Practical Work, Project and Viva
This domain is assessed through the practical examination and the project report with viva. It rewards accuracy in the books you prepare and the ability to explain your own work confidently.
Practical book-keeping
A typical set gives 10–12 transactions: prepare the journal, post to ledger, balance the accounts and draw the trial balance. Write a narration for every entry, keep dates in order, and total both sides of each ledger. If asked for a bank reconciliation or depreciation schedule, state the method and show workings instead of only the final figure.
Project report
Standard order: title page, certificate from the guide, declaration, acknowledgement, index, introduction, objectives, methodology, data collection, analysis, findings, conclusion and suggestions, bibliography. Choose a real, accessible unit - a local trader, a co-operative credit society, a small manufacturer - and attach a consent letter. State whether data is primary (questionnaire, interview) or secondary (published accounts, websites). Analysis should include at least one table or chart that you can explain, such as a simple ratio or a trend of sales over three years.
Worked example
The proprietor brings in ₹50,000 cash and furniture worth ₹20,000. Entry: Cash A/c Dr 50,000; Furniture A/c Dr 20,000; To Capital A/c 70,000. Reasoning to give the examiner: both items are assets received by the business, and the owner's claim rises by the total, so capital is credited with 70,000 and the accounting equation still balances.
Traps that cost marks
Writing no narration; posting an amount to the wrong side of the ledger; submitting a project with no evidence of data collection; copying a published report; being unable to explain a figure in your own file during the viva.
Viva preparation
Expect questions on why an account was debited, which method you used, where your data came from, and what your chart shows.