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Maharashtra HSC NSQF Healthcare GDA study materials
Maharashtra HSC NSQF Healthcare GDA study resources

Maharashtra HSC NSQF Healthcare GDA practice questions

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Question 1Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

In a hospital ward, which task falls within the normal scope of work of a General Duty Assistant rather than a registered nurse?

  1. Deciding the dose of an antihypertensive medicine
  2. Assisting a stable patient with bed bathing and oral hygiene Correct answer.
  3. Administering an intravenous antibiotic prescribed by the doctor
  4. Interpreting an abnormal ECG rhythm strip

Explanation

The GDA provides basic personal care and comfort measures such as bathing, grooming, feeding assistance, and toileting for stable patients under supervision. Clinical decisions, medicine administration, and diagnostic interpretation remain with qualified nursing and medical staff.

Question 2Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

A GDA notices that a patient's call bell is out of reach. What is the most appropriate immediate action?

  1. Move the patient to a bed nearer the nursing station without informing anyone
  2. Note it in the register and check again at the end of the shift
  3. Ask the patient to shout for help when needed
  4. Place the call bell within the patient's reach and confirm they can use it Correct answer.

Explanation

Patient safety and dignity require that the call bell be immediately accessible so the patient can summon help without delay. The GDA should reposition it, confirm the patient can operate it, and report any faulty equipment. Delaying this creates a fall and emergency risk.

Question 3Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

Under the NSQF framework, what does the qualification level of a Healthcare General Duty Assistant mainly indicate?

  1. The complexity of competence and autonomy expected in the role Correct answer.
  2. The salary band fixed by the hospital
  3. The number of years the candidate has worked
  4. The size of the hospital where the candidate may work

Explanation

NSQF levels describe learning outcomes in terms of knowledge, skill, and the degree of responsibility and autonomy a learner can exercise. They are not pay scales or seniority markers. The level helps employers and training institutes compare qualifications consistently.

Question 4Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

Which practice best demonstrates respect for a patient's dignity while giving a bed bath?

  1. Exposing only the body part being washed and covering the rest Correct answer.
  2. Chatting with colleagues about unrelated ward matters
  3. Keeping the door open so staff can monitor the patient
  4. Completing the bath quickly without explaining the procedure

Explanation

Draping the patient and exposing only the area being cleaned preserves privacy and warmth, which are core elements of dignified care. Explaining the procedure beforehand and maintaining a respectful manner further support the patient's comfort and consent.

Question 5Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

Which action is an example of maintaining standard precautions while caring for a patient with a draining wound?

  1. Sharing a stethoscope between patients without cleaning it
  2. Wearing gloves and performing hand hygiene before and after contact Correct answer.
  3. Wearing gloves only when the patient complains
  4. Using a cloth towel to dry hands instead of following hand hygiene steps

Explanation

Standard precautions apply to all patients and require hand hygiene plus appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves for contact with body fluids. Gloves do not replace hand hygiene; both before and after contact are essential to break the chain of infection.

Question 6Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

A patient suddenly becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally. What should the GDA do first?

  1. Start chest compressions after checking for a pulse for two minutes
  2. Give the patient water to revive them
  3. Call for help and activate the emergency response while beginning basic life support Correct answer.
  4. Wait for the next scheduled nursing round

Explanation

In a collapsed, unresponsive patient, the priority is to summon emergency help immediately and begin basic life support following the accepted sequence of airway, breathing, and circulation support. Early help and early compressions improve survival. Water must never be given to an unresponsive person.

Question 7Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

Why is documenting the fluid intake and output of a patient important for the healthcare team?

  1. It helps calculate the hospital's electricity usage
  2. It provides objective data on hydration and kidney function for clinical decisions Correct answer.
  3. It is only needed when the patient asks for it
  4. It replaces the need for the nurse to assess the patient

Explanation

Intake and output records give measurable evidence of a patient's hydration status, urine production, and response to treatment. Nurses and doctors use these figures to detect dehydration, retention, or fluid overload and to adjust therapy. Accurate recording by the GDA supports that clinical decision-making.

Question 8Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

A GDA is asked by a patient's relative for details of the patient's diagnosis and test results. What is the appropriate response?

  1. Share the information because the relative is family
  2. Read out the case sheet to settle the matter
  3. Guess the diagnosis to satisfy the relative
  4. Explain that such details must come from the doctor or nurse and direct them accordingly Correct answer.

Explanation

Confidentiality and role boundaries mean clinical information is disclosed only by authorised staff, usually the treating doctor, and only to those the patient permits. The GDA should politely redirect the relative rather than reveal or speculate about medical details.

Question 9Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

Which body mechanics technique should a GDA use when moving a patient up in bed?

  1. Lift with the shoulders while keeping the legs straight
  2. Pull quickly with outstretched arms
  3. Keep feet apart, bend the knees, and use the leg muscles while keeping the back straight Correct answer.
  4. Bend at the waist and twist while pulling

Explanation

Safe patient handling uses the strong leg muscles, a wide base of support, and a straight back to reduce spinal loading. Twisting and bending at the waist increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury to both the worker and the patient.

Question 10Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

A patient with diabetes who is on insulin becomes sweaty, shaky, and confused. What should the GDA do?

  1. Give a glass of water and wait
  2. Assume the patient is simply anxious and continue the routine
  3. Recognise possible hypoglycaemia, stay with the patient, and inform the nurse immediately Correct answer.
  4. Give the next insulin dose early

Explanation

Sweating, tremor, and confusion in a patient on insulin suggest hypoglycaemia, which needs prompt assessment and treatment by the nurse. The GDA's role is to recognise the warning signs, stay with the patient for safety, and escalate without delay. Giving insulin in this situation would worsen the low blood sugar.

Question 11Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

Which set of vital signs is most consistent with a patient developing a fever?

  1. Temperature 39.1 degrees Celsius, pulse 104 per minute, respiration 22 per minute Correct answer.
  2. Temperature 36.5 degrees Celsius, pulse 70 per minute, respiration 14 per minute
  3. Temperature 35.2 degrees Celsius, pulse 58 per minute, respiration 12 per minute
  4. Temperature 37.0 degrees Celsius, pulse 60 per minute, respiration 16 per minute

Explanation

A raised temperature together with faster pulse and respiration is typical of a febrile response, since metabolic demand and heart rate rise with fever. The other sets lie within or below normal adult ranges. The GDA should record and report such findings promptly.

Question 12Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

A GDA working in a home-care setting is asked to clean a patient's surgical wound and change the dressing. What is the correct approach?

  1. Clean the wound with tap water and leave it open
  2. Clean and dress the wound independently as part of daily care
  3. Decline to perform a sterile procedure and ensure a qualified nurse or doctor does it Correct answer.
  4. Ask a family member to do it instead

Explanation

Wound cleaning and dressing changes, especially of surgical wounds, require aseptic technique and clinical judgement that lie beyond the GDA's defined competencies. The correct action is to recognise the boundary and arrange for a qualified professional to perform the procedure.

Question 13Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

A patient refuses a bed bath and says they feel too tired today. What is the most appropriate GDA response?

  1. Skip all care for the rest of the day without informing anyone
  2. Proceed anyway because hygiene is compulsory
  3. Report the patient as uncooperative
  4. Respect the refusal, offer a partial wash or a later time, and inform the nurse Correct answer.

Explanation

Patients have the right to refuse care, and the GDA should respect autonomy while offering acceptable alternatives such as a partial wash or rescheduling. The refusal and any alternative provided must be communicated to the nurse so care remains coordinated.

Question 14Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

During a shift handover, which information is most essential for the GDA to pass on about a patient?

  1. Personal opinions about the patient's family
  2. General ward gossip from the previous shift
  3. The GDA's own break schedule
  4. Changes observed in the patient's condition, care given, and pending tasks Correct answer.

Explanation

Handover must be factual and relevant, focusing on observed changes, care already provided, and tasks still outstanding so the next worker can act safely. Personal opinions and unrelated matters waste time and can introduce bias. Structured, concise communication reduces errors.

Question 15Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

A GDA observes a colleague not performing hand hygiene before touching a patient. What is the most professional action?

  1. Tell other patients about the colleague's behaviour
  2. Politely remind the colleague and report the lapse through the appropriate channel Correct answer.
  3. Publicly criticise the colleague in front of the patient
  4. Ignore it to avoid conflict with the colleague

Explanation

Infection control lapses endanger patients, so the professional response is a respectful immediate reminder followed by reporting through the proper channel for audit and improvement. This protects patients while maintaining teamwork and confidentiality. Public shaming or gossip is unprofessional and does not correct the risk.

Question 16Introduction to Healthcare and the Role of the General Duty Assistant

A GDA is asked to lift a heavy, immobile patient alone because the ward is short-staffed. What is the safest response?

  1. Request help or a mechanical hoist and explain the injury risk to both patient and worker Correct answer.
  2. Attempt the lift alone to save time
  3. Ask another patient to assist with the lift
  4. Drag the patient by the arms onto the trolley

Explanation

Manual lifting of a heavy, dependent patient without assistance or equipment risks injury to the worker and harm to the patient. The safe response is to seek help or use a hoist, which reflects both safe patient handling policy and the assistant's duty of care.

Question 17Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which type of blood cell carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues?

  1. Platelet
  2. Red blood cell Correct answer.
  3. White blood cell
  4. Plasma cell

Explanation

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, an iron-containing pigment that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in the tissues. White cells defend against infection, platelets help clotting, and plasma cells produce antibodies.

Question 18Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A GDA records a resting pulse of 78 beats per minute for an adult. Which structure is being felt at the wrist when this pulse is counted?

  1. Radial artery Correct answer.
  2. Cephalic vein
  3. Flexor tendon
  4. Median nerve

Explanation

The radial artery runs close to the surface on the thumb side of the wrist, so its pulsation can be palpated. Nerves and tendons are not pulsatile, and veins do not give a reliable arterial pulse.

Question 19Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which organ is the main site of absorption of digested nutrients in the human body?

  1. Large intestine
  2. Oesophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small intestine Correct answer.

Explanation

The small intestine has a very long length and finger-like villi that greatly increase surface area for absorbing nutrients. The stomach mainly churns and partially digests food, while the large intestine chiefly absorbs water and salts.

Question 20Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

The normal adult resting respiratory rate is most commonly recorded in which range?

  1. 12 to 20 breaths per minute Correct answer.
  2. 6 to 10 breaths per minute
  3. 40 to 50 breaths per minute
  4. 25 to 35 breaths per minute

Explanation

A healthy adult at rest usually breathes about 12 to 20 times a minute. Rates below this suggest depression of breathing, while much higher rates suggest fever, pain, or respiratory distress.

Question 21Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion?

  1. Peripheral motor nerves
  2. Somatic nervous system
  3. Cerebral cortex
  4. Autonomic nervous system Correct answer.

Explanation

The autonomic nervous system regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands without conscious control. The somatic system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement, and the cortex handles conscious activity.

Question 22Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A patient's temperature is recorded as 39.4 degrees Celsius. How should the GDA classify this reading?

  1. Mild hypothermia
  2. Subnormal temperature
  3. Normal temperature
  4. Fever Correct answer.

Explanation

Normal oral temperature is about 36.5 to 37.5 degrees Celsius, so 39.4 degrees indicates fever. Hypothermia refers to a temperature well below normal, not above it.

Question 23Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which structure prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing?

  1. Epiglottis Correct answer.
  2. Uvula
  3. Tongue
  4. Soft palate

Explanation

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that folds over the opening of the larynx during swallowing. This diverts the bolus into the oesophagus and protects the airway.

Question 24Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A patient with chronic kidney disease is advised to limit potassium-rich foods. Which food choice best follows this advice?

  1. Potato
  2. Spinach
  3. Banana
  4. Apple Correct answer.

Explanation

Bananas, potatoes, and spinach are all well known to be high in potassium, so they should be restricted in renal patients. Apples are comparatively low in potassium and are a safer choice.

Question 25Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

  1. Coronary artery
  2. Aorta
  3. Pulmonary artery Correct answer.
  4. Pulmonary vein

Explanation

The pulmonary artery is the exception to the usual rule and carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the heart, and the aorta supplies the body.

Question 26Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A patient reports burning pain in the upper abdomen that worsens when hungry and eases after eating. Which condition fits this pattern best?

  1. Migraine
  2. Appendicitis
  3. Renal colic
  4. Peptic ulcer disease Correct answer.

Explanation

Pain that is worse on an empty stomach and relieved by food is typical of peptic ulcer disease, especially duodenal ulcer. Appendicitis pain usually starts around the umbilicus and shifts to the right lower abdomen.

Question 27Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which hormone lowers blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells?

  1. Adrenaline
  2. Glucagon
  3. Insulin Correct answer.
  4. Cortisol

Explanation

Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas and lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake and storage. Glucagon, adrenaline, and cortisol all tend to raise blood glucose.

Question 28Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A diabetic patient becomes sweaty, shaky, and confused. The GDA should immediately suspect which problem?

  1. Hypoglycaemia Correct answer.
  2. Hypertension
  3. Dehydration
  4. Hyperglycaemia

Explanation

Sweating, tremor, and confusion are classic features of hypoglycaemia, a low blood glucose level that needs prompt sugar. Hyperglycaemia usually develops more slowly with thirst and frequent urination.

Question 29Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?

  1. Right atrium
  2. Right ventricle
  3. Left ventricle Correct answer.
  4. Left atrium

Explanation

The left ventricle has the thickest muscular wall and pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta for systemic circulation. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 30Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A patient with anaemia is most likely to show which set of findings?

  1. Pallor, fatigue, and breathlessness on exertion Correct answer.
  2. Fever, cough, and chest pain
  3. Jaundice, dark urine, and itching
  4. Swelling of the legs and weight gain

Explanation

Anaemia reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, producing pallor, tiredness, and breathlessness on exertion. The other options describe liver disease, respiratory infection, and fluid overload respectively.

Question 31Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which vitamin deficiency is classically associated with bleeding gums and delayed wound healing?

  1. Vitamin A
  2. Vitamin B12
  3. Vitamin D
  4. Vitamin C Correct answer.

Explanation

Vitamin C is needed for collagen synthesis, so its deficiency causes bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and scurvy. Vitamin D relates to bone health and vitamin B12 to nerve and red cell formation.

Question 32Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A patient's blood pressure reads 148/96 mmHg on two separate occasions. How should this be interpreted?

  1. An error, since the values are impossible
  2. Raised blood pressure requiring medical review Correct answer.
  3. Low blood pressure requiring fluids
  4. Normal blood pressure

Explanation

A reading consistently at or above 140/90 mmHg indicates hypertension and needs medical assessment. Normal adult blood pressure is generally below 120/80 mmHg.

Question 33Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which structure filters blood to form urine in the kidney?

  1. Glomerulus Correct answer.
  2. Bladder
  3. Renal pelvis
  4. Ureter

Explanation

The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries where blood is filtered under pressure into the renal tubule. The renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder only collect and transport urine.

Question 34Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

An elderly patient is found with facial droop, arm weakness, and slurred speech that began 40 minutes ago. What is the correct GDA action?

  1. Arrange immediate emergency transfer to hospital Correct answer.
  2. Give an aspirin and continue routine care
  3. Wait to see whether symptoms settle
  4. Give a hot drink and observe at home

Explanation

Sudden facial droop, arm weakness, and speech difficulty suggest stroke, which is a time-critical emergency. Immediate transfer allows assessment for clot-dissolving treatment within the therapeutic window.

Question 35Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which statement best explains why a fever helps in defence against infection?

  1. It destroys all bacteria directly on the skin surface
  2. It reduces blood flow to infected tissues
  3. It raises body temperature, which can slow pathogen growth and enhance immune activity Correct answer.
  4. It lowers the white blood cell count

Explanation

A moderate rise in core temperature can inhibit replication of some pathogens and enhance certain immune responses such as phagocytosis. Fever is a regulated response, not a simple failure of temperature control.

Question 36Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Which muscle type is found in the walls of the stomach and intestines?

  1. Striated voluntary muscle
  2. Skeletal muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
  4. Smooth muscle Correct answer.

Explanation

The walls of hollow organs such as the stomach and intestines contain smooth muscle, which works involuntarily. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and cardiac muscle is confined to the heart.

Question 37Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A patient with severe vomiting and diarrhoea shows sunken eyes, dry mucosa, and low urine output. Which complication is most likely?

  1. Dehydration with electrolyte loss Correct answer.
  2. Hypercalcaemia
  3. Iron overload
  4. Respiratory alkalosis

Explanation

Profuse vomiting and diarrhoea cause loss of water and electrolytes, producing sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes, and oliguria. Prompt oral or intravenous rehydration is the priority.

Question 38Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

Why is the left ventricular wall thicker than the right ventricular wall?

  1. It contains more valves than the right ventricle
  2. It stores more blood than the right ventricle
  3. It must generate higher pressure to pump blood through the systemic circulation Correct answer.
  4. It receives blood directly from the lungs

Explanation

The left ventricle pumps blood into the high-resistance systemic circulation, so it needs greater muscle mass. The right ventricle pumps to the low-pressure pulmonary circuit and therefore has a thinner wall.

Question 39Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A patient's blood report shows raised creatinine and urea with reduced urine output. Which body function is most directly impaired?

  1. Absorption of fats in the small intestine
  2. Glomerular filtration of waste products Correct answer.
  3. Production of red blood cells in bone marrow
  4. Exchange of gases in the alveoli

Explanation

Creatinine and urea are nitrogenous wastes normally cleared by glomerular filtration, so their rise indicates impaired kidney filtration. Reduced urine output supports this interpretation.

Question 40Basic Human Anatomy, Physiology and Common Health Conditions

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is given oxygen therapy. Why is controlled low-flow oxygen used rather than high-flow oxygen?

  1. High-flow oxygen increases carbon dioxide production in the lungs
  2. Their respiratory drive may depend on low oxygen levels, so high flow can depress breathing Correct answer.
  3. High-flow oxygen is always toxic to lung tissue
  4. Low-flow oxygen is cheaper and equally effective in all patients

Explanation

In some patients with chronic carbon dioxide retention, the stimulus to breathe depends partly on low blood oxygen. Giving uncontrolled high-flow oxygen can reduce this drive and worsen carbon dioxide retention.

Question 41Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

Under the BMW Rules, 2016, which colour-coded bin is used for discarded expired medicines and cytotoxic drug waste?

  1. Yellow bin Correct answer.
  2. White translucent puncture-proof container
  3. Red bin
  4. Blue bin

Explanation

The 2016 Biomedical Waste Management Rules place expired medicines, cytotoxic drugs and discarded anatomical waste in the yellow category, which is sent for incineration or deep burial. Yellow is the only category that covers pharmaceutical and cytotoxic waste for destruction.

Question 42Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

A GDA is about to enter a room to clean a patient's bedpan. Which sequence correctly describes the WHO five moments of hand hygiene applied to that task?

  1. Before bedpan, after bedpan, before mopping, after mopping, before handover
  2. Before touching the patient, before clean procedure, after body fluid exposure, after touching the patient, after touching surroundings Correct answer.
  3. Before gloves, after gloves, before waste handling, after waste handling, before documentation
  4. Before shift, after shift, before lunch, after lunch, before leaving ward

Explanation

The WHO five moments are before touching a patient, before a clean or aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, and after touching patient surroundings. Cleaning a bedpan involves body fluid exposure risk, so the relevant moments include moment three.

Question 43Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

Which of the following is the correct minimum duration for alcohol-based hand rub during routine hand hygiene when hands are not visibly soiled?

  1. 2 minutes
  2. 20 to 30 seconds Correct answer.
  3. 5 minutes
  4. 5 seconds

Explanation

WHO recommends that alcohol-based hand rub be applied for 20 to 30 seconds, covering all surfaces of the hands until dry. Shorter times do not allow adequate contact with all hand surfaces.

Question 44Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

A sharps container in the treatment room is filled to the marked line. What is the correct action for the GDA?

  1. Seal and replace the container, then start a new one Correct answer.
  2. Continue filling above the line until the end of the shift
  3. Transfer the sharps into a plastic bag for disposal
  4. Press the contents down to make more room

Explanation

Sharps containers must be sealed when they reach the fill line, usually three-quarters full, and replaced to prevent needlestick injuries from overfilling. Pressing or transferring sharps increases the risk of injury and is never acceptable.

Question 45Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

Which statement correctly describes the difference between cleaning and disinfection of reusable patient-care equipment?

  1. Cleaning and disinfection are the same process with different names
  2. Cleaning removes visible soil, while disinfection reduces pathogens on cleaned surfaces Correct answer.
  3. Cleaning sterilises the equipment completely
  4. Disinfection must always be done before cleaning

Explanation

Cleaning physically removes organic matter and soil, and disinfection then reduces the number of pathogenic organisms on the cleaned surface. Disinfection works poorly when soil remains, so cleaning must come first.

Question 46Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

A GDA removes gloves after cleaning a soiled linen trolley. Which statement about glove use and hand hygiene is correct?

  1. Gloves replace the need for hand hygiene
  2. Hand hygiene must be performed after glove removal Correct answer.
  3. Gloves can be washed with soap and reused for the next task
  4. Gloves should be worn for all clerical work in the ward

Explanation

Gloves are single-use and do not replace hand hygiene; hands must be cleaned immediately after removing gloves because gloves may have micro-punctures or contaminate hands during removal. Washing and reusing gloves is unsafe and not permitted.

Question 47Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

Which of the following waste items belongs in the red category under the Biomedical Waste Management Rules?

  1. Glass ampoules
  2. Discarded cotton swabs
  3. Human anatomical waste
  4. Used IV tubing and urine bags Correct answer.

Explanation

The red category covers contaminated recyclable plastics such as IV tubing, urine bags, catheters and gloves, which are sent for recycling after treatment. Glass ampoules and cotton swabs are not red-category items.

Question 48Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

A patient with a suspected respiratory infection is admitted. Which precaution set should the GDA follow when entering the room to clean?

  1. Contact precautions with double gloves only
  2. Droplet precautions with a surgical mask and eye protection Correct answer.
  3. Standard precautions only, with no additional measures
  4. Airborne precautions with an N95 respirator and negative-pressure room

Explanation

Suspected respiratory infections spread by droplets require droplet precautions, which include a surgical mask and eye protection in addition to standard precautions. Airborne precautions are reserved for pathogens such as tuberculosis or measles.

Question 49Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

Which step in the handwashing technique ensures that the thumbs and fingertips are cleaned?

  1. Rotational rubbing of the thumb with the opposite palm and fingertips in the opposite palm Correct answer.
  2. Rubbing the back of fingers with clasped hands
  3. Rinsing hands under running water only
  4. Rubbing palm to palm

Explanation

The WHO handwashing technique includes rotational rubbing of the thumb and rubbing of fingertips in the opposite palm, because these areas are frequently missed. Palm-to-palm rubbing alone does not clean the thumbs or fingertips.

Question 50Infection Prevention and Control, Hand Hygiene and Biomedical Waste Management

A GDA notices a needle lying on the floor near a patient's bed. What is the safest action?

  1. Ask the patient to pick it up and hand it over
  2. Use a brush and dustpan or forceps to pick it up and place it in a sharps container Correct answer.
  3. Kick it under the bed and continue mopping
  4. Pick it up with bare hands and place it in the general waste bin

Explanation

Loose sharps must never be handled with bare hands; they should be picked up with a mechanical aid such as forceps or a dustpan and placed directly into a puncture-proof sharps container. This prevents needlestick injury and bloodborne exposure.