Manicure, Pedicure and Nail Care
What the exam tests
This domain tests nail anatomy, safe manicure and pedicure sequences, filing, cuticle care, foot soak and callus care, polish application, tool disinfection and contraindications.
Core rules and concepts
- Nail plate, nail bed, matrix, lunula, cuticle and free edge are key structures. The matrix produces the nail plate; damage can cause permanent distortion.
- File in one direction with a fine file to reduce splitting. Do not saw back and forth aggressively.
- Push back softened cuticles gently; do not cut live cuticle tissue. Trim only a loose hangnail with clean nippers.
- Pedicure: soak, clean, exfoliate, reduce hard callus carefully, massage, polish. Dry feet thoroughly, especially between toes.
- Contraindications include fungal nail infection, open sores, severe circulatory problems and uncontrolled diabetes. Refer rather than treat.
Worked example
A client has a small torn hangnail but no infection. Reasoned action: soften the area, clean the nipper, trim only the loose tag, apply antiseptic if the salon protocol allows, and moisturize. Do not pull the skin or cut into healthy cuticle. Pulling enlarges the wound and raises infection risk.
Traps that cost marks
Do not cut cuticles routinely. Do not share nippers or files without disinfection. Do not perform pedicure on a diabetic foot without medical advice. Do not file back and forth on thin nails. Do not polish over a fungal nail.