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BSEB Matric Commerce study materials
BSEB Matric Commerce study resources

BSEB Matric Commerce practice questions

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Question 1Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

In business studies, which activity is classified as an economic activity rather than a non-economic activity?

  1. A mother cooking food for her family
  2. A student helping a friend revise notes
  3. A trader selling cloth in a shop to earn profit Correct answer.
  4. A neighbour watering plants as a favour

Explanation

Economic activities are undertaken to earn a living or profit and are measured in money terms, so selling cloth in a shop qualifies. Non-economic activities are performed out of love, affection, charity or social obligation and are not motivated by monetary gain.

Question 2Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which characteristic of business means that profit is essential for survival but cannot be earned by unfair means?

  1. Profit earning as an objective with ethical limits Correct answer.
  2. Uncertainty of returns
  3. Recurring nature of business operations
  4. Dealings in goods and services only

Explanation

Business must earn profit to survive and grow, but the profit should be earned through fair and legitimate means. This distinguishes a business objective from mere money-making by any method.

Question 3Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A firm buys raw material in bulk and sells finished goods in small lots to many buyers. Which characteristic of business does this illustrate?

  1. Membership of a charitable trust
  2. Performance of a single isolated transaction
  3. Dealings in goods and services on a regular basis Correct answer.
  4. Production of goods for self-consumption

Explanation

Business involves regular dealings in goods and services, usually buying in bulk and selling in smaller quantities to many customers. A single isolated transaction does not amount to business because regularity is essential.

Question 4Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which of the following is an example of an industry as distinguished from commerce?

  1. Banking facility for the mine owner
  2. Transport of coal to a factory
  3. Insurance of the coal stock
  4. Extraction of coal from mines Correct answer.

Explanation

Industry is concerned with the production or processing of goods and includes primary, secondary and tertiary activities such as mining. Commerce covers trade and the auxiliaries to trade, like transport, insurance and banking, which help move goods from producer to consumer.

Question 5Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which type of industry is concerned with breeding of fish, poultry and cattle?

  1. Assembling industry
  2. Analytical industry
  3. Genetic industry Correct answer.
  4. Processing industry

Explanation

Genetic industries are engaged in reproducing and multiplying plants and animals, such as nurseries, poultry farms and fish hatcheries. Analytical, assembling and processing industries belong to the manufacturing category, which transforms materials rather than breeding living organisms.

Question 6Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which of the following is a hindrance to trade that commerce helps to remove?

  1. Extraction of minerals from the earth
  2. Risk of loss or damage to goods in transit Correct answer.
  3. Production of goods in a factory
  4. Manufacture of spare parts

Explanation

Hindrances to trade include the distance between producer and consumer, the risk of loss in transit, lack of information about markets and difficulty in financing. Insurance, transport, banking and advertising are auxiliaries that help overcome these hindrances.

Question 7Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which auxiliary to trade provides information about the wants of consumers to producers?

  1. Advertising Correct answer.
  2. Transport
  3. Banking
  4. Warehousing

Explanation

Advertising communicates information about products to consumers and carries feedback about consumer wants back to producers. It is therefore treated as an auxiliary to trade that bridges the information gap between the two sides.

Question 8Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A business enterprise is distinguished from a profession mainly because a business enterprise:

  1. Charges a fee for personalised services to clients
  2. Requires capital investment and bears risk of profit or loss Correct answer.
  3. Requires a prescribed academic degree for entry
  4. Is regulated by a professional body with a code of conduct

Explanation

Business enterprises involve capital investment, transfer of ownership of goods and services, and bearing of risk for profit. Professions, by contrast, require specialised knowledge and a code of conduct, and their members usually charge fees for personal services.

Question 9Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which feature best distinguishes employment from business and profession?

  1. There is capital investment with profit motive
  2. There is transfer of ownership of goods to a buyer
  3. There is a code of conduct enforced by a body
  4. There is a contract of service with regular remuneration Correct answer.

Explanation

Employment arises from a contract of service under which a person works for another in return for regular wages or salary. Business involves sale of goods or services with profit motive, while a profession involves specialised service governed by a code of conduct.

Question 10Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A chartered accountant in private practice charges a fee for auditing client accounts. This activity is best classified as:

  1. A profession Correct answer.
  2. A non-economic activity
  3. An employment
  4. A genetic industry

Explanation

A chartered accountant in practice renders specialised personal service based on expert knowledge, is governed by a professional body and charges a fee, which are the marks of a profession. The relationship is not one of regular salary under an employer.

Question 11Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which of the following best explains why business is described as a risk-bearing activity?

  1. Future demand, prices and losses cannot be predicted with certainty Correct answer.
  2. Business activities are performed only once
  3. Business requires a written code of conduct
  4. Goods are always sold for cash only

Explanation

Business decisions are taken about the future, and demand, prices, costs and losses cannot be forecast with certainty. The possibility of loss or damage from these uncertainties makes risk-bearing an essential feature of business.

Question 12Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which objective of business relates to providing quality goods at reasonable prices and generating employment?

  1. Personal objective of the owner
  2. Economic objective
  3. Professional objective
  4. Social objective Correct answer.

Explanation

Social objectives of business include supplying quality goods and services at fair prices, generating employment, protecting the environment and contributing to community welfare. Economic objectives, such as profit and growth, are distinct from these social aims.

Question 13Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which of the following is a human objective of business?

  1. Achieving a larger share of the market
  2. Providing fair remuneration and good working conditions to employees Correct answer.
  3. Adopting environment-friendly production methods
  4. Earning a satisfactory return on capital invested

Explanation

Human objectives of business concern the people associated with it, including employees and customers, and cover fair remuneration, safe working conditions and opportunities for growth. Return on capital and market share are economic objectives, while environmental protection is a social objective.

Question 14Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which of the following is a characteristic of a primary industry?

  1. It separates one product into several components
  2. It assembles components into a finished product
  3. It draws natural resources directly from nature Correct answer.
  4. It stores goods until they are demanded

Explanation

Primary industries are concerned with the extraction and production of natural resources, as in agriculture, fishing, mining and forestry. Assembling, analytical and warehousing activities belong to other categories.

Question 15Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A firm that refines crude oil into petrol, diesel and other products is best described as:

  1. A synthetic industry
  2. A genetic industry
  3. An assembling industry
  4. An analytical industry Correct answer.

Explanation

An analytical industry analyses a single raw material into several distinct products, as refining crude oil yields petrol, diesel and lubricants. Synthetic industry combines several materials, assembling industry joins parts, and genetic industry breeds living organisms.

Question 16Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which of the following correctly distinguishes trade from auxiliaries to trade?

  1. Trade involves buying and selling of goods, while auxiliaries support such buying and selling Correct answer.
  2. Trade involves insurance, while auxiliaries involve transport
  3. Trade involves storage of goods, while auxiliaries involve production of goods
  4. Trade involves manufacturing, while auxiliaries involve mining

Explanation

Trade is the actual purchase and sale of goods, whether within a country or across borders. Auxiliaries to trade, such as transport, banking, insurance, warehousing and advertising, facilitate and support trade without being the sale itself.

Question 17Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

An entrepreneur starts a business expecting profit but also accepts the chance of loss. This situation reflects which feature of business?

  1. Uncertainty of return Correct answer.
  2. Production for self-consumption
  3. Regularity of dealings
  4. Membership of a profession

Explanation

Business returns are uncertain because they depend on future demand, competition and costs, so profit is not guaranteed. Accepting this possibility of loss along with the hope of profit is the essence of risk-bearing in business.

Question 18Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which pair correctly matches an auxiliary to trade with the hindrance it removes?

  1. Transport with the hindrance of risk
  2. Warehousing with the hindrance of storage Correct answer.
  3. Advertising with the hindrance of distance
  4. Insurance with the hindrance of financing

Explanation

Warehousing removes the hindrance of storage by holding goods safely until they are needed. Advertising addresses lack of information, transport addresses distance, and insurance addresses risk, not financing.

Question 19Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which statement about the scope of commerce is correct?

  1. Commerce includes only manufacturing industries
  2. Commerce includes trade and the auxiliaries to trade Correct answer.
  3. Commerce includes only extraction of raw materials
  4. Commerce excludes transport and banking

Explanation

Commerce is wider than trade and covers both trade and the auxiliaries to trade, such as transport, banking, insurance, warehousing and advertising. Industries that produce goods lie outside commerce and form part of industry.

Question 20Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A company runs a poultry farm, a flour mill and a chain of retail outlets. Which sequence correctly names these three activities?

  1. Genetic industry, manufacturing industry, trade Correct answer.
  2. Genetic industry, trade, manufacturing industry
  3. Trade, genetic industry, manufacturing industry
  4. Manufacturing industry, genetic industry, transport

Explanation

Poultry farming breeds and multiplies birds, making it a genetic industry; a flour mill processes raw material into a finished product, making it a manufacturing industry; and retail outlets carry on the buying and selling of goods, which is trade.

Question 21Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which of the following best explains the relationship between industry and commerce?

  1. Commerce produces goods while industry removes hindrances to trade
  2. Industry produces goods while commerce distributes them to consumers Correct answer.
  3. Industry and commerce are identical in scope
  4. Industry distributes goods while commerce produces them

Explanation

Industry is concerned with producing or processing goods, whereas commerce handles the distribution of those goods through trade and its auxiliaries. The two are complementary parts of business activity, not identical in scope.

Question 22Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A firm earns high profit by selling substandard medicines and ignoring employee safety. Which conclusion is most appropriate?

  1. It has met economic objectives but failed in social and human objectives Correct answer.
  2. It has met all three categories of objectives simultaneously
  3. It has met human objectives but failed in economic objectives
  4. It has met social objectives but failed in economic objectives

Explanation

Profit earning is an economic objective, but supplying quality goods at fair prices is a social objective and employee welfare is a human objective. Earning profit through substandard goods while ignoring safety shows success only in the economic dimension.

Question 23Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A person who is a qualified lawyer joins a company as its salaried legal officer. Which classification is most accurate?

  1. The person is engaged in a non-economic activity
  2. The person is carrying on a business in goods
  3. The person is in private professional practice
  4. The person is in employment, though trained for a profession Correct answer.

Explanation

The decisive feature is the contract of service with regular salary, which makes the relationship one of employment. Professional training alone does not make it private practice, because the person serves an employer rather than independent clients for a fee.

Question 24Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which feature is common to business, profession and employment?

  1. Each is governed by a written code of conduct
  2. Each requires capital investment by the person
  3. Each involves an economic activity aimed at earning a living Correct answer.
  4. Each involves transfer of ownership of goods

Explanation

Business, profession and employment are all economic activities because each is undertaken to earn a livelihood and is measured in money terms. Capital investment, transfer of ownership and a code of conduct apply to some of them but not to all.

Question 25Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A cooperative society sells milk at fair prices and spends part of its surplus on village schools. Which category of objectives does the school spending illustrate?

  1. Personal objective of the manager
  2. Human objective relating to employees
  3. Social objective Correct answer.
  4. Economic objective

Explanation

Contributing to community welfare, such as building village schools, is a social objective of business because it serves society beyond the firm's own economic gain. Economic objectives concern profit and growth, while human objectives concern employees and customers directly.

Question 26Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which of the following best defines the term 'business' as studied in commerce?

  1. An economic activity involving the production and distribution of goods and services with the aim of earning profit Correct answer.
  2. A charitable activity organised to provide free education and medical aid to the poor
  3. A social activity performed by government agencies to maintain law and order
  4. Any activity undertaken to earn a livelihood by rendering personal services to others

Explanation

Business is an economic activity because it is undertaken to earn a living and involves the production or exchange of goods and services for profit. Activities such as charity or government administration are not business because they are not organised around profit through production and distribution.

Question 27Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A firm buys wheat from farmers, grinds it into flour and sells the flour to bakeries. Which sequence correctly names the types of industry involved?

  1. Primary industry, secondary industry, trade Correct answer.
  2. Secondary industry, primary industry, trade
  3. Primary industry, trade, secondary industry
  4. Trade, primary industry, secondary industry

Explanation

Buying wheat from farmers is associated with primary industry because it involves extraction from nature. Grinding wheat into flour is a manufacturing activity, which belongs to secondary industry, and selling flour to bakeries is trade, the buying and selling of goods.

Question 28Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

Which of the following best explains why business is considered an economic activity?

  1. It is undertaken with the primary objective of earning profit and a livelihood Correct answer.
  2. It is performed out of love and affection for family members
  3. It is carried on only by government departments for public welfare
  4. It is compulsory for every citizen under the law of the state

Explanation

Economic activities are those undertaken to earn a living or create wealth, and business is organised production and distribution aimed at profit. Non-economic activities, such as household work done out of affection, are not business because they lack the profit motive.

Question 29Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A trader in a village earns profit by buying vegetables from local farmers and selling them in the nearby town. Which function of commerce is being performed when he arranges for the vegetables to be carried to the town?

  1. Warehousing
  2. Transportation Correct answer.
  3. Insurance
  4. Banking

Explanation

Transportation is the auxiliary to trade that removes the hindrance of place by moving goods from where they are produced to where they are needed. Banking, insurance and warehousing deal with other hindrances such as finance, risk and storage, not with physical movement.

Question 30Business Studies: Nature and Scope of Business

A firm manufactures and sells goods in its home country and also exports them to another country. Which statement about the scope of commerce is most accurate?

  1. Commerce includes both internal trade and external trade along with the auxiliaries to trade Correct answer.
  2. Commerce is limited to the sale of goods within the home country
  3. Commerce covers only the auxiliaries to trade and excludes buying and selling
  4. Commerce includes only the production of goods and not their exchange

Explanation

Commerce is wider than trade because it includes trade, both internal and external, together with the auxiliaries such as transport, banking, insurance, warehousing and advertising that facilitate trade. Production of goods belongs to industry, while commerce deals with distribution.

Question 31Forms of Business Organisation

एकल स्वामित्व व्यवसाय में लाभ पर सर्वप्रथम अधिकार किसका होता है?

  1. ऋणदाताओं का
  2. स्वामी का Correct answer.
  3. कर्मचारियों का
  4. ग्राहकों का

Explanation

एकल स्वामित्व में स्वामी ही पूँजी लगाता है और व्यवसाय का एकमात्र स्वामी होता है, इसलिए शुद्ध लाभ उसी का होता है। ऋणदाताओं को केवल ब्याज और मूलधन मिलता है, लाभ में हिस्सा नहीं।

Question 32Forms of Business Organisation

साझेदारी व्यवसाय में साझेदारों का दायित्व किस प्रकार का होता है?

  1. सीमित, केवल लगाई गई पूँजी तक
  2. असीमित और संयुक्त तथा पृथक् Correct answer.
  3. सीमित, केवल लाभ के अनुपात तक
  4. पूर्णतः सरकार द्वारा वहन किया जाता है

Explanation

भारतीय साझेदारी अधिनियम, 1932 के अनुसार साझेदारों का दायित्व असीमित होता है और वह संयुक्त रूप से तथा पृथक् रूप से होता है। अर्थात् व्यवसाय की देनदारी के लिए साझेदारों की निजी संपत्ति भी उत्तरदायी हो सकती है।

Question 33Forms of Business Organisation

कंपनी के अस्तित्व को उसके सदस्यों से पृथक् मानने वाला लक्षण क्या कहलाता है?

  1. पृथक् विधिक अस्तित्व Correct answer.
  2. हस्तांतरणीय शेयर
  3. सतत् अस्तित्व
  4. सीमित दायित्व

Explanation

कंपनी को विधि द्वारा एक कृत्रिम व्यक्ति का दर्जा मिलता है, जो अपने सदस्यों से भिन्न होता है। इसी पृथक् विधिक अस्तित्व के कारण कंपनी अपने नाम से संपत्ति रख सकती है और वाद कर सकती है।

Question 34Forms of Business Organisation

सहकारी समिति में 'एक सदस्य, एक मत' का नियम किस सिद्धांत पर आधारित है?

  1. लाभ अधिकतमीकरण
  2. सरकारी नियुक्ति
  3. पूँजी के अनुपात में नियंत्रण
  4. लोकतांत्रिक नियंत्रण Correct answer.

Explanation

सहकारी समितियाँ लोकतांत्रिक सिद्धांत पर चलती हैं, जिसमें प्रत्येक सदस्य को शेयर पूँजी की मात्रा चाहे जो हो, एक ही मत मिलता है। इससे नियंत्रण धन के बजाय सदस्यता पर आधारित रहता है।

Question 35Forms of Business Organisation

भारत में कंपनी का पंजीकरण किस अधिनियम के अंतर्गत होता है?

  1. उपभोक्ता संरक्षण अधिनियम, 2019
  2. भारतीय साझेदारी अधिनियम, 1932
  3. सहकारी समिति अधिनियम, 1912
  4. कंपनी अधिनियम, 2013 Correct answer.

Explanation

कंपनी अधिनियम, 2013 कंपनी के गठन, पंजीकरण, प्रबंधन और समापन से संबंधित प्रमुख विधि है। कंपनी रजिस्ट्रार के पास पंजीकरण इसी अधिनियम के अंतर्गत कराया जाता है।

Question 36Forms of Business Organisation

सार्वजनिक निगम (स्टेट कॉर्पोरेशन) की स्थापना किसके द्वारा की जाती है?

  1. विशेष संसदीय अधिनियम द्वारा Correct answer.
  2. साझेदारों के समझौते से
  3. केवल रजिस्ट्रार के पास आवेदन से
  4. नगर निगम के प्रस्ताव से

Explanation

सार्वजनिक निगम का निर्माण संसद या राज्य विधानमंडल के विशेष अधिनियम द्वारा होता है, जिसमें उसके उद्देश्य, शक्तियाँ और कार्य निर्धारित होते हैं। इसलिए इसे विधायी निगम भी कहा जाता है।

Question 37Forms of Business Organisation

एकल स्वामित्व व्यवसाय की एक प्रमुख सीमा कौन-सी है?

  1. लाभ का बँटवारा
  2. निर्णय लेने में विलंब
  3. पूँजी की सीमित उपलब्धता Correct answer.
  4. स्वामी का सीमित नियंत्रण

Explanation

एकल स्वामी की व्यक्तिगत बचत और उधार लेने की क्षमता सीमित होती है, इसलिए बड़े पैमाने पर पूँजी जुटाना कठिन होता है। शेयर जारी करके जनता से पूँजी लेने की सुविधा इसमें नहीं होती।

Question 38Forms of Business Organisation

साझेदारी फर्म में 'निष्क्रिय साझेदार' से क्या अभिप्राय है?

  1. वह साझेदार जिसने फर्म छोड़ दी है
  2. वह साझेदार जो केवल ऋण देता है
  3. वह साझेदार जो केवल लाभ में हिस्सा लेता है पर दायित्व नहीं उठाता
  4. वह साझेदार जो पूँजी लगाता है पर प्रबंधन में भाग नहीं लेता Correct answer.

Explanation

निष्क्रिय साझेदार पूँजी अवश्य लगाता है और लाभ में हिस्सा पाता है, परंतु दैनिक प्रबंधन में सक्रिय रूप से भाग नहीं लेता। वह फर्म का पूर्ण साझेदार ही रहता है और दायित्व भी उठाता है।

Question 39Forms of Business Organisation

कंपनी के सदस्यों का दायित्व उनके द्वारा लिए गए शेयरों के अंकित मूल्य तक सीमित रहता है। यह कंपनी का कौन-सा लक्षण है?

  1. साझा प्रबंधन
  2. विधिक अस्तित्व
  3. सतत् अस्तित्व
  4. सीमित दायित्व Correct answer.

Explanation

सीमित दायित्व का अर्थ है कि शेयरधारक केवल अपने शेयरों पर बाकी राशि तक उत्तरदायी होता है और कंपनी के ऋणों के लिए उसकी निजी संपत्ति नहीं जब्त होती। यह कंपनी रूप का एक प्रमुख आकर्षण है।

Question 40Forms of Business Organisation

सहकारी समितियों के गठन का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या होता है?

  1. विदेशी निवेश आकर्षित करना
  2. सदस्यों की आर्थिक सहायता और सेवा Correct answer.
  3. शेयरधारकों के लिए अधिकतम लाभ
  4. सरकारी कर वसूली

Explanation

सहकारी समिति का लक्ष्य सदस्यों की आर्थिक स्थिति सुधारना और आपसी सहयोग से सेवा प्रदान करना होता है, जैसे उपभोक्ता वस्तुएँ सस्ते दाम पर उपलब्ध कराना। लाभ कमाना इसका प्रमुख उद्देश्य नहीं होता।

Question 41Forms of Business Organisation

एक साझेदारी में A, B और C का लाभ अनुपात 3:2:1 है। यदि वर्ष का लाभ 60,000 रुपये है, तो A का हिस्सा कितना होगा?

  1. 20,000 रुपये
  2. 30,000 रुपये Correct answer.
  3. 10,000 रुपये
  4. 36,000 रुपये

Explanation

लाभ अनुपात का कुल योग 3+2+1 = 6 भाग है। A को 6 में से 3 भाग मिलते हैं, अर्थात् 60,000 × 3/6 = 30,000 रुपये।

Question 42Forms of Business Organisation

कंपनी के प्रबंधन का दायित्व किसके पास होता है?

  1. ऋणदाताओं की समिति
  2. शेयरधारकों की आम सभा
  3. निदेशक मंडल Correct answer.
  4. कंपनी सचिव अकेले

Explanation

शेयरधारक कंपनी के स्वामी होते हैं, परंतु दैनिक प्रबंधन निदेशक मंडल करता है, जिसे शेयरधारक चुनते हैं। निदेशक मंडल ही कंपनी की ओर से निर्णय लेता है।

Question 43Forms of Business Organisation

'जनता के धन से जनता के लिए' कार्य करने वाला सार्वजनिक उपक्रम का रूप कौन-सा है?

  1. एकल स्वामित्व
  2. साझेदारी
  3. सार्वजनिक निगम Correct answer.
  4. निजी कंपनी

Explanation

सार्वजनिक निगम सरकार द्वारा सार्वजनिक सेवा के उद्देश्य से बनाया जाता है और उसकी पूँजी सरकारी कोष से आती है। इसलिए यह जनहित में कार्य करता है।

Question 44Forms of Business Organisation

एकल स्वामित्व व्यवसाय का सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण लाभ क्या है?

  1. सतत् अस्तित्व
  2. शेयरों का हस्तांतरण
  3. शीघ्र निर्णय और पूर्ण नियंत्रण Correct answer.
  4. सीमित दायित्व

Explanation

एकल स्वामी ही पूँजी लगाता, जोखिम उठाता और निर्णय लेता है, इसलिए वह बिना परामर्श शीघ्र निर्णय ले सकता है और व्यवसाय पर उसका पूर्ण नियंत्रण रहता है। यही इसका सबसे बड़ा लाभ माना जाता है।

Question 45Forms of Business Organisation

साझेदारी फर्म का पंजीकरण भारतीय साझेदारी अधिनियम, 1932 के अंतर्गत किसके पास किया जाता है?

  1. कंपनी रजिस्ट्रार
  2. जिला मजिस्ट्रेट
  3. फर्म रजिस्ट्रार Correct answer.
  4. आयकर अधिकारी

Explanation

साझेदारी फर्म का पंजीकरण राज्य के फर्म रजिस्ट्रार के पास आवेदन देकर कराया जाता है। पंजीकरण अनिवार्य नहीं, परंतु अपंजीकृत फर्म को तीसरे पक्ष के विरुद्ध वाद करने में कठिनाई होती है।

Question 46Forms of Business Organisation

सहकारी समिति में लाभ का वितरण किस रूप में किया जाता है?

  1. निदेशकों को पूरा लाभ
  2. सरकार को पूरा लाभ
  3. सदस्यों को उनके लेनदेन के अनुपात में प्रतिफल Correct answer.
  4. पूँजी पर अत्यधिक लाभांश

Explanation

सहकारी समिति में अधिशेष सदस्यों को उनके द्वारा समिति से किए गए लेनदेन के अनुपात में लौटाया जाता है, जिसे प्रतिफल या बोनस कहते हैं। पूँजी पर लाभांश की दर सीमित रखी जाती है।

Question 47Forms of Business Organisation

किसी कंपनी में 10,000 शेयरधारक हैं। कंपनी के ऋणों के लिए उनका दायित्व किस तक सीमित रहता है?

  1. कंपनी की कुल संपत्ति तक
  2. उनके द्वारा धारित शेयरों पर बाकी राशि तक Correct answer.
  3. प्रत्येक की संपूर्ण निजी संपत्ति तक
  4. उनके वार्षिक वेतन तक

Explanation

सीमित दायित्व कंपनी में शेयरधारक केवल अपने शेयरों पर अदत्त राशि तक उत्तरदायी होता है। शेयरों का पूरा मूल्य चुका देने पर उसकी कोई अतिरिक्त देनदारी नहीं रहती।

Question 48Forms of Business Organisation

सार्वजनिक निगम और सरकारी कंपनी में मुख्य अंतर किस आधार पर है?

  1. कर्मचारियों की संख्या
  2. उत्पाद का प्रकार
  3. स्थापना की विधि Correct answer.
  4. कार्यालय का स्थान

Explanation

सार्वजनिक निगम विशेष संसदीय अधिनियम से बनता है, जबकि सरकारी कंपनी कंपनी अधिनियम के अंतर्गत पंजीकृत होती है। इसलिए दोनों में मूल अंतर उनके गठन की विधि का है।

Question 49Forms of Business Organisation

साझेदारी में किस साझेदार का दायित्व अन्य साझेदारों के समान असीमित नहीं होता?

  1. सीमित दायित्व साझेदार Correct answer.
  2. सक्रिय साझेदार
  3. नाममात्र साझेदार
  4. निष्क्रिय साझेदार

Explanation

सीमित दायित्व साझेदार अपनी लगाई गई पूँजी तक ही उत्तरदायी होता है और प्रबंधन में भाग नहीं लेता। शेष साझेदारों का दायित्व असीमित रहता है।

Question 50Forms of Business Organisation

एकल स्वामित्व व्यवसाय में स्वामी की मृत्यु हो जाने पर व्यवसाय का क्या होता है?

  1. व्यवसाय शेयरधारकों में बँट जाता है
  2. व्यवसाय स्थायी रूप से चलता रहता है
  3. व्यवसाय स्वतः समाप्त हो जाता है Correct answer.
  4. व्यवसाय सरकार को हस्तांतरित हो जाता है

Explanation

एकल स्वामित्व का अस्तित्व स्वामी के जीवन से जुड़ा होता है, क्योंकि व्यवसाय और स्वामी में कोई विधिक भेद नहीं होता। स्वामी की मृत्यु, दिवालियापन या अक्षमता से व्यवसाय समाप्त हो जाता है।