia hartzera iritsi zen' (came to the point of deciding) preserves the meaning of finally reaching a decision after delay, which matches 'azkenean' (finally).

Question 11Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Zer da 'elkar' hitzaren funtzioa esaldi honetan? 'Lagun biek elkar ezagutu zuten ikastolan.' (What is the function of 'elkar' in this sentence: 'The two friends met/knew each other at school.'?)

  1. Izenordain pertsonala (Personal pronoun)
  2. Elkarrekiko / reciprocal pronoun (Reciprocal pronoun) Correct answer.
  3. Adberbioa (Adverb)
  4. Atzizkia (Suffix)

Explanation

'Elkar' is the Basque reciprocal pronoun meaning 'each other' or 'one another'. In 'elkar ezagutu zuten' (they knew each other), 'elkar' is the absolutive (NOR) reciprocal object, indicating mutual action between the two friends.

Question 12Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Zein hitz da 'iraunkorra'-ren antonimoa? (Which word is the antonym of 'iraunkorra' (durable/sustainable/lasting)?)

  1. Sendoa (Robust / solid)
  2. Arina (Light / brief)
  3. Iragankor / iraunkorra ez dena (Transient / non-lasting) Correct answer.
  4. Berria (New)

Explanation

'Iraunkorra' comes from 'iraun' (to last/endure) + '-kor' (adjective suffix for tendency). Its antonym is 'iragankor' (transient, passing) from 'iragan' (past/transient) + '-kor', or descriptively 'iraunkorra ez dena' (that which is not lasting).

Question 13Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testua irakurri: "Ikerlariek aurkitu dutenez, lo gutxi egiteak arreta-arazoak eta osasunerako ondorio kaltegarriak ekar ditzake. Hori dela eta, osasun-adituek lo egiteko gutxienez zortzi ordu gomendatzen dituzte." Zergatik gomendatzen dituzte zortzi ordu? (Read the text: "According to researchers, sleeping little can cause attention problems and harmful health consequences. For this reason, health experts recommend at least eight hours of sleep." Why do they recommend eight hours?)

  1. Lo gehiagok ekoizkortasuna handitzen duelako (Because more sleep increases productivity)
  2. Lo gutxi egiteak osasunerako kaltegarriak diren ondorioak dituelako (Because sleeping little has harmful health consequences) Correct answer.
  3. Zortzi ordu lo egiteak arreta hobetzen duelako azterketetan (Because eight hours of sleep improves attention in exams)
  4. Ikerlariek hori bakarrik ikertu dutelako (Because researchers have only studied that)

Explanation

The text explicitly states the causal chain: sleeping little causes attention problems and harmful health consequences, and therefore (hori dela eta) experts recommend eight hours. The recommendation is a direct response to identified harms.

Question 14Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri: "Euskarak historian zehar eraldaketak jasan ditu, baina hizkuntzaren mamia bere horretan mantendu da. Gaur egun, milioika pertsonek euskara ikasten dute munduan zehar, bai Euskal Herrian eta baita atzerrian ere." Zein ondorio atera daiteke? (Read: "Basque has undergone transformations throughout history, but the core of the language has been maintained. Today, millions of people learn Basque around the world, both in the Basque Country and abroad." What conclusion can be drawn?)

  1. Euskarak ez du aldaketarik jasan historian (Basque has not undergone any changes in history)
  2. Euskara desagertzeko zorian dago (Basque is on the verge of disappearing)
  3. Euskara bizirik dago eta interesa dago mundu mailan (Basque is alive and there is worldwide interest in it) Correct answer.
  4. Atzerrian euskara baino ez da ikasten (Basque is only learned abroad)

Explanation

The text states the language has survived historical changes and that millions learn it globally both in the Basque Country and abroad. The logical conclusion is that Basque is a living language with active global interest.

Question 15Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testuan agertzen den "hori dela eta" lokailuak zer funtzio du? (What function does the connector "hori dela eta" serve in a text?)

  1. Kontrakotasuna adierazten du (It expresses contrast)
  2. Kausa-ondorioa adierazten du (It expresses cause and effect) Correct answer.
  3. Denbora-sekuentzia adierazten du (It expresses time sequence)
  4. Baldintza adierazten du (It expresses condition)

Explanation

'Hori dela eta' is a causal-consecutive connector equivalent to 'for this reason' or 'therefore'. It introduces a consequence or result based on information previously stated, making it a cause-effect marker.

Question 16Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri: "Klima-aldaketak eragina du elikagaien ekoizpenean. Lehorteek eta uholdeak txandaka etortzen dira, laborantza ahultzea eragiten dute eta elikagai-prezioak igotzen dituzte." Testuan, 'labore-ahultzea' zer da? (Read: "Climate change affects food production. Droughts and floods come alternately, causing weakening of crops and raising food prices." In the text, what is 'laborantza ahultzea'?)

  1. Elikagai-prezioen jaitsiera (A fall in food prices)
  2. Nekazaritzaren indartzea (Strengthening of agriculture)
  3. Uzten galera edo degradazioa (Loss or degradation of harvests/crops) Correct answer.
  4. Lehorteak eta uholdeak (Droughts and floods)

Explanation

'Laborantza ahultzea' means the weakening of crops/farming. 'Labore/laborantza' refers to crops or farming, and 'ahultzea' is the verbal noun of 'ahuldu' (to weaken). In context, it describes the negative impact on agricultural yields.

Question 17Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasarte honetan: "Gure herriko tradizioak ondare kulturalaren parte dira, eta belaunaldiz belaunaldi transmititzen dira. Tradizioak aldatu egiten diren arren, beraien funtsezko balioak iristen dira gaur egunera." Zein ideia agertzen da? (In this passage: "The traditions of our community are part of the cultural heritage and are transmitted from generation to generation. Although traditions change, their core values reach the present day." Which idea is expressed?)

  1. Tradizioak ez dira behin ere aldatzen (Traditions never change at all)
  2. Tradizioen balio nagusiak denborak irauten du, nahiz eta forma aldatu (The main values of traditions endure over time even if the form changes) Correct answer.
  3. Tradizioak ez dira baliogarriak gaur egunean (Traditions are not valuable today)
  4. Belaunaldi bakoitzak bere tradizioak sortzen ditu (Each generation creates its own traditions)

Explanation

The concessive clause 'aldatu egiten diren arren' (although they change) combined with 'funtsezko balioak iristen dira gaur egunera' (core values reach today) expresses that while the form of traditions evolves, their essential values persist through time.

Question 18Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testu luze bat irakurtzen ari zara. "Ekonomia globalak herrialdeen arteko harreman estuak sustatzen ditu, merkataritza eta inbertsio-fluxuak areagotuz. Hala ere, desberdintasunak ere handitu egin dira herrialdeen artean." Zein hitz da 'hala ere'-ren sinonimoa? (You are reading a long text. "The global economy promotes close ties between countries, increasing trade and investment flows. However, inequalities have also grown between countries." Which word is a synonym for 'hala ere'?)

  1. Beraz (Therefore)
  2. Dena den / hala eta guztiz ere (Nevertheless / despite everything) Correct answer.
  3. Eta gainera (And furthermore)
  4. Ondorioz (Consequently)

Explanation

'Hala ere' is a concessive connector meaning 'however' or 'nevertheless'. Its closest synonyms in Basque are 'dena den' and 'hala eta guztiz ere', all of which introduce a contrasting or unexpected point after a preceding statement.

Question 19Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri: "Zientzialari askok ohartarazi dute plastikozko kutsadura itsasoetan gero eta larriagoa dela. Mikro-plastikoak kate elikadurara sartzen dira eta gizakien osasunerako mehatxu bat dira." Testuan, zertarako erabiltzen da 'ohartarazi'? (Read: "Many scientists have warned that plastic pollution in the oceans is increasingly serious. Micro-plastics enter the food chain and are a threat to human health." In the text, what is 'ohartarazi' used for?)

  1. Informazioa eskatzeko (To request information)
  2. Arriskuaren berri emateko edo abisatzeko (To give notice of a risk or to warn) Correct answer.
  3. Ikerketa baten emaitzak argudiatzeko (To argue the results of a research)
  4. Konponbide bat proposatzeko (To propose a solution)

Explanation

'Ohartarazi' is the causative of 'ohartu' (to notice/realise), meaning to warn or alert someone. Scientists are warning (alerting) about the growing seriousness of plastic pollution, which is a warning function.

Question 20Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri pasartea: "Ekonomiaren globalizazioak herrialdeek elkarren menpekotasuna handitu du. Enpresek kanpoan inbertitzen dute eta lana mugitzen da herrialde aberatsetatik pobreetara." Zein da pasartearen gai nagusia? (Read the passage: "The globalisation of the economy has increased interdependence between countries. Companies invest abroad and work moves from rich to poor countries." What is the main topic of the passage?)

  1. Enpresek nola funtzionatzen duten (How companies function)
  2. Globalizazioaren ondorioak herrialdeen arteko harremanetan (The effects of globalisation on relations between countries) Correct answer.
  3. Herrialde pobreak nola aberasten diren (How poor countries become rich)
  4. Inbertsioek zerga-politikan duten eragina (The impact of investments on tax policy)

Explanation

The passage discusses two consequences of economic globalisation: increased interdependence and the movement of investment and labour between rich and poor countries. The unifying topic is globalisation's effects on inter-country relations.

Question 21Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasartea irakurri: "Arte garaikidea askok ez du ulertzen, baina museoek gero eta bisitari gehiago jasotzen dituzte. Arte-lanen interpretazioak irekia izaten jarraitzen du, eta horrek eztabaida pizten du." Zein ondorio islatzen du pasarteak? (Read the passage: "Many do not understand contemporary art, but museums are attracting more and more visitors. The interpretation of artworks remains open, and this sparks debate." What conclusion does the passage reflect?)

  1. Arte garaikidea guztiek ulertzen dute (Everyone understands contemporary art)
  2. Arte garaikidea gutxiengo batentzat soilik da (Contemporary art is only for a minority)
  3. Ulertu ez arren, arte garaikidea erakarpen handia du (Although not understood, contemporary art has great attraction) Correct answer.
  4. Arte-eztabaidak museoetara bisitariak eragozten ditu (Art debates prevent visitors from going to museums)

Explanation

The passage presents a paradox: many don't understand contemporary art, yet museums get more visitors. This combination supports the conclusion that art attracts people even when not fully understood - its open interpretation and debate are part of the appeal.

Question 22Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testu honetan: "Osasun-sistemaren iraunkortasuna bermatzeko, ezinbestekoa da inbertsio egokiak egitea eta prebentzioa lehentasuntzat hartzea." Zein ideia nagusitzen da? (In this text: "To ensure the sustainability of the health system, it is essential to make appropriate investments and prioritise prevention." Which idea is emphasised?)

  1. Osasun-sistemak ez du iraungo (The health system will not last)
  2. Prebentzioa eta inbertsioa osasun-sistemaren iraunkortasunaren giltzak dira (Prevention and investment are keys to health system sustainability) Correct answer.
  3. Inbertsioak ez dira garrantzitsuak osasunean (Investments are not important in health)
  4. Prebentzioak osasun-kostuak igotzen ditu (Prevention raises health costs)

Explanation

The sentence uses 'ezinbestekoa' (essential/indispensable) to assert that appropriate investments AND prioritising prevention are the two necessary conditions for health system sustainability. These are the central prescriptions of the text.

Question 23Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasartean: "Hezkuntza publikoak aukera-berdintasuna bermatu behar du, desberdintasun ekonomikoak alde batera utzita." Zer adierazten du 'alde batera utzita'? (In the passage: "Public education must guarantee equal opportunity, setting aside economic inequalities." What does 'alde batera utzita' express?)

  1. Lehentasuna ematea (Giving priority)
  2. Kontuan hartzea (Taking into account)
  3. Baztertzea edo kontuan ez hartzea (Setting aside / disregarding) Correct answer.
  4. Handiagoa egitea (Making bigger)

Explanation

'Alde batera utzi' is a Basque idiom meaning 'to set aside', 'to put to one side', or 'to disregard'. In this context, public education should guarantee equal opportunity regardless of (setting aside) economic inequalities - the inequalities should not be a factor.

Question 24Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testu honetako denborazko lokailu egokiena zein da? "Proiektua 2024an hasi zen. _____, taldeak zailtasun handiak gainditu behar izan zituen, baina azkenean arrakasta lortu zuten." (Which temporal connector is most appropriate in this text? "The project started in 2024. _____, the team had to overcome great difficulties, but eventually they succeeded.")

  1. Beraz (Therefore)
  2. Bidean / hasieratik (Along the way / from the start) Correct answer.
  3. Horrela ere (Even so)
  4. Hasieratik bertatik, prozesu osoan zehar (From the very start, throughout the whole process)

Explanation

'Bidean' (along the way/in the process) naturally connects the project's starting point with the difficulties encountered during its progression toward the eventual success. It fills the temporal gap between start and outcome.

Question 25Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri: "Euskal kulturak aberastasun handia du musikan, dantzan eta literatura alorrean. Bertsolaria, esate baterako, ahoz aho transmititu den tradizioa da, eta gaur egun bizirik dirau." Zer da 'bertsolaria'? (Read: "Basque culture has great richness in music, dance and literature. The bertsolari, for example, is a tradition transmitted orally, and it lives on today." What is a 'bertsolaria'?)

  1. Liburu-idazlea (Book writer)
  2. Ahoz bertso sortu eta kantatzen duen pertsona (A person who improvises and sings verses orally) Correct answer.
  3. Musika-tresna jotzailea (A musical instrument player)
  4. Dantzari tradizionala (Traditional dancer)

Explanation

A 'bertsolari' is a Basque oral improvisation poet who composes and sings (bertsos) spontaneously in verse form. The passage confirms this is an oral tradition ('ahoz aho transmititu den'). Bertsolaris improvise on given topics, rhyming in specific meters.

Question 26Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasartea irakurri: "Ikerlariek ondorioztatu dute lo gutxi egiteak ez ezik, lo kalitaterik gabeak ere osasunari eragiten diola. Hori dela eta, ordutegi erregularrak eta lasaitze-teknikak gomendatzen dituzte." Zer gomendatzen dute ikerlariek? (Read: "Researchers have concluded that not only sleeping little but also poor quality sleep affects health. For this reason, they recommend regular schedules and relaxation techniques." What do researchers recommend?)

  1. Lan gutxiago egitea (Doing less work)
  2. Sendagaiak hartzea (Taking medication)
  3. Ordutegi erregularrak eta lasaitze-teknikak (Regular schedules and relaxation techniques) Correct answer.
  4. Egunero kirola egitea (Doing sport every day)

Explanation

The text explicitly states that researchers recommend two things: regular schedules ('ordutegi erregularrak') and relaxation techniques ('lasaitze-teknikak'). These are the direct practical recommendations given.

Question 27Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testu honetan: "Urteetan zehar, hiriek ere berdegune gehiago eskaini nahi dituzte, biztanleen bizi-kalitatea hobetzeko." Zer da 'berdegune'? (In this text: "Over the years, cities also want to offer more green spaces to improve residents' quality of life." What is a 'berdegune'?)

  1. Berde margoko eraikina (A building painted green)
  2. Parke, lorategi edo naturgunea hirian (A park, garden or natural area in a city) Correct answer.
  3. Ingurumen-ministerioa (The environment ministry)
  4. Energia berriztagarrien instalazioa (A renewable energy installation)

Explanation

'Berdegune' is formed from 'berde' (green) + '-gune' (place/area), literally 'green area'. In urban planning contexts, it refers to parks, gardens, and natural spaces within a city that contribute to quality of life.

Question 28Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasarte honetan: "Garraio publikoaren erabilerak CO₂ isurketak murrizten laguntzen du. Hori dela eta, udalerriek garraio publikoa hobetzeko inbertsioak areagotzen ari dira." Zein lokailu adierazten du kausa-ondorio harremana? (In this passage: "Using public transport helps reduce CO₂ emissions. For this reason, municipalities are increasing investments to improve public transport." Which connector expresses the cause-effect relationship?)

  1. Nahiz eta (Although)
  2. Hori dela eta (For this reason / therefore) Correct answer.
  3. Bestalde (On the other hand)
  4. Gainera (Furthermore)

Explanation

'Hori dela eta' (literally 'being that this') is the causal-consecutive connector that introduces the result or consequence of the preceding statement. Here it signals: because public transport reduces CO₂ (cause), municipalities are investing more (effect).

Question 29Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasartea irakurri: "Euskal Herriko txakolina munduan zehar ezagutzen ari da gero eta gehiago. Ekoizle askok kanpo-merkaturako lehen lehentasuna txakolinak izatea erabaki dute." Nola deskribatuko zenuke txakolinaren joera? (Read the passage: "Txakoli from the Basque Country is becoming increasingly known around the world. Many producers have decided that txakoli is their first priority for the export market." How would you describe the trend of txakoli?)

  1. Merkatu txikiko produktua izaten jarraitzen du (It continues to be a small-market product)
  2. Nazioarteko ezagupena eta esportazioa gero eta handiagoa da (International recognition and export is growing increasingly) Correct answer.
  3. Euskal Herrian bakarrik kontsumitzen da (It is only consumed in the Basque Country)
  4. Ekoizleak txakolina alde batera uzten ari dira (Producers are abandoning txakoli)

Explanation

The text states txakoli is becoming 'increasingly known worldwide' and that many producers are prioritising it for export. Both details point to growing international recognition and export activity.

Question 30Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testuinguruan: "Azken hamarkadetan, hezkuntza-sistemak erronka berriei aurre egiten saiatzen ari da: teknologia, aniztasuna eta hezkuntza inklusiboa." Zer esan nahi du 'hezkuntza inklusiboa'? (In context: "In recent decades, the education system is trying to face new challenges: technology, diversity and inclusive education." What does 'hezkuntza inklusiboa' mean?)

  1. Ordainpeko hezkuntza (Fee-paying education)
  2. Desgaitasun edo premia berezia duten ikasleen integrazio osoa bermatzea (Ensuring full integration of students with disability or special needs) Correct answer.
  3. Online hezkuntza (Online education)
  4. Hezkuntza unibertsal eta doakoa (Universal and free education)

Explanation

'Hezkuntza inklusiboa' (inclusive education) refers to an educational approach that ensures all students, including those with disabilities or special educational needs, are fully integrated into mainstream education. It is a key concept in modern educational policy.

Question 31Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasartea irakurri: "Krisi ekonomikoak eragin kaltegarria du merkataritza txikian. Denda handiek prezioen bidez lehiatzen dute, eta auzoko denda txikiak itxi egiten dira." Testuak zein arazo aipatzen du? (Read: "Economic crisis has a harmful impact on small commerce. Large shops compete through prices, and neighbourhood small shops close." What problem does the text describe?)

  1. Denda handiek denda txikiei laguntzen dietela (That large shops help small shops)
  2. Merkataritza txikia krisiaren eta lehiakortasunaren ondorioz kaltetzen dela (That small commerce is harmed by the crisis and competition) Correct answer.
  3. Prezioak merkeegiak direla (That prices are too cheap)
  4. Auzoak desagertzen ari direla (That neighbourhoods are disappearing)

Explanation

The text explicitly describes two pressures on small commerce: the economic crisis ('krisi ekonomikoak eragin kaltegarria') and price competition from large shops. The result is neighbourhood shops closing. The problem is the combined impact of crisis and competitive pressure.

Question 32Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasartean zer esan nahi du 'berrikuntza' hitzak? "Enpresan berrikuntza kulturak lehiakortasuna hobetzen du." (What does the word 'berrikuntza' mean in the passage? "A culture of innovation in the company improves competitiveness.")

  1. Iraganeko metodoak erabiltzea (Using past methods)
  2. Aurkikuntza eta irtenbide berriak garatzea (Developing new discoveries and solutions) Correct answer.
  3. Langileak formatzea (Training employees)
  4. Merkatua aztertzea (Analysing the market)

Explanation

'Berrikuntza' (innovation) is derived from 'berri' (new) + '-kuntza' (nominalisation suffix for processes/results), meaning the process of creating or applying new ideas, solutions or methods. In business context, it means developing new approaches to improve competitiveness.

Question 33Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasarte honetan ideia nagusia identifikatu: "Gaur eguneko kazetaritza digitalak erronka berriei aurre egin behar die: informazioaren egiazkotasuna bermatu, informazio faltsua (fake news) salatu, eta irakurleak era kritikoan pentsatzera bultzatu." (Identify the main idea in this passage: "Today's digital journalism must face new challenges: ensuring the truthfulness of information, denouncing false information (fake news) and encouraging readers to think critically.")

  1. Kazetaritza digitala galtzear dago (Digital journalism is about to disappear)
  2. Kazetaritzak ez du informazioa egiaztatu behar (Journalism does not need to verify information)
  3. Kazetaritza digitalak hiru erronka nagusi ditu kalitatearen alde (Digital journalism has three main challenges for quality) Correct answer.
  4. Irakurleak ez dute pentsatzen (Readers do not think)

Explanation

The passage lists three specific challenges digital journalism faces: verifying truth, combating fake news, and promoting critical thinking. The unifying main idea is that digital journalism must meet these three quality challenges.

Question 34Basque reading and justified interpretation

Pasartean zer esan nahi du 'aitzitik' lokailuak? "Hiri txikietan ez dira erraztasunak falta; aitzitik, komunitateen arteko harremanak sendoagoak dira." (What does the connector 'aitzitik' mean in the passage? "Small cities do not lack amenities; on the contrary, relations between communities are stronger.")

  1. Gainera / eta (Furthermore / and)
  2. Beraz / ondorioz (Therefore / consequently)
  3. Alderantziz / kontrakotz (On the contrary / conversely) Correct answer.
  4. Denboran zehar (Over time)

Explanation

'Aitzitik' is a formal Basque contrastive/adversative connector meaning 'on the contrary' or 'conversely'. It introduces a statement that contradicts or reverses the expectation set by the previous clause. Here it counters the potential negative assumption about small cities.

Question 35Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri: "Gizarteko desberdintasunak konpontzeko, politika sozialek zeregin gakoa dute. Hezkuntzan, osasunean eta etxebizitzan inbertitzeak etorkizun berdintsuagoa bermatzen du." Zein irtenbide proposatzen da? (Read: "To solve social inequalities, social policies have a key role. Investing in education, health and housing guarantees a more equal future." What solution is proposed?)

  1. Hezkuntzako sistemak erreformatzen laguntzea bakarrik (Only helping to reform education systems)
  2. Hezkuntzan, osasunean eta etxebizitzan inbertitzea (Investing in education, health and housing) Correct answer.
  3. Desberdintasunak onartzea (Accepting inequalities)
  4. Politikak ekiditea (Avoiding policies)

Explanation

The text proposes three investment areas - education, health and housing - as the means to guarantee a more equal future. These three sectors are explicitly named as the solution within the framework of social policy action.

Question 36Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri: "Gizarte-komunikabideek informazioa zabaltzen dute, baina baita desinformazioa ere. Irakurleak kritikoak izan behar dira jasotzen duten edukiarekin." Testuak zer eskatzen die irakurleei? (Read: "The media spread information, but also disinformation. Readers must be critical of the content they receive." What does the text ask of readers?)

  1. Komunikabideak ez irakurtzea (Not to read the media)
  2. Edukia kritikotasunez aztertzea (To analyse content critically) Correct answer.
  3. Informazio guztia onestea (To accept all information)
  4. Desinformazioari kasurik ez egitea (Not to pay attention to disinformation)

Explanation

The text explicitly tells readers they 'behar dira kritikoak' (must be critical) regarding the content they receive. This is a direct call for critical analysis of media content, not passive acceptance.

Question 37Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri: "Hiriko zarata-kutsadurak biztanleen lo-kalitatea kaltetzen du. Gainera, etengabeko zaratak gaixotasun kardiobaskularren arriskua handitzen du." Testuan zer ondorio aipatzen dira? (Read: "Urban noise pollution harms residents' sleep quality. Furthermore, constant noise increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases." What consequences are mentioned in the text?)

  1. Lo-kalitatearen galera soilik (Only loss of sleep quality)
  2. Gaixotasun kardiobaskularrak soilik (Only cardiovascular diseases)
  3. Lo-kalitatearen galera eta gaixotasun kardiobaskularren arriskua (Loss of sleep quality and risk of cardiovascular diseases) Correct answer.
  4. Diru-galera eta kutsadura (Financial losses and pollution)

Explanation

The text lists two consequences: harm to sleep quality ('lo-kalitatea kaltetzen du') and increased cardiovascular disease risk ('gaixotasun kardiobaskularren arriskua handitzen du'). The connector 'gainera' (furthermore) signals the addition of the second consequence.

Question 38Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testuan: "Haurren garapen kognitiborako, jolasak garrantzi handia du. Jolasaren bidez, haurrak ingurua esploratu, arazoei aurre egin eta gaitasun sozialak garatzen dituzte." Jolasaren zer funtzio aipatzen dira? (In text: "For children's cognitive development, play is very important. Through play, children explore the environment, face problems and develop social skills." What functions of play are mentioned?)

  1. Ingurua esploratzea soilik (Only exploring the environment)
  2. Ingurua esploratzea, arazoei aurre egitea eta gaitasun sozialak garatzea (Exploring the environment, facing problems and developing social skills) Correct answer.
  3. Gaitasun sozialak garatzea soilik (Only developing social skills)
  4. Lo egitea eta jatea (Sleeping and eating)

Explanation

The text lists three functions of play: (1) exploring the environment ('ingurua esploratu'), (2) facing problems ('arazoei aurre egin'), and (3) developing social skills ('gaitasun sozialak garatzen dituzte'). All three are explicitly stated.

Question 39Basque reading and justified interpretation

Testu honetan ideia nagusia identifikatu: "Euskarak etorkizun oparoa izateko, funtsezko baldintza da hizkuntza-politika sendo bat izatea. Politikak, hezkuntzan, administrazioan eta komunikabideetan euskararen erabilera sustatu behar du." (Identify the main idea in this text: "For Basque to have a prosperous future, having a strong language policy is an essential condition. Policy must promote the use of Basque in education, administration and the media.")

  1. Euskarak ez du etorkizunik (Basque has no future)
  2. Hizkuntza-politika sendoa euskararen etorkizunaren giltza da (Strong language policy is the key to Basque's future) Correct answer.
  3. Komunikabideak dira euskararen arazo nagusia (The media is the main problem for Basque)
  4. Hezkuntza bakarrik nahikoa da euskara babesteko (Education alone is sufficient to protect Basque)

Explanation

The text states explicitly that a strong language policy is the 'funtsezko baldintza' (essential condition) for a prosperous Basque future. The second sentence details what this policy must cover (education, administration, media). The main idea is the centrality of policy for Basque's future.

Question 40Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Elkarrizketa entzun: Ama-k seme-alabari esaten dio: "Etxera itzuli aurretik, mesedez, erosketak egin itzazu; ogia, esnea eta arrautzak falta zaizkigu." Semeak erantzuten du: "Ados, baina ogia bakarrik erosiko dut, besteak etxean ditugu." Zer erosiko du semeak? (Listen to the conversation: A mother tells her child: "Before coming home, please do the shopping; we are out of bread, milk and eggs." The son replies: "OK, but I will only buy bread, the others we have at home." What will the son buy?)

  1. Ogia, esnea eta arrautzak (Bread, milk and eggs)
  2. Esnea eta arrautzak (Milk and eggs)
  3. Ogia bakarrik (Bread only) Correct answer.
  4. Ezer ez (Nothing)

Explanation

The son explicitly states 'ogia bakarrik erosiko dut' (I will only buy bread) and explains that the other items (milk and eggs) are already at home. Despite the mother listing three items, only bread is needed.

Question 41Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Irratiko elkarrizketa entzun ondoren: Kazetariak galdetzen du: "Zergatik aukeratu zenuen medikuntza?" Medikuak erantzuten du: "Txikitatik, nire izeba medikua zelako, eta beti txunditu ninduen bere lanak." Zergatik aukeratu zuen medikuntza? (After listening to a radio interview: A journalist asks: "Why did you choose medicine?" The doctor answers: "From childhood, because my aunt was a doctor, and her work always amazed me." Why did the doctor choose medicine?)

  1. Diru asko irabazteko (To earn a lot of money)
  2. Txikitatik izeba medikua zuelako eta haren lanak txunditu zuelako (Because from childhood his/her aunt was a doctor and her work amazed him/her) Correct answer.
  3. Unibertsitatean medikuntza erraza zelako (Because medicine was easy at university)
  4. Osasun-sistema hobetzeko asmoagatik (Due to the intention of improving the health system)

Explanation

The doctor directly states two related reasons: having a doctor aunt from childhood, and being consistently amazed by her work. These are explicitly cited as the motivation for the career choice.

Question 42Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun ondoren: Denda batean, bezero batek dio: "Hau erosi nahi nuke, baina ez dakit nire tamaina dudan." Saltzaileak erantzuten du: "Probatu dezakezu aldagela dago eskuinera." Zer egingo du bezeroak? (After listening: In a shop, a customer says: "I'd like to buy this, but I'm not sure it's my size." The salesperson says: "You can try it on, the changing room is on the right." What will the customer do?)

  1. Erosi gabe joango da (Will leave without buying)
  2. Tamaina handiagoa eskatuko du (Will ask for a bigger size)
  3. Aldagelara joango da proba egiteko (Will go to the changing room to try it on) Correct answer.
  4. Saltzaileak aukeratuko du tamaina (The salesperson will choose the size)

Explanation

The salesperson informs the customer of the changing room location to try on the item. The logical next step for the customer, who wants to check the size, is to go to the changing room ('probatu dezakezu' = you can try it on).

Question 43Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Podcast zati bat entzun ondoren: "Ikerketa berriek diote meditazioak estresa murrizten duela eta arreta hobetzen duela. Hala ere, ikertzaile batzuek emaitzak zalantzan jartzen dituzte, metodologia-arazo batzuk aipatuz." Zer esan nahi du 'zalantzan jarri'? (After listening to a podcast excerpt: "New studies say meditation reduces stress and improves attention. However, some researchers question the results, citing some methodological problems." What does 'zalantzan jarri' mean?)

  1. Ikerketa bat abiarazi (To launch a study)
  2. Zerbait ziurtzat hartu (To take something as certain)
  3. Zerbait zalantzan edo eztabaidan ipini (To call something into question / cast doubt) Correct answer.
  4. Arazo bat konpondu (To solve a problem)

Explanation

'Zalantzan jarri' is an idiomatic Basque expression meaning to question, to cast doubt on, or to challenge something. The researchers are challenging (not accepting at face value) the study results.

Question 44Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Konferentzia zati bat entzun ondoren: Hizlariak dio: "Gaur eguneko gazteek erronka berriei aurre egin behar diete: lan-merkatua, etxebizitza eta klima-aldaketa." Hizlariak zer erronka aipatzen ez du? (After listening to a conference excerpt: A speaker says: "Today's young people must face new challenges: the labour market, housing and climate change." Which challenge does the speaker NOT mention?)

  1. Lan-merkatua (The labour market)
  2. Etxebizitza (Housing)
  3. Hezkuntzarako sarbidea (Access to education) Correct answer.
  4. Klima-aldaketa (Climate change)

Explanation

The speaker lists three challenges: labour market, housing, and climate change. Access to education (hezkuntzarako sarbidea) is not among them. Identifying what is not mentioned is a key B2 listening discrimination task.

Question 45Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Irrati-albistea entzun ondoren: "Gaur, Eusko Jaurlaritzak iragarri du 2030. urterako energia berriztagarrien erabilera bikoizteko plana. Honek 5.000 lan-postu berri sor ditzake." Planaren helburu nagusia zein da? (After listening to a radio news item: "Today, the Basque Government announced a plan to double the use of renewable energies by 2030. This could create 5,000 new jobs." What is the plan's main objective?)

  1. 5.000 lan-postu sortzea (To create 5,000 jobs)
  2. Energia berriztagarrien erabilera bikoiztea 2030. urterako (To double the use of renewable energies by 2030) Correct answer.
  3. Eusko Jaurlaritzaren aurrekontua handitzea (To increase the Basque Government's budget)
  4. Industria tradizionala modernizatzea (To modernise traditional industry)

Explanation

The announced plan's stated objective is to double renewable energy use by 2030. Job creation (5,000 posts) is a projected secondary benefit, not the primary objective of the plan itself.

Question 46Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Dokumentala entzun ondoren, hizlariak dio: "Urdaibaiko biosfera-erreserba naturaren babesen eredutzat hartzen da, eta bertako ekosistemak oso paregabeak dira." Zer esan nahi du 'paregabeak'? (After listening to a documentary, the speaker says: "The Urdaibai biosphere reserve is considered a model of nature protection, and its ecosystems are very unique." What does 'paregabeak' mean?)

  1. Arriskuan daudenak (In danger)
  2. Konparaezin / berezizinak / bakarrak direnak (Incomparable / exceptional / unique ones) Correct answer.
  3. Zaharrak direnak (Old ones)
  4. Berreraiki behar direnak (Ones that need to be rebuilt)

Explanation

'Paregabeak' derives from 'pare' (equal/match) + 'gabe' (without) + '-ak' (plural), literally 'without equal' - meaning incomparable, unique, or exceptional. It is used to describe the outstanding quality of Urdaibai's ecosystems.

Question 47Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun elkarrizketa: Bi lagun hitz egiten: Jon-ek dio: "Ez dut uste bihar euria egingo duenik". Miren-ek erantzuten du: "Ni ere ez nago ziur, baina hobe da aterkia eraman". Zer iradokitzen du Mirenek? (Listen to conversation: Two friends talking: Jon says: "I don't think it will rain tomorrow". Miren answers: "I'm not sure either, but it's better to take an umbrella". What does Miren suggest?)

  1. Bihar ziur atertu egingo du (It will definitely rain tomorrow)
  2. Aterkia eramateak ez du zentzurik (Taking an umbrella makes no sense)
  3. Ziurtasunik ez dagoenez, aterkia eramatea komenigarria da (As there is no certainty, it is advisable to take an umbrella) Correct answer.
  4. Jonek aterkia behar du (Jon needs an umbrella)

Explanation

Miren expresses uncertainty ('ez nago ziur' - I'm not sure either) but recommends taking an umbrella anyway ('hobe da aterkia eraman' - it's better to take an umbrella). This expresses a precautionary suggestion despite uncertainty.

Question 48Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Eztabaida bat entzun ondoren: Hizlari batek dio: "Sare sozialek komunikazioa erraztu duten arren, isolamendu soziala ere eragin dezakete." Hizlariaren argudiaketa zein da? (After listening to a debate: A speaker says: "Although social networks have facilitated communication, they can also cause social isolation." What is the speaker's argument?)

  1. Sare sozialak guztiz negatiboak dira (Social networks are entirely negative)
  2. Sare sozialak guztiz positiboak dira (Social networks are entirely positive)
  3. Sare sozialek onura eta kalte biak eragin ditzakete (Social networks can cause both benefits and harm) Correct answer.
  4. Sare sozialak komunikazioaren aurkakoak dira (Social networks are against communication)

Explanation

The speaker uses the concessive 'duten arren' (even though they have) to acknowledge a benefit (easier communication), then presents a harm (social isolation) with 'ere' (also). This explicitly balanced structure argues for a dual effect.

Question 49Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun duzunean: "Gaur, Donostiako Udal Liburutegian, haurrentzako ipuin-kontalari saio bat izango da 17:00etatik 18:00etara. Parte hartzeko aurretiaz izena ematea beharrezkoa da." Nork parte har dezake saioan? (In what you heard: "Today, at the Donostia Municipal Library, there will be a storytelling session for children from 5pm to 6pm. Prior registration is required to participate." Who can participate in the session?)

  1. Edonor, aurretiaz izena eman gabe (Anyone, without prior registration)
  2. Helduak soilik (Adults only)
  3. Haurrak, aurretiaz izena emanda (Children, having registered in advance) Correct answer.
  4. Liburutegiko langileek bakarrik (Only library staff)

Explanation

The announcement states two conditions: the session is 'haurrentzako' (for children) and requires prior registration ('aurretiaz izena ematea beharrezkoa da'). Both conditions must be met: be a child AND have registered in advance.

Question 50Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Elkarrizketa entzun ondoren: Aholkularia-k dio: "Zure enpresak aurrera egingo badu, bezeroen iritziak kontuan hartu beharko zenituzke." Zer gomendatzen du aholkulariak? (After listening to the conversation: The consultant says: "If your company is to move forward, you should take customers' opinions into account." What does the consultant recommend?)

  1. Bezeroak gutxiago entzutea (Listening to customers less)
  2. Enpresa ixtea (Closing the company)
  3. Bezeroen iritzia aintzat hartzea aurrerapenaren gakoa dela (Taking customers' opinions into account is key to progress) Correct answer.
  4. Produktuaren prezioa murriztea (Reducing the product price)

Explanation

The consultant states a conditional recommendation: if the company is to progress ('aurrera egingo badu'), it should take customer opinions into account ('kontuan hartu beharko zenituzke'). The recommendation is clearly to value and act on customer feedback.