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BSEH SS Home Science study materials
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BSEH SS Home Science practice questions

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Question 1Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

According to widely used growth references, which statement best describes the typical timing of the adolescent growth spurt in girls compared with boys?

  1. It occurs only in boys and not in girls
  2. It begins at the same age in both sexes
  3. It begins about two years later in girls than in boys
  4. It begins about two years earlier in girls than in boys Correct answer.

Explanation

The pubertal growth spurt is a sex-specific event. In girls the peak height velocity usually occurs around 11–12 years, whereas in boys it is typically around 13–14 years, so girls generally spurt roughly two years earlier. This difference in timing is a key reason girls are often temporarily taller than boys of the same age in early adolescence.

Question 2Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A mother reports that her 15-month-old can pull to stand but cannot yet walk independently. Which principle of development best explains this observation?

  1. Development is entirely determined by heredity
  2. Development proceeds in a cephalocaudal and proximodistal direction Correct answer.
  3. Development occurs in a random sequence across children
  4. Development of gross motor skills depends only on nutrition

Explanation

Motor development follows predictable directional patterns: control progresses from head to trunk to legs (cephalocaudal) and from the centre of the body outward to the extremities (proximodistal). Pulling to stand before walking independently reflects this orderly sequence. It is a normal milestone pattern rather than evidence of a problem.

Question 3Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which term describes the increase in the number and size of body cells that underlies physical growth?

  1. Atrophy
  2. Differentiation
  3. Involution
  4. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy Correct answer.

Explanation

Growth occurs through hyperplasia (increase in cell number) and hypertrophy (increase in cell size). These two processes together account for increases in tissue mass during childhood. Involution and atrophy describe decrease or shrinkage, and differentiation refers to cells becoming specialised rather than increasing in mass.

Question 4Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

At approximately what age do most children begin to use two- to three-word combinations such as 'more milk' or 'daddy go'?

  1. Around 9–10 years
  2. Around 6–8 months
  3. Around 18–24 months Correct answer.
  4. Around 4–5 years

Explanation

Telegraphic two- and three-word combinations typically emerge between about 18 and 24 months, after single words have appeared. This stage marks the beginning of grammar-like word ordering. Earlier cooing and babbling, and later complex sentences, occur on either side of this period.

Question 5Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which of the following is the most characteristic feature of egocentric thought in the preoperational child described by Piaget?

  1. Complete absence of symbolic play
  2. Inability to form any attachment
  3. Inability to use language at all
  4. Difficulty taking another person's spatial or visual perspective Correct answer.

Explanation

Preoperational egocentrism refers to the young child's tendency to interpret the world from a single viewpoint, as illustrated in three-mountain-type perspective tasks. The child can use language and symbols but struggles to decentre from their own view. This is a cognitive limitation, not a language or attachment deficit.

Question 6Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which statement correctly describes the direction of the secular trend in growth?

  1. Children today tend to be taller and reach puberty earlier than children of earlier generations Correct answer.
  2. Children today tend to be shorter and reach puberty later
  3. Adult height has remained fixed across all generations
  4. Puberty now occurs at the same age in every population

Explanation

The secular trend refers to generational changes in growth, generally toward greater adult height and earlier maturation in populations with improved nutrition and health. It is observed over decades rather than within individuals. The trend is not universal or fixed, and it can slow when living conditions worsen.

Question 7Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which of the following best describes the function of a growth chart plotted with serial measurements?

  1. It shows a child's growth trajectory over time relative to reference percentiles Correct answer.
  2. It replaces the need for clinical examination
  3. It measures cognitive development
  4. It diagnoses a specific disease from a single measurement

Explanation

Serial plotting on a growth chart reveals the pattern and velocity of growth against reference percentiles, allowing early detection of faltering or crossing of centile lines. A single point is less informative than the trajectory. Growth charts support, but do not replace, clinical assessment and do not measure cognition.

Question 8Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A 13-year-old girl has recently begun menstruating and shows a temporary decline in rate of height gain. Which explanation is most consistent with normal pubertal physiology?

  1. Menarche has no relationship to the growth spurt
  2. Menarche always accelerates height gain sharply
  3. Height gain stops completely at menarche
  4. Peak height velocity in girls usually precedes menarche, so height gain slows after it Correct answer.

Explanation

In girls, peak height velocity typically occurs before menarche, and growth decelerates afterwards as oestrogen promotes epiphyseal maturation. A slowing of height gain after menarche is therefore expected. Growth continues for a while rather than stopping abruptly.

Question 9Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A 4-year-old is shown two identical balls of clay; one is rolled into a long sausage and the child says the sausage has more clay. Which Piagetian concept does this illustrate?

  1. Reversibility
  2. Object permanence
  3. Lack of conservation Correct answer.
  4. Abstract reasoning

Explanation

Conservation is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance. The preoperational child focuses on the perceptual feature of length and ignores the compensating change in thickness, showing non-conservation. Reversibility, which would allow the child to mentally undo the transformation, is not yet reliably present.

Question 10Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, which conflict is central to adolescence?

  1. Identity versus role confusion Correct answer.
  2. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
  3. Trust versus mistrust
  4. Industry versus inferiority

Explanation

Erikson placed identity versus role confusion in adolescence, when young people explore values, roles and commitments to form a coherent sense of self. The other conflicts belong to earlier stages: infancy, early childhood and middle childhood respectively. Successful resolution supports a stable identity for later intimacy.

Question 11Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A toddler who was previously affectionate with grandparents now clings to the mother and cries when a stranger approaches. How should this be interpreted developmentally?

  1. As evidence of a secure attachment disorder requiring referral
  2. As a sign that the child cannot distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people
  3. As regression caused by poor parenting
  4. As normal stranger anxiety arising with attachment formation Correct answer.

Explanation

Stranger wariness typically emerges in the second half of the first year and continues into toddlerhood as infants form specific attachments and can discriminate familiar from unfamiliar faces. It is a normal developmental phase. It reflects growing cognitive discrimination rather than a disorder or parenting failure.

Question 12Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which pattern of growth is typical of lymphoid tissue during childhood?

  1. It grows rapidly and exceeds adult size in middle childhood before declining Correct answer.
  2. It shrinks steadily from birth onward
  3. It reaches adult size only after puberty
  4. It remains at a constant size from birth to adulthood

Explanation

Lymphoid tissue follows its own growth curve, peaking at roughly 150–200 per cent of adult size around middle childhood and then involuting. This contrasts with the neural curve, which is near adult size early, and the general body curve. The pattern reflects the developing immune system's needs.

Question 13Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A teacher notices that a 7-year-old can classify objects by colour and by shape but cannot yet understand that an object can belong to two categories at once. Which Piagetian limitation does this reflect?

  1. Absence of symbolic thought
  2. Failure of object permanence
  3. Difficulty with class inclusion Correct answer.
  4. Inability to conserve number

Explanation

Class inclusion is the understanding that a subclass is part of a broader class, so an item can belong to overlapping categories simultaneously. Concrete operational children may handle some classification but often struggle with this until later in the stage. Conservation of number and object permanence are different concepts.

Question 14Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which change in body composition is most typical of the adolescent growth spurt in boys compared with girls?

  1. A greater increase in body fat relative to muscle
  2. A greater increase in lean body mass and muscle relative to fat Correct answer.
  3. A decrease in total bone mineral density
  4. A decrease in lean mass with age

Explanation

Under the influence of testosterone, boys add proportionally more lean mass and muscle during adolescence, while girls tend to add relatively more fat, particularly around the hips and breasts. Bone mineral density increases in both sexes during the spurt. These sex differences shape adult body composition.

Question 15Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A mother reports that her 9-month-old can sit without support but does not yet crawl. How should this be interpreted?

  1. Motor milestones are identical in all children at all ages
  2. Sitting before crawling is within the normal range of motor milestone variation Correct answer.
  3. The child must crawl before sitting to be developing normally
  4. Failure to crawl by 9 months indicates cerebral palsy

Explanation

Motor milestones have a normal range of ages and some variation in sequence; many infants sit steadily before or without a distinct crawling phase. The absence of crawling alone at nine months is not a red flag. Assessment should consider overall trajectory rather than a single milestone.

Question 16Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which of the following best reflects the development of emotional regulation during middle childhood?

  1. Children lose the ability to recognise emotions in others
  2. Children become unable to delay gratification compared with toddlers
  3. Children increasingly use internal strategies such as reframing and self-talk Correct answer.
  4. Children rely entirely on caregivers to manage all emotions

Explanation

During middle childhood, children shift from external, caregiver-dependent regulation toward internal strategies such as self-talk, distraction and cognitive reframing. This supports greater self-control and social competence. Emotion recognition and delay of gratification also improve rather than decline.

Question 17Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A 16-year-old begins to argue that rules should apply only if they serve a fair purpose and can be questioned. In Kohlberg's terms, which level is this reasoning most consistent with?

  1. Post-conventional moral reasoning Correct answer.
  2. Amoral reasoning
  3. Pre-conventional moral reasoning
  4. Conventional moral reasoning

Explanation

Post-conventional reasoning involves evaluating rules against broader principles of justice and fairness rather than accepting them because authority or peers endorse them. Questioning rules for their purpose fits this level, though adolescents may still reason conventionally in many situations. Pre-conventional reasoning is self-interest based, and conventional reasoning is conformity based.

Question 18Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which of the following is the best example of a fine motor skill typically emerging in the preschool years?

  1. Walking up stairs alternating feet
  2. Copying a circle and using scissors with supervision Correct answer.
  3. Hopping on one foot across a room
  4. Throwing a ball overhand with a full body turn

Explanation

Fine motor skills involve small, precise movements of the hands and fingers, such as drawing shapes and cutting. Copying a circle and using scissors are preschool fine motor achievements. The other options are gross motor skills involving the large muscles of the body.

Question 19Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A girl reaches menarche at 9 years of age. Which statement is most accurate?

  1. Menarche at 9 years is impossible in healthy girls
  2. Age at menarche is unrelated to nutrition and body fat
  3. This is early but within the lower end of the normal range and warrants assessment Correct answer.
  4. Menarche before 15 years is always abnormal

Explanation

Menarche typically occurs between about 10 and 15 years, with variation influenced by genetics, nutrition and body composition. Onset at nine is at the early end and merits clinical review, but it is not automatically pathological. Age at menarche is clearly related to nutritional status and adiposity.

Question 20Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which statement best explains why the adolescent growth spurt differs in timing between the sexes?

  1. Boys inherit taller genes than girls in all families
  2. Gonadal steroid changes trigger growth at different ages in boys and girls Correct answer.
  3. Girls stop growing because of earlier schooling
  4. Boys grow only after girls have finished growing

Explanation

The pubertal growth spurt is driven by rising gonadal steroids, with oestrogen and testosterone rising at different ages and in different patterns in girls and boys. This hormonal timing explains the roughly two-year difference in peak height velocity. Genetic height potential is separate from the timing of the spurt.

Question 21Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A researcher finds that a group of children born in a region with chronic undernutrition are shorter than reference children but show normal proportions. Which interpretation is most appropriate?

  1. A genetic impossibility requiring no further thought
  2. Wasting from acute recent food deprivation
  3. Stunting from chronic undernutrition, reflecting cumulative growth faltering Correct answer.
  4. Normal variation that cannot be influenced by environment

Explanation

Stunting is low height-for-age resulting from chronic undernutrition and repeated infection, and it reflects cumulative growth faltering. Wasting, by contrast, is low weight-for-height and indicates acute deprivation. Environmental conditions such as nutrition and infection strongly influence growth.

Question 22Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Which of the following best describes the relationship between early attachment security and later peer relationships?

  1. Attachment in infancy has no bearing on later social behaviour
  2. Secure attachment is associated with more competent peer interaction, though the link is probabilistic Correct answer.
  3. Secure attachment guarantees popularity in adolescence
  4. Insecure attachment always produces peer rejection

Explanation

Secure attachment provides an internal working model of relationships that supports social confidence and empathy, and it is statistically associated with better peer competence. The relationship is probabilistic and mediated by many factors, not deterministic. Insecure attachment raises risk but does not guarantee rejection.

Question 23Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

A 12-year-old shows rapid gains in hypothetical and abstract reasoning, can consider possibilities not yet experienced, and argues about justice in hypothetical situations. Which Piagetian stage is this?

  1. Preoperational
  2. Concrete operational
  3. Sensorimotor
  4. Formal operational Correct answer.

Explanation

Formal operational thought, emerging around 11–12 years, enables hypothetical-deductive reasoning, abstract concepts and consideration of possibilities beyond direct experience. Concrete operational children reason logically but mainly about tangible objects. Preoperational and sensorimotor stages occur much earlier.

Question 24Growth and Development in Childhood and Adolescence

In a growth study, a child's height is at the 25th percentile and weight at the 90th percentile. Which interpretation is most appropriate?

  1. The discrepancy between weight and height percentiles suggests the child should be assessed for overweight relative to height Correct answer.
  2. The child is definitely stunted and underweight
  3. The percentiles indicate the child's cognitive ability
  4. The child is of average weight and height for age

Explanation

Weight and height percentiles are interpreted together, and a much higher weight percentile than height percentile prompts assessment of weight status relative to height, such as BMI-for-age. A single percentile does not define stunting or underweight. Growth charts assess physical growth only, not cognition.

Question 25Family and Community Resources Management

In family resource management, which term describes the process of deciding in advance how available money, time and energy will be used to reach family goals?

  1. Planning Correct answer.
  2. Standardizing
  3. Evaluating
  4. Controlling

Explanation

Planning is the forward-looking management function in which a family decides what goals to pursue and how scarce resources such as money, time and energy will be allocated before action begins. It precedes the other management steps and gives direction to them.

Question 26Family and Community Resources Management

A family lists all the tasks to be done at home during a week, then arranges them in order of priority. Which step of the management process does this ordering represent?

  1. Implementing
  2. Controlling
  3. Planning Correct answer.
  4. Evaluating

Explanation

Listing tasks and ranking them by priority is part of planning, because the family is deciding in advance what will be done and in what order before any action is taken. Priority setting is a core planning activity that guides later use of time and energy.

Question 27Family and Community Resources Management

What is the key distinction between a family 'want' and a family 'need'?

  1. Needs are essential for survival and well-being, while wants improve comfort Correct answer.
  2. Wants are shared by all members, needs are individual
  3. Needs can be postponed but wants cannot
  4. Needs are always more expensive than wants

Explanation

Needs are those requirements whose absence harms health, safety or basic functioning, such as food, shelter and clothing. Wants add comfort or satisfaction but are not essential, so they can be deferred when resources are limited.

Question 28Family and Community Resources Management

Which of the following is the best example of a non-human, non-material family resource?

  1. Monthly salary
  2. Family members' time and energy Correct answer.
  3. A refrigerator
  4. A savings account

Explanation

Human resources are the qualities and capacities of people, including time, energy, knowledge and skills. Time and energy belong to family members themselves and are therefore human resources, unlike money or goods.

Question 29Family and Community Resources Management

A family has a fixed monthly income and must decide how much to save before planning spending on food and clothing. Which management principle does this reflect?

  1. Pay yourself first by setting aside savings before spending Correct answer.
  2. Borrow to meet regular household expenses
  3. Spend first and save whatever remains
  4. Ignore savings until income rises

Explanation

Treating savings as a planned commitment that is set aside before discretionary spending protects the family's financial security. This 'pay yourself first' approach ensures savings are not eroded by routine expenditure.

Question 30Family and Community Resources Management

Which practice best demonstrates the management principle of 'simplification' in household work?

  1. Doing every task separately for each family member
  2. Combining related tasks and eliminating unnecessary steps Correct answer.
  3. Hiring extra help for routine chores
  4. Postponing all housework to the weekend

Explanation

Simplification means removing unnecessary steps and combining related activities so that the same result is achieved with less time and energy. It is a work-simplification technique aimed at reducing drudgery, not at adding labour.

Question 31Family and Community Resources Management

In time management, the term 'peak load' refers to which situation?

  1. A period of maximum rest and leisure
  2. The most expensive appliance in the home
  3. A period when many tasks must be completed within a short time Correct answer.
  4. The total money spent on household chores

Explanation

Peak load occurs when several demands converge on the same short period, creating pressure on time and energy. Good management smooths peak loads by rescheduling or redistributing tasks across the week.

Question 32Family and Community Resources Management

A family decides to buy a washing machine to reduce the time spent on laundry. Which type of resource is being substituted for another?

  1. Skill replaced by money
  2. Material resource replacing human time and energy Correct answer.
  3. Money replaced by leisure
  4. Human energy replaced by human time

Explanation

Purchasing a durable appliance uses a material resource, the machine, to replace the human time and energy previously spent washing by hand. Resource substitution is a recognised strategy for easing demands on scarce human resources.

Question 33Family and Community Resources Management

Which of the following best describes 'opportunity cost' in family resource decisions?

  1. The value of the next best alternative given up when a choice is made Correct answer.
  2. The cost of borrowing money from a bank
  3. The money saved by buying goods on sale
  4. The total cost of all goods purchased in a month

Explanation

Opportunity cost is the benefit of the best alternative forgone when resources are committed to one option. Because family resources are limited, choosing one use always means giving up another.

Question 34Family and Community Resources Management

A family uses a written record of income and expenditure each month. What is the main purpose of keeping this household account?

  1. To replace the need for a budget
  2. To compare planned and actual spending and control finances Correct answer.
  3. To avoid paying taxes
  4. To increase income automatically

Explanation

Recording income and expenditure provides feedback that lets a family compare actual spending with its plan and take corrective action. It is a controlling tool that supports budgeting rather than replacing it.

Question 35Family and Community Resources Management

Which of the following is an example of a fixed family expenditure?

  1. House rent paid monthly Correct answer.
  2. Spending on a holiday trip
  3. Cost of a festival gift
  4. Repair bill for a burst pipe

Explanation

Fixed expenditures recur regularly in a predictable amount, such as monthly rent, and are difficult to reduce in the short term. Variable and occasional expenses, by contrast, change with circumstances.

Question 36Family and Community Resources Management

A family of five with a modest income plans meals using seasonal, locally available foods and cooks once for two meals. Which combination of management principles does this illustrate?

  1. Cost control and work simplification Correct answer.
  2. Standardization and conspicuous consumption
  3. Hoarding and speculation
  4. Credit expansion and impulse buying

Explanation

Buying seasonal local food controls cost, while cooking once for two meals reduces repeated effort, illustrating cost control together with work simplification. Both are practical resource-conservation strategies for a large family on a modest income.

Question 37Family and Community Resources Management

Which statement correctly distinguishes 'standard of living' from 'quality of life'?

  1. Standard of living concerns emotions, while quality of life concerns goods
  2. Standard of living refers to level of goods and services consumed, while quality of life includes satisfaction and well-being Correct answer.
  3. Quality of life is measured only by income, while standard of living is not
  4. Standard of living and quality of life are identical concepts

Explanation

Standard of living is an economic measure of the quantity and quality of goods and services a family consumes. Quality of life is broader and includes satisfaction, health, relationships and subjective well-being, which money alone cannot capture.

Question 38Family and Community Resources Management

A family buys a refrigerator on an instalment plan paying a high rate of interest over two years. Which analysis of this decision is most appropriate?

  1. It is always wise because the family gets the appliance immediately
  2. It reduces the total cost of the appliance
  3. It has no effect on the family's future budget
  4. It adds to the total cost through interest, so the family should weigh the benefit against the extra outlay Correct answer.

Explanation

Instalment buying spreads payment but adds interest, raising the total cost above the cash price. Sound management requires comparing the convenience gained with the extra financial burden and the future claim on income.

Question 39Family and Community Resources Management

Which of these is the most effective way for a family to build an emergency fund?

  1. Investing all savings in a single high-risk share
  2. Setting aside a small fixed amount regularly in an accessible account Correct answer.
  3. Spending surplus income as soon as it is received
  4. Borrowing money whenever an emergency occurs

Explanation

Regular, small, consistent deposits into an accessible account build a cushion that can meet unexpected expenses without borrowing. Accessibility and steady accumulation matter more than chasing high returns for emergency money.

Question 40Family and Community Resources Management

In the context of family resource management, what does 'delegation' of tasks involve?

  1. Hiring paid help for every task
  2. Ignoring tasks that are difficult
  3. Assigning responsibility for a task to another capable family member Correct answer.
  4. Doing all work personally to ensure quality

Explanation

Delegation means entrusting a task and the authority to complete it to another person who has the ability to do it. It shares the workload and develops the capabilities of family members.

Question 41Family and Community Resources Management

A family with two working parents and school-going children prepares a weekly schedule of chores, study and leisure. Which benefit is most directly expected from this practice?

  1. Elimination of all household conflict
  2. Complete removal of the need for budgeting
  3. Guaranteed increase in family income
  4. Better coordination of time and fairer sharing of work Correct answer.

Explanation

A shared weekly schedule coordinates the time of members and distributes chores more fairly, reducing clashes between competing demands. It supports time management and role sharing but cannot guarantee income gains or the absence of conflict.

Question 42Family and Community Resources Management

Which of the following correctly describes a 'budget' in household financial management?

  1. A list of items a family would like to own
  2. A record of past expenditure only
  3. A bank statement issued by the bank
  4. A plan of expected income and proposed expenditure for a future period Correct answer.

Explanation

A budget is a forward-looking plan that estimates income and allocates proposed spending over a defined period. It guides decisions in advance, whereas records and statements describe what has already happened.

Question 43Family and Community Resources Management

A family's income is irregular because the main earner is a daily-wage worker. Which budgeting approach is most suitable?

  1. Spending based entirely on credit during lean months
  2. A rigid annual budget with equal monthly allocations
  3. No budget at all because income varies
  4. A flexible budget with priority for essential needs and a reserve for lean periods Correct answer.

Explanation

When income fluctuates, a flexible budget that protects essentials and builds a reserve during good periods smooths consumption across lean months. A rigid equal-month plan cannot match irregular inflows.

Question 44Family and Community Resources Management

What is meant by 'consumer education' in the context of family resource management?

  1. Restricting families to buying only essential goods
  2. Training shopkeepers to increase sales
  3. Teaching families to buy the most expensive products
  4. Equipping individuals with knowledge and skills to make informed purchase decisions and protect their rights Correct answer.

Explanation

Consumer education develops the knowledge and skills people need to choose goods and services wisely, understand their rights and responsibilities, and seek redress. It empowers buyers rather than restricting them.

Question 45Family and Community Resources Management

A family wishes to reduce its electricity bill without lowering comfort greatly. Which combination of measures is most effective?

  1. Increasing the number of electrical appliances in use
  2. Keeping all appliances on standby continuously
  3. Switching to energy-efficient lighting and appliances and using them only when needed Correct answer.
  4. Using incandescent bulbs throughout the house and running appliances at peak hours

Explanation

Energy-efficient lighting and appliances consume less power for the same service, and using them only when required avoids waste. Together these measures cut electricity use while preserving reasonable comfort.

Question 46Family and Community Resources Management

Which statement best explains why family resource management emphasises 'goals' before 'resources'?

  1. Goals are irrelevant once income is fixed
  2. Resources are unlimited, so goals do not matter
  3. Goals determine which resources are needed and how they should be allocated Correct answer.
  4. Resources automatically create goals for the family

Explanation

Goals define what the family is trying to achieve and therefore indicate which resources are required and in what quantity. Without clear goals, allocation of scarce resources lacks direction and purpose.

Question 47Family and Community Resources Management

A family decides to involve all members, including children, in setting household rules for sharing chores. Which management value does this decision primarily promote?

  1. Competition among members
  2. Autocratic control
  3. Secrecy in decision making
  4. Democratic participation and shared responsibility Correct answer.

Explanation

Involving all members in decisions about shared work reflects democratic participation, which builds commitment and a sense of shared responsibility. It contrasts with decisions imposed by a single authority.

Question 48Family and Community Resources Management

Which of the following best illustrates the management principle of 'flexibility' in family planning?

  1. Modifying the plan when unexpected events occur while keeping the main goals in view Correct answer.
  2. Following a plan rigidly even when circumstances change
  3. Making a new plan every day without reference to goals
  4. Abandoning all planning when one task fails

Explanation

Flexibility means adjusting the means of achieving goals when circumstances change, without discarding the goals themselves. It allows a family to respond to emergencies and still stay on course.

Question 49Food Science, Nutrition and Health

Which nutrient is the primary structural material used by the body for building and repairing tissues such as muscle and skin?

  1. Protein Correct answer.
  2. Calcium
  3. Dietary fibre
  4. Vitamin C

Explanation

Protein supplies amino acids that the body assembles into structural and functional tissues, including muscle, skin and collagen matrix. Vitamins and minerals are regulators and cofactors rather than bulk building material, and fibre is largely indigestible.

Question 50Food Science, Nutrition and Health

Which vitamin deficiency classically produces night blindness and xerophthalmia?

  1. Vitamin K
  2. Thiamine
  3. Vitamin D
  4. Vitamin A Correct answer.

Explanation

Vitamin A is required to form rhodopsin in the retina, so deficiency impairs dim-light vision and later damages the cornea and conjunctiva. This progression from night blindness to xerophthalmia is a well-established clinical picture.