Facial treatments and skin care products
What this domain tests
Facial treatments and skin care products tests treatment sequencing, product function, massage, extraction safety, contraindications and home-care advice.
Core rules
- A professional facial typically includes consultation, cleansing, exfoliation, tone, massage, mask, moisturiser and sun protection, adapted to skin. Not every skin needs every step.
- Know product categories: surfactants cleanse; humectants attract water; emollients soften; occlusives reduce water loss; exfoliants remove dead corneocytes; antioxidants and retinoids are actives with specific cautions.
- Respect pH and manufacturer instructions, especially with acids, enzymes and vitamin C. More product or longer contact does not mean better results.
- Massage improves circulation and relaxation; use a suitable medium, direction, pressure and duration. Avoid massage over active acne, infection, recent surgery, thrombosis risk or unexplained swelling.
- Extraction is only for suitable comedones, after softening, with gentle technique. Never force inflamed lesions.
- Patch test actives and products as required. Advise on photoprotection and avoid overuse of irritants.
- Contraindications include active infection, open wounds, severe inflammation, recent peels or lasers, some medications and uncontrolled medical conditions.
Worked example
A client wants a deep-cleansing facial but has recently had a chemical peel and reports stinging. The correct plan is to postpone exfoliation and heat, use gentle cleansing and barrier care, and review when the skin has settled. Extractions should not be performed on compromised skin.
Traps
Over-exfoliating; massaging over pustules; using essential oils undiluted; and promising that a facial will cure acne.