Main Written Examination
What the descriptive papers demand
The main written examination tests depth and expression. Papers typically cover civil law, criminal law, evidence, constitutional law, jurisprudence, English, and general knowledge. Answers are judged on issue-spotting, accurate statutory citation, case law, and a reasoned conclusion.
Answer architecture
Use IRAC:
- Issue: frame the precise legal question.
- Rule: cite the section and the leading case.
- Application: apply the facts and distinguish alternatives.
- Conclusion: state the likely outcome.
Worked example
Problem: a state law reserves 25% of seats in private unaided medical colleges for a backward class. Discuss validity. Begin with Article 15(5), which permits reservation in educational institutions including private ones, but subject to Article 19(1)(g) and the requirement of a reasonable nexus. Apply the proportionality test: legitimate aim, suitable measure, necessity, and balance. Cite the equality code and note that a blanket reservation without quantifiable data may fail. Conclude that validity depends on the data and the extent of the burden on minority institutions.
Traps
Do not write a case note when the question asks for advice. Do not cite a case without its ratio. Do not ignore a directive such as “critically examine”. Poor structure and illegible handwriting cost marks even when the law is right. In criminal answers, always check general exceptions and the punishment provision.