HTML and Web Page Structure
What this domain tests
Semantic markup: the document skeleton, correct element choice, nesting rules and forms.
Core rules and concepts
- Start with
<!DOCTYPE html>, then<html lang="en">. The head needs<meta charset="UTF-8">, a viewport meta tag, and a unique<title>. - Landmarks:
<header>,<nav>,<main>,<section>,<article>,<aside>,<footer>. One<main>per page; headings run h1–h6 in order without skipping levels. - Lists:
<ul>,<ol>,<dl>with<dt>and<dd>. Links use<a href>; images use<img src alt width height>; captions use<figure>and<figcaption>. - Tables are for data only, with
<caption>,<th scope>and<tbody>. Forms pair every input with a<label for>; group related controls with<fieldset>and<legend>. - Void elements such as
<img>,<br>and<input>have no closing tag.
Worked example
A recipe page is requested. Reasoning: the recipe itself is <article> because it stands alone. Site links go in <nav>; the introduction and method are sections with h2 headings; the ingredient list is a <ul>; the photo sits in a <figure> with a <figcaption>. The alt text describes the finished dish, because that is the image's purpose, not "image of food".
Traps that cost marks
Div soup instead of semantic elements; missing lang or charset; layouts built from tables; skipping heading levels; empty or redundant alt text.