Science and Technology
Science and Technology tests core Class 10 physics, chemistry, biology, and emerging technology. Numerical questions reward formula recall; chemical and biological questions reward precise definitions.
Core rules
- Motion: v = u + at; s = ut + ½at²; v² = u² + 2as. Velocity is a vector; speed is scalar.
- Newton’s laws: inertia; F = ma; action–reaction. Weight = mg; mass is constant.
- Work = force × displacement; power = work/time; energy conserved.
- Electricity: V = IR; P = VI; household wiring is parallel.
- Acids turn blue litmus red; bases red to blue; pH below 7 acidic. Photosynthesis, respiration, heredity: DNA carries genes.
- Technology: ISRO missions, AI, semiconductors, renewable energy.
Worked example
Question: A car starts from rest and accelerates at 2 m/s² for 5 s. Distance? Reasoning: u = 0, a = 2, t = 5; s = 0 + ½ × 2 × 25 = 25 m. Answer: 25 m.
Traps that cost marks
Do not use speed and velocity interchangeably. Convert km/h to m/s by multiplying by 5/18. In P = VI, use volts and amperes. A physical change does not form a new substance; a chemical change does. In circuits, ammeter is series, voltmeter parallel. Do not confuse mass (kg) with weight (N).