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Kerala PSC Plus Two Level study materials
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Kerala PSC Plus Two Level practice questions

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Question 1General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The Kuttanad region of Kerala is best known for which distinctive agricultural practice?

  1. Dry-land millet farming using contour bunds
  2. Farming on land reclaimed from backwaters and below sea level Correct answer.
  3. Terraced wet rice cultivation on steep hill slopes
  4. Cultivation of cardamom under natural forest shade

Explanation

Kuttanad, spread over Alappuzha, Kottayam and Pathanamthitta districts, is famous for paddy fields created by reclaiming backwater beds; many of these fields lie below mean sea level and are protected by bunds. This makes it one of the few places in the world where farming is carried out below sea level.

Question 2General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which Kerala city is the headquarters of the Southern Naval Command of the Indian Navy?

  1. Kochi Correct answer.
  2. Kozhikode
  3. Kollam
  4. Kannur

Explanation

The Southern Naval Command, the Indian Navy's training command, is headquartered at Kochi and operates from the naval base INS Venduruthy. Kochi's harbour and shipyard facilities make it the principal naval centre on the Kerala coast.

Question 3General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The Silent Valley National Park, known for its tropical evergreen rainforest, lies in which district of Kerala?

  1. Idukki
  2. Wayanad
  3. Palakkad Correct answer.
  4. Thrissur

Explanation

Silent Valley National Park is located in the Nilgiri hills within Palakkad district and forms part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. It is celebrated for the lion-tailed macaque and for a successful public campaign against a proposed hydroelectric project.

Question 4General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which dance form, recognised as a classical art of Kerala, is traditionally performed by women in a slow, graceful style with elaborate headgear and eye movements?

  1. Kathakali
  2. Theyyam
  3. Chavittu Nadakam
  4. Mohiniyattam Correct answer.

Explanation

Mohiniyattam is the classical dance form of Kerala performed mainly by women, marked by gentle, swaying movements, subtle facial expression and the distinctive white-and-gold costume. It is counted among India's recognised classical dance traditions.

Question 5General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which river is the longest river flowing entirely within Kerala?

  1. Periyar
  2. Chalakudy
  3. Bharathappuzha Correct answer.
  4. Pamba

Explanation

The Bharathappuzha, also called the Nila, is generally regarded as the longest river wholly within Kerala, rising in the Anaimalai hills and flowing through Palakkad and Malappuram. The Periyar is longer overall but is often described in relation to its course and discharge rather than as the longest river entirely within the state.

Question 6General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the formation of new states and alteration of boundaries of existing states?

  1. Article 2
  2. Article 4
  3. Article 3 Correct answer.
  4. Article 1

Explanation

Article 3 empowers Parliament to form new states, alter boundaries, and change the names of existing states, subject to the procedure of consulting the affected state legislature. Article 4 clarifies that such laws are not treated as constitutional amendments under Article 368.

Question 7General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Pattanam excavations', often in the news for evidence of ancient Indo-Roman trade, are located in which district?

  1. Alappuzha
  2. Ernakulam Correct answer.
  3. Kannur
  4. Kasaragod

Explanation

Pattanam, near North Paravur in Ernakulam district, has yielded artefacts such as Roman amphora sherds, coins and pottery that support the identification of the site with the ancient port of Muziris. The finds are central to Kerala's early maritime trade history.

Question 8General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which space agency's Aditya-L1 mission was placed in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L1?

  1. ESA
  2. ISRO Correct answer.
  3. NASA
  4. JAXA

Explanation

Aditya-L1 is the Indian Space Research Organisation's solar observatory mission, launched in 2023 and inserted into a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 point in early 2024. The L1 vantage point allows continuous observation of the Sun without occultation by the Earth.

Question 9General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which organisation publishes the 'World Economic Outlook' report that regularly assesses global growth projections?

  1. World Bank
  2. World Trade Organization
  3. International Monetary Fund Correct answer.
  4. United Nations Development Programme

Explanation

The International Monetary Fund publishes the World Economic Outlook, which presents analysis and projections of global economic growth and inflation. It is released periodically, typically in April and October, and is widely cited in current-affairs coverage.

Question 10General Knowledge and Current Affairs

In the context of Indian polity, what does the term 'money bill' mean under Article 110?

  1. A bill dealing only with taxation, borrowing and the Consolidated Fund of India Correct answer.
  2. A bill that requires a special majority in both Houses
  3. Any bill introduced in the Lok Sabha by a private member
  4. A bill relating exclusively to the amendment of the Constitution

Explanation

Article 110 defines a money bill as one dealing with matters such as imposition of taxes, borrowing of money by the Government of India, and appropriation from the Consolidated Fund of India. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha certifies whether a bill is a money bill.

Question 11General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which Kerala literary figure won the Jnanpith Award for the novel 'Kayar'?

  1. Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri
  2. M. T. Vasudevan Nair
  3. Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai Correct answer.
  4. S. K. Pottekkatt

Explanation

Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai received the Jnanpith Award in 1984 for his sprawling novel 'Kayar', which depicts several generations of Kerala rural life. He is also known for works such as 'Chemmeen'.

Question 12General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Bhoomika' scheme, often discussed in Kerala's higher education context, is associated with which objective?

  1. Distributing free laptops to college teachers
  2. Improving the academic performance of backward communities in higher education Correct answer.
  3. Funding overseas research fellowships for university faculty
  4. Providing free bicycles to school students

Explanation

Bhoomika is a Kerala government initiative aimed at improving the higher-education participation and academic performance of students from backward communities. It provides academic support and mentoring rather than material handouts.

Question 13General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which of these is a Kharif crop in India, sown with the onset of the southwest monsoon?

  1. Barley
  2. Paddy Correct answer.
  3. Wheat
  4. Mustard

Explanation

Kharif crops are sown at the beginning of the monsoon and harvested in autumn; paddy is the classic example, along with maize, jowar and cotton. Wheat, mustard and barley are rabi crops grown in the winter season.

Question 14General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Vizhinjam International Seaport' is being developed in which district of Kerala?

  1. Ernakulam
  2. Malappuram
  3. Thiruvananthapuram Correct answer.
  4. Kollam

Explanation

Vizhinjam International Seaport is located near Kovalam in Thiruvananthapuram district and is designed as a deep-water transshipment port. Its natural draft allows it to handle very large container vessels.

Question 15General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which institution releases the 'Global Hunger Index', a tool that tracks hunger at global, regional and country levels?

  1. FAO
  2. UNICEF
  3. Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe Correct answer.
  4. World Health Organization

Explanation

The Global Hunger Index is published jointly by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, drawing on data from various UN agencies. It combines indicators such as undernourishment and child mortality into a single score.

Question 16General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Kudumbashree' programme of Kerala is primarily aimed at which of the following?

  1. Training youth for overseas employment
  2. Rehabilitating street vendors in urban areas
  3. Empowering women through neighbourhood groups and micro-enterprise Correct answer.
  4. Providing crop insurance to farmers

Explanation

Kudumbashree is Kerala's flagship poverty-eradication and women's empowerment mission, organised through Neighbourhood Groups of women and community-based micro-enterprises. It is widely cited as a model for participatory local development.

Question 17General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the layers of the atmosphere from the Earth's surface upward?

  1. Mesosphere, troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere
  2. Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere Correct answer.
  3. Troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere
  4. Stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

Explanation

The atmosphere is layered by temperature behaviour: the troposphere lies closest to the surface, followed by the stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. Weather phenomena occur mainly in the troposphere, while the ozone layer sits in the stratosphere.

Question 18General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Muziris Heritage Project' is primarily intended to conserve and promote heritage associated with which theme?

  1. Backwater fishing techniques of Kuttanad
  2. Colonial-era tea plantations in the high ranges
  3. Rock-cut temples of the Pallava period
  4. Ancient port trade and cultural links of the Malabar coast Correct answer.

Explanation

The Muziris Heritage Project is a conservation and tourism initiative centred on the ancient port of Muziris and the region's long history of Indo-Roman and other maritime trade. It links archaeological sites, museums and heritage buildings across Ernakulam and Thrissur districts.

Question 19General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which of the following is the fundamental duty inserted into the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976?

  1. To vote in every election
  2. To pay taxes promptly
  3. To protect and improve the natural environment Correct answer.
  4. To join the armed forces when required

Explanation

The 42nd Amendment inserted Part IVA, listing fundamental duties under Article 51A. One of these duties is to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife.

Question 20General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Nila' river, celebrated in Malayalam literature and linked to the Bharathappuzha, flows through which major town in Palakkad district?

  1. Thalassery
  2. Thrithala Correct answer.
  3. Kumily
  4. Varkala

Explanation

The Bharathappuzha is popularly known as the Nila, and Thrithala in Palakkad district lies on its banks and is associated with ancient heritage sites. The river is culturally important and is often invoked in Malayalam poetry.

Question 21General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which of the following Indian institutions is responsible for the design and development of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)?

  1. BARC
  2. DRDO
  3. HAL
  4. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre Correct answer.

Explanation

The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre at Thiruvananthapuram is ISRO's lead centre for launch-vehicle development, including the PSLV. DRDO, BARC and HAL have distinct mandates in defence, atomic energy and aerospace manufacturing.

Question 22General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Kerala Fibre Optic Network' (K-FON) project is designed primarily to provide which service?

  1. Free electricity to households
  2. Subsidised LPG connections
  3. Free bus travel for students
  4. High-speed internet connectivity as a public utility Correct answer.

Explanation

K-FON is a Kerala government project to build a high-speed optical fibre network and deliver internet connectivity as a public utility, particularly to underserved areas. It is intended to support e-governance, education and digital inclusion.

Question 23General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which of the following statements about the Indian Constitution's Directive Principles of State Policy is accurate?

  1. They are non-justiciable guidelines for state policy Correct answer.
  2. They are enforceable in courts like fundamental rights
  3. They were added by the 44th Amendment
  4. They apply only to the Union government

Explanation

Part IV of the Constitution contains the Directive Principles, which guide state policy but are expressly not enforceable in any court. They were part of the original Constitution and apply to both the Union and the states.

Question 24General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which Kerala district has the highest population density according to the Census of India 2011?

  1. Thiruvananthapuram
  2. Alappuzha
  3. Ernakulam Correct answer.
  4. Kozhikode

Explanation

According to the 2011 Census, Ernakulam district recorded the highest population density in Kerala, reflecting dense urban settlement around Kochi. Kerala as a whole is one of India's most densely populated states.

Question 25General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Sahridaya' reading-room movement in Kerala is historically associated with which objective?

  1. Organising sports tournaments in schools
  2. Running mobile medical camps in tribal areas
  3. Spreading libraries and reading culture among the public Correct answer.
  4. Promoting cooperative banks in villages

Explanation

The Sahridaya movement, linked to the spread of libraries and reading rooms in Kerala, aimed at building a public reading culture and access to books. Kerala's high literacy is often attributed in part to such library and reading-room networks.

Question 26General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi', which confers annual awards for performing arts in Kerala, was established in which year?

  1. 1956
  2. 1970
  3. 1961 Correct answer.
  4. 1978

Explanation

The Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi was founded in 1961 at Thrissur to promote music, dance and drama in the state. It functions under Kerala's cultural affairs department and gives fellowships and awards each year. Candidates often confuse it with the Kerala Sahitya Akademi, founded in 1956.

Question 27General Knowledge and Current Affairs

In India, the 'repo rate' announced by the Monetary Policy Committee of the Reserve Bank of India refers to which rate?

  1. The interest paid by the central government on its treasury bills
  2. The rate at which the RBI absorbs surplus liquidity from banks
  3. The rate at which banks lend to their best customers
  4. The rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities Correct answer.

Explanation

The repo rate is the policy rate at which the RBI provides short-term liquidity to banks against the collateral of government and other approved securities under the liquidity adjustment facility. Changes in it transmit to lending and deposit rates across the economy. The rate at which the RBI absorbs liquidity is the reverse repo rate, a distinct instrument.

Question 28General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Green Revolution' in India, associated with the introduction of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, is most closely linked to which scientist's work adopted in the 1960s?

  1. M. S. Swaminathan
  2. Homi J. Bhabha
  3. Verghese Kurien
  4. Norman Borlaug Correct answer.

Explanation

Norman Borlaug developed the semi-dwarf high-yielding wheat varieties whose introduction underpinned the Green Revolution, and he later received the Nobel Peace Prize for it. M. S. Swaminathan is celebrated as the leader of the Green Revolution in India, but the question asks whose varieties and work were adopted. Kurien led the White Revolution and Bhabha was a nuclear physicist.

Question 29General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which of the following is the correct order of the planets of the solar system from the Sun outward?

  1. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Correct answer.
  2. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus
  3. Venus, Mercury, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn, Neptune
  4. Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus

Explanation

The eight planets in order of increasing distance from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006 and is not part of this sequence. Remembering the terrestrial planets first and then the gas and ice giants helps avoid swaps such as Jupiter and Saturn.

Question 30General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Kaveri' river water dispute primarily involves which set of Indian states?

  1. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana
  2. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry Correct answer.
  3. Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Puducherry
  4. Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

Explanation

The Kaveri rises in Karnataka and flows through Tamil Nadu, with Kerala and Puducherry also being parties to the dispute over its waters. The Kaveri Water Disputes Tribunal was constituted in 1990 and has given successive awards. Maharashtra and Odisha lie outside the Kaveri basin.

Question 31General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which body in India is constitutionally entrusted with conducting elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, the office of President and the office of Vice-President?

  1. The Union Public Service Commission
  2. The Comptroller and Auditor General
  3. The Election Commission of India Correct answer.
  4. NITI Aayog

Explanation

Article 324 of the Constitution vests the superintendence, direction and control of elections to Parliament, state legislatures and the offices of President and Vice-President in the Election Commission of India. It is a constitutional body headed by the Chief Election Commissioner. The UPSC handles recruitment, the CAG audits accounts and NITI Aayog is a policy think tank.

Question 32General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Periyar Tiger Reserve', known for its elephant population and the Mangaladevi temple inside it, is located in which district of Kerala?

  1. Palakkad
  2. Wayanad
  3. Idukki Correct answer.
  4. Kasaragod

Explanation

Periyar Tiger Reserve lies in the Idukki district around the Periyar lake formed by the Mullaperiyar dam. It was among the first reserves brought under Project Tiger in 1973-74. Wayanad hosts the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, while Silent Valley lies in Palakkad district.

Question 33General Knowledge and Current Affairs

In the Indian Constitution, which schedule deals with the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram?

  1. Seventh Schedule
  2. Ninth Schedule
  3. Sixth Schedule Correct answer.
  4. Fifth Schedule

Explanation

The Sixth Schedule provides for autonomous district and regional councils to administer tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. The Fifth Schedule covers scheduled areas and scheduled tribes in states other than these four. The Seventh Schedule lists the Union, State and Concurrent Lists, and the Ninth Schedule protects certain laws from judicial review.

Question 34General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Ramsar Convention', to which India is a party, is an international treaty concerned with which subject?

  1. Conservation and wise use of wetlands Correct answer.
  2. Conservation of migratory species of wild animals
  3. Regulation of transboundary movement of hazardous waste
  4. Protection of the ozone layer

Explanation

The Ramsar Convention, signed at Ramsar in Iran in 1971, is an intergovernmental treaty for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. India has designated numerous wetlands, including Vembanad-Kol and Ashtamudi in Kerala, as Ramsar sites. Hazardous waste is covered by the Basel Convention and ozone protection by the Montreal Protocol.

Question 35General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a Kerala art form with its characteristic feature?

  1. Kathakali - facial make-up with elaborate colour codes and codified hand gestures Correct answer.
  2. Chakyarkoothu - a form of puppetry using stringed marionettes
  3. Mohiniyattam - vigorous martial movements with weapons
  4. Theyyam - a classical dance performed only by women in temples

Explanation

Kathakali is a classical dance-drama of Kerala in which the character's nature is conveyed through elaborate colour-coded make-up (chutti, pacha, kathi and so on) and a codified vocabulary of hand gestures. Mohiniyattam is a graceful lasya-dominant form traditionally performed by women, while Theyyam is a ritual performance of northern Kerala. Chakyarkoothu is a solo satirical storytelling form, not puppetry.

Question 36General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Preamble' of the Indian Constitution declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and secures for its citizens which set of objectives?

  1. Equality, fraternity, justice and liberty
  2. Fraternity, justice, liberty and equality
  3. Justice, liberty, equality and fraternity Correct answer.
  4. Liberty, equality, fraternity and justice

Explanation

The Preamble secures to all citizens justice (social, economic and political), liberty (of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship), equality (of status and opportunity) and fraternity (assuring dignity and national unity). The sequence matters in examinations because it mirrors the text of the Preamble. The words socialist and secular were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.

Question 37General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which of the following is the largest freshwater lake in Kerala, often called the 'Vembanad Kayal'?

  1. Paravur Lake
  2. Ashtamudi Lake
  3. Sasthamkotta Lake
  4. Vembanad Lake Correct answer.

Explanation

Vembanad is the largest lake in Kerala and the longest in India, spanning Kottayam, Alappuzha and Ernakulam districts, and it hosts the Nehru Trophy boat race at Punnamada. It is a Ramsar site and part of the Vembanad-Kol wetland system. Sasthamkotta is the largest freshwater lake in Kerala in the strict sense of a rain-fed freshwater body, but Vembanad is the largest lake overall and the question's naming convention points to it.

Question 38General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Pattiseema Lift Irrigation Project', which links two major rivers, is located in which state?

  1. Telangana
  2. Tamil Nadu
  3. Karnataka
  4. Andhra Pradesh Correct answer.

Explanation

The Pattiseema lift scheme in Andhra Pradesh lifts Godavari water to the Krishna delta, linking the Godavari and Krishna rivers. It was executed rapidly and is often cited in debates on interlinking of rivers. Telangana has the Kaleshwaram project on the Godavari but Pattiseema lies in Andhra Pradesh.

Question 39General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Which of the following best describes the role of the Finance Commission of India?

  1. It prepares the annual Union Budget for presentation in Parliament
  2. It audits the accounts of the Union and state governments
  3. It recommends the distribution of tax proceeds between the Union and the states and grants-in-aid Correct answer.
  4. It sets policy interest rates to control inflation

Explanation

Article 280 provides for a Finance Commission constituted every five years to recommend how net tax proceeds are shared between the Union and states, the principles governing grants-in-aid, and measures for augmenting local body finances. It is a constitutional advisory body, not an executive spending authority. The Budget is prepared by the Finance Ministry, monetary policy is set by the RBI's Monetary Policy Committee, and auditing is the CAG's function.

Question 40General Knowledge and Current Affairs

The 'Bharat Ratna', India's highest civilian award, was instituted in which year and is conferred for which purpose?

  1. 1950, for exceptional service towards the advancement of art, literature, science and public affairs
  2. 1947, for gallantry in the armed forces
  3. 1966, for outstanding contribution to sports
  4. 1954, for exceptional service towards the advancement of art, literature, science and public affairs Correct answer.

Explanation

The Bharat Ratna was instituted in 1954 and is awarded for exceptional service towards the advancement of art, literature and science, and in recognition of public services of the highest order. It is not a military decoration; gallantry awards such as the Param Vir Chakra serve that purpose. The award does not carry a cash grant and is not a title under Article 18.

Question 41Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

Which social reform movement in Kerala was founded by Sree Narayana Guru with the proclamation 'One Caste, One Religion, One God for Man'?

  1. Yogakshema Sabha
  2. SNDP Yogam Correct answer.
  3. Nair Service Society
  4. Araya Samajam

Explanation

Sree Narayana Guru founded the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Yogam in 1903 at Sivagiri to organise the Ezhava community and spread his message of social equality. The motto 'One Caste, One Religion, One God for Man' summarises his rejection of caste hierarchy. It became the largest backward-caste reform movement in Kerala.

Question 42Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

The Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924-25 was primarily a struggle for which right?

  1. Right to vote in the Sree Moolam Praja Sabha
  2. Right of avarnas to use the road near the Vaikom temple Correct answer.
  3. Right to enter temples of all castes
  4. Right to establish schools in Travancore

Explanation

The Vaikom Satyagraha demanded that avarnas (lower castes) be allowed to walk on the public roads around the Vaikom Mahadeva temple, which had been barred to them. It was led by T.K. Madhavan with support from K. Kelappan, Mannathu Padmanabhan and Periyar E.V. Ramasamy. The roads were opened in 1925, and temple entry came only with the 1936 Temple Entry Proclamation.

Question 43Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

Which Kerala ruler issued the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936?

  1. Ayilyam Thirunal
  2. Visakham Thirunal
  3. Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma Correct answer.
  4. Sree Moolam Thirunal

Explanation

Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma, the Maharaja of Travancore, issued the Temple Entry Proclamation on 12 November 1936. It opened Hindu temples in Travancore to all castes, a landmark in the Kerala renaissance. The move followed years of agitation including Vaikom and Guruvayur.

Question 44Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

Sree Narayana Guru installed a mirror at the Aruvippuram temple instead of a traditional idol. What did this act symbolise?

  1. Acceptance of Brahminical ritual authority
  2. Support for the British colonial administration
  3. Rejection of all forms of worship
  4. The idea that the divine is within oneself Correct answer.

Explanation

At Aruvippuram in 1888 Sree Narayana Guru consecrated a mirror rather than a metal or stone idol. The mirror directs the worshipper inward, conveying his teaching that the divine is present within every person. It was also a challenge to caste restrictions on who could consecrate a temple.

Question 45Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

The Guruvayur Satyagraha of 1931-32 was launched under the leadership of which reformer?

  1. Sree Narayana Guru
  2. T.K. Madhavan
  3. Vakkom Moulavi
  4. K. Kelappan Correct answer.

Explanation

K. Kelappan, known as Kerala Gandhi, led the Guruvayur Satyagraha demanding temple entry for avarnas. The agitation began in 1931 and continued into 1932, drawing national attention. It paved the way for the 1936 Temple Entry Proclamation.

Question 46Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

Which reformer is known as the father of the Malayalam language movement and authored 'Adukkala' and other works attacking caste customs?

  1. Kumaran Asan
  2. V.T. Bhattathiripad Correct answer.
  3. Pandit Karuppan
  4. Chattampi Swamikal

Explanation

V.T. Bhattathiripad was a Namboothiri reformer whose play 'Adukkala' (The Kitchen) attacked the oppressive customs of the Namboothiri household. He campaigned against practices such as untouchability and the ill-treatment of Namboothiri women. His work was central to the Yogakshema Sabha reform effort.

Question 47Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

Which organisation was founded in 1914 by Mannathu Padmanabhan to work for the Nair community?

  1. Nair Service Society Correct answer.
  2. SNDP Yogam
  3. Kerala Muslim Aikya Sangham
  4. Yogakshema Sabha

Explanation

Mannathu Padmanabhan founded the Nair Service Society (NSS) in 1914 at Perunna. It promoted education, social reform and the organisation of the Nair community. The NSS later ran schools and colleges across Kerala.

Question 48Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

Vakkom Moulavi is best remembered in the Kerala renaissance for which contribution?

  1. Drafting the Temple Entry Proclamation
  2. Founding the newspaper Swadeshabhimani and promoting Muslim education Correct answer.
  3. Establishing the first Sanskrit college in Travancore
  4. Leading the Vaikom Satyagraha

Explanation

Vakkom Abdul Khader Moulavi founded the newspaper Swadeshabhimani in 1905 and campaigned for modern education among Muslims. He opposed superstition and unorthodox practices within the community. His work laid the ground for the Muslim reform movement in Kerala.

Question 49Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

Which of these is a work by Chattampi Swamikal that critiques caste-based social practices?

  1. Jathikummi
  2. Adukkala
  3. Vedadhikara Niroopanam Correct answer.
  4. Chandalabhikshuki

Explanation

Chattampi Swamikal wrote 'Vedadhikara Niroopanam', which argued against the exclusion of lower castes from Vedic study. He was a scholar-saint who combined spiritual learning with social critique. His writings influenced later reform debates on caste and religion.

Question 50Kerala History, Culture and Renaissance (Kerala Punarjani)

The Malayali Memorial of 1891 was a petition submitted to which authority?

  1. The British Parliament
  2. The Viceroy of India
  3. The Maharaja of Travancore Correct answer.
  4. The Madras Governor

Explanation

The Malayali Memorial was submitted to the Maharaja of Travancore in 1891. It protested the dominance of non-Malayalis, particularly Tamil Brahmins, in the Travancore public services. The memorial was an early expression of organised political consciousness in Kerala.