Employability Skills and Entrepreneurship
Employability Skills and Entrepreneurship
This domain tests workplace communication, teamwork, customer handling, ethics and the business side of a workshop. Expect résumé and interview basics, 5S, Kaizen, job cards, estimates, invoices, costing, break-even and record keeping.
Core rules and concepts
- Communication means listening, confirming understanding and explaining work without unnecessary jargon.
- Workplace ethics include punctuality, honesty, safety, respect and confidentiality. Teamwork requires clear handover of unfinished work.
- 5S means sort, set in order, shine, standardise and sustain. Kaizen means continuous improvement through small changes.
- A job card records customer details, complaint, vehicle data, authorised work, parts, labour and signature.
- An estimate is a quotation; an invoice is a demand for payment. Keep records for tax, warranty and repeat business.
- Costing separates fixed costs such as rent from variable costs such as parts and consumables.
- Break-even quantity = fixed cost ÷ contribution per job, where contribution = price − variable cost.
Worked example
Monthly fixed cost is ₹40,000, variable cost is ₹500 per job and price is ₹1,500. Contribution = ₹1,000. Break-even = 40,000 ÷ 1,000 = 40 jobs. At 60 jobs, profit = 60 × 1,000 − 40,000 = ₹20,000. If price falls to ₹1,200, contribution is ₹700 and break-even rises to about 57.1, so 58 jobs.
Traps that cost marks
Starting work without written authorisation; underpricing; ignoring rent, tax and consumables; promising delivery before parts arrive; and taking unsafe shortcuts to save time.
Key points
- Confirm customer complaint and authorisation in writing.
- 5S and Kaizen improve safety and efficiency.
- Contribution = price − variable cost.
- Break-even = fixed cost ÷ contribution per job.
- Keep records for tax, warranty and repeat business.