Handling, Turning, and Off-Tracking
What the exam checks
This domain tests how a double or triple tracks through turns, lane changes, and curves, and how to compensate for off-tracking and trailer swing. You must recognize that the last trailer follows the shortest path and that the rear of a turning trailer can swing outward.
Core rules
Slow down before a turn, use the outside of your lane, and watch the trailer tires in the mirrors. A longer combination off-tracks more, so a turn that clears with one trailer may put the rear trailer tires over a curb. Make wide right turns without crossing into oncoming traffic, and check both sides for poles, signs, and vehicles. Change lanes gradually and use extra space because each trailer cuts the corner differently. Brake earlier and avoid sudden steering; a rear trailer can amplify sway. When backing, use a spotter and remember that the dolly reverses opposite the trailer's response.
Worked example
A driver turns right at a tight corner and the rear trailer's right tires strike the curb. The driver had started the turn too early and too tight. The better approach is to pull forward and right to open space, then turn slowly while watching the rear trailer wheels; if clearance is doubtful, stop and re-evaluate. The reasoning is off-tracking: the rear trailer does not follow the tractor's path, so the driver must allow for its shorter arc.
Traps that cost marks
Do not "swing wide" into the left lane without checking traffic. Do not watch only the tractor hood; use mirrors. Do not make a sudden correction when a trailer swings. Do not assume a green light or clear corner means the rear trailer will clear.