LC French study materials
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LC French: Language and Grammar Awareness

LC French · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.

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Language and Grammar Awareness

Language and Grammar Awareness

Grammar is tested both explicitly and through your production. The exam expects control of tense choice, agreement, pronoun use, and prepositions - the errors that most often reduce marks in writing and oral.

Core rules

  • Passé composé vs imparfait: completed event vs background or habit. Hier, j'ai vu Marie (event); Quand j'étais petit, je jouais au foot (habit).
  • Past participle agreement: with être, agree with the subject (elle est partie); with avoir, agree with a preceding direct object (les lettres que j'ai écrites).
  • Subjunctive after bien que, pour que, avant que, il faut que: Bien qu'il soit jeune...
  • Pronouns: y replaces à + place or thing; en replaces de + noun or quantity.
  • Depuis + present for an ongoing action: J'habite ici depuis trois ans.

Worked example

« Hier, quand je (arriver) à la gare, le train (partir) déjà. » Answer: suis arrivé(e); était déjà parti. Reasoning: the arrival is a completed event → passé composé. The train had already left → plus-que-parfait, because it happened before another past action; déjà signals anteriority. Using the imparfait for both (arrivais, partait) loses the sequence.

Traps that cost marks

  • Using depuis with the passé composé for an ongoing state.
  • Forgetting agreement with être verbs.
  • Translating English I am agree as je suis d'accord avec when you mean je suis d'accord pour.
  • Confusing dont and que in relative clauses.
  • Overusing the subjunctive after ordinary que.